메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 877-902

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIANDROGEN; CYPROTERONE ACETATE; DESOGESTREL PLUS ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS ETYNODIOL DIACETATE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS NORETHISTERONE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS NORGESTIMATE; FINASTERIDE; FLUTAMIDE; FOLLITROPIN; GLUCOSE; GONADORELIN AGONIST; HYDROXYPROGESTERONE; INSULIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; METFORMIN; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PRASTERONE SULFATE; SPIRONOLACTONE; THYROTROPIN; TROGLITAZONE;

EID: 0031701874     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70045-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 0022519137 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with anovulation and idiopathic hirsutism
    • J. Adams D.W. Polson S. Franks Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with anovulation and idiopathic hirsutism BMJ (Clin Res) 293 1986 355
    • (1986) BMJ (Clin Res) , vol.293 , pp. 355
    • Adams, J.1    Polson, D.W.2    Franks, S.3
  • 2
    • 0024999713 scopus 로고
    • Ovarian electrocautery versus human menopausal gonadotrophins and pure follicle stimulating hormone therapy in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovarian disease
    • Abdel Gadir A. R.S. Mowafi H.M.I. Alnaser Ovarian electrocautery versus human menopausal gonadotrophins and pure follicle stimulating hormone therapy in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovarian disease Clin Endocrinol 33 1990 585 592
    • (1990) Clin Endocrinol , vol.33 , pp. 585-592
    • Abdel Gadir, A.1    Mowafi, R.S.2    Alnaser, H.M.I.3
  • 3
    • 0019443286 scopus 로고
    • Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells
    • E.Y. Adashi A.J.W. Hseuh S.S.C. Yen Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells Endocrinology 108 1981 1441
    • (1981) Endocrinology , vol.108 , pp. 1441
    • Adashi, E.Y.1    Hseuh, A.J.W.2    Yen, S.S.C.3
  • 4
    • 0025732777 scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and circulating gonadotropin, insulin, and androgen interactions in women with polycystic ovarian disease
    • Anttila L. Ding Y.-Q. K. Ruutiainen Clinical features and circulating gonadotropin, insulin, and androgen interactions in women with polycystic ovarian disease Fertil Steril 55 1991 1057
    • (1991) Fertil Steril , vol.55 , pp. 1057
    • Anttila, L.1    Ding, Y.-Q.2    Ruutiainen, K.3
  • 7
    • 0027230017 scopus 로고
    • Miscarriage rates following in-vitro fertilization are increased in women with polycystic ovaries and reduced by pituitary desensitization with buserelin
    • A.H. Balen S.L. Tan J. MacDougall Miscarriage rates following in-vitro fertilization are increased in women with polycystic ovaries and reduced by pituitary desensitization with buserelin Hum Reprod 8 1993 959
    • (1993) Hum Reprod , vol.8 , pp. 959
    • Balen, A.H.1    Tan, S.L.2    MacDougall, J.3
  • 8
    • 0021270895 scopus 로고
    • Insulin stimulates androgen accumulation in incubations of human ovarian stroma and theca
    • R.L. Barbieri A. Makris K.J. Ryan Insulin stimulates androgen accumulation in incubations of human ovarian stroma and theca Obstet Gynecol 64 1984 735
    • (1984) Obstet Gynecol , vol.64 , pp. 735
    • Barbieri, R.L.1    Makris, A.2    Ryan, K.J.3
  • 9
    • 0024602863 scopus 로고
    • Pituitary-ovarian responses to nafarelin testing in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • R.B. Barnes R.L. Rosenfield S. Burstein Pituitary-ovarian responses to nafarelin testing in the polycystic ovary syndrome N Engl J Med 320 1989 559
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 559
    • Barnes, R.B.1    Rosenfield, R.L.2    Burstein, S.3
  • 10
    • 0027372636 scopus 로고
    • Increased luteinizing hormone and alpha-subunit secretion in women with hyperandrogenic anovulation
    • S.L. Berga D.S. Guzick S.J. Winters Increased luteinizing hormone and alpha-subunit secretion in women with hyperandrogenic anovulation J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77 1993 895
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 895
    • Berga, S.L.1    Guzick, D.S.2    Winters, S.J.3
  • 11
    • 0016787958 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin levels and secretory patterns in patients with typical and atypical polycystic ovarian disease
    • M.J. Berger M.L. Taymor W.C. Patton Gonadotropin levels and secretory patterns in patients with typical and atypical polycystic ovarian disease Fertil Steril 26 1975 619
    • (1975) Fertil Steril , vol.26 , pp. 619
    • Berger, M.J.1    Taymor, M.L.2    Patton, W.C.3
  • 12
    • 0031025124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between polycystic ovaries and coronary artery disease in women having cardiac catheterization
    • M.A. Birdsall C.M. Farquhar H.D. White Association between polycystic ovaries and coronary artery disease in women having cardiac catheterization Ann Intern Med 126 1997 32
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med , vol.126 , pp. 32
    • Birdsall, M.A.1    Farquhar, C.M.2    White, H.D.3
  • 13
    • 0023261237 scopus 로고
    • Spironolactone and estrogen-progestin therapy for hirsutism
    • J.A. Board S.M. Rosenberg J.S. Smeltzer Spironolactone and estrogen-progestin therapy for hirsutism South Med J 80 1987 43
    • (1987) South Med J , vol.80 , pp. 43
    • Board, J.A.1    Rosenberg, S.M.2    Smeltzer, J.S.3
  • 14
    • 0027101826 scopus 로고
    • Vaginal progesterone administration in physiologic doses normalizes raised luteinizing hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • H.M. Buckler M. Bangah D.L. Healy Vaginal progesterone administration in physiologic doses normalizes raised luteinizing hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome Gynecol Endocrinol 6 1992 275 282
    • (1992) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.6 , pp. 275-282
    • Buckler, H.M.1    Bangah, M.2    Healy, D.L.3
  • 15
    • 0022414079 scopus 로고
    • Pulsatile luteinizing hormone patterns in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) and non-PCOD secondary amenorrhea
    • C.W. Burger T. Korsen van Kessel H. Pulsatile luteinizing hormone patterns in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) and non-PCOD secondary amenorrhea J Clin Endocrinol Metab 61 1985 1126
    • (1985) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.61 , pp. 1126
    • Burger, C.W.1    Korsen, T.2    van Kessel, H.3
  • 16
    • 0018906734 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease
    • G.A. Burghen J.R. Givens A.E. Kitabchi Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease J Clin Endocrinol Metab 50 1980 113
    • (1980) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.50 , pp. 113
    • Burghen, G.A.1    Givens, J.R.2    Kitabchi, A.E.3
  • 17
    • 0028921507 scopus 로고
    • The role of oral contraceptives in the treatment of hyperandrogenic disorders
    • Burkman R.T. Jr The role of oral contraceptives in the treatment of hyperandrogenic disorders Am J Med 98 suppl 1A 1995 130S
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98 , Issue.suppl 1A , pp. 130S
    • Burkman, R.T.1
  • 18
    • 1842870399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog plus an oral contraceptive containing desogestrel in women with severe hirsutism: Effects on hair, bone, and hormone profile after 1-year use
    • Castelo-Branco C. Martinez de Osaba M.J. F. Pons Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog plus an oral contraceptive containing desogestrel in women with severe hirsutism: Effects on hair, bone, and hormone profile after 1-year use Metabolism 46 1997 437
    • (1997) Metabolism , vol.46 , pp. 437
    • Castelo-Branco, C.1    Martinez de Osaba, M.J.2    Pons, F.3
  • 19
    • 0020538956 scopus 로고
    • Steroid secretion in polycystic ovarian disease after ovarian suppression by a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
    • R.J. Chang L.R. Laufer D.R. Meldrum Steroid secretion in polycystic ovarian disease after ovarian suppression by a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist J Clin Endocrinol Metab 56 1983 897
    • (1983) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.56 , pp. 897
    • Chang, R.J.1    Laufer, L.R.2    Meldrum, D.R.3
  • 20
    • 0020421953 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced disparity of gonadotropin secretion by estrone in women with polycystic ovarian disease
    • R.J. Chang F.P. Mandel J.K.H. Lu Enhanced disparity of gonadotropin secretion by estrone in women with polycystic ovarian disease J Clin Endocrinol Metab 54 1982 490
    • (1982) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.54 , pp. 490
    • Chang, R.J.1    Mandel, F.P.2    Lu, J.K.H.3
  • 21
    • 0020635004 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • R.J. Chang R.M. Nakamura H.L. Judd Insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57 1983 356
    • (1983) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.57 , pp. 356
    • Chang, R.J.1    Nakamura, R.M.2    Judd, H.L.3
  • 22
    • 0025914152 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency is associated with subsequent selective follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in women with polycystic ovarian disease
    • G.M. Christman J.F. Randolph R.P. Kelch Reduction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency is associated with subsequent selective follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in women with polycystic ovarian disease J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72 1991 1278
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.72 , pp. 1278
    • Christman, G.M.1    Randolph, J.F.2    Kelch, R.P.3
  • 23
    • 0026756778 scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • T.P. Ciaraldi A. El-Roeiy Z. Madar Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75 1992 577
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.75 , pp. 577
    • Ciaraldi, T.P.1    El-Roeiy, A.2    Madar, Z.3
  • 24
    • 0027973620 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hirsutism with flutamide and a low-dose oral contraceptive in polycystic ovarian disease patients
    • L. Ciotta A. Cianci E. Marletta Treatment of hirsutism with flutamide and a low-dose oral contraceptive in polycystic ovarian disease patients Fertil Steril 62 1994 1129
    • (1994) Fertil Steril , vol.62 , pp. 1129
    • Ciotta, L.1    Cianci, A.2    Marletta, E.3
  • 25
    • 0024542647 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of the polycystic ovary syndrome: Clinical, endocrine, and ultrasound features in 556 patients
    • G.S. Conway J.W. Honour H.S. Jacobs Heterogeneity of the polycystic ovary syndrome: Clinical, endocrine, and ultrasound features in 556 patients Clin Endocrinol 30 1989 459
    • (1989) Clin Endocrinol , vol.30 , pp. 459
    • Conway, G.S.1    Honour, J.W.2    Jacobs, H.S.3
  • 26
    • 0028304447 scopus 로고
    • Benefits of continuous physiological pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • Corenthal L. Von Hagen S. D. Larkins Benefits of continuous physiological pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome Fertil Steril 61 1994 1027
    • (1994) Fertil Steril , vol.61 , pp. 1027
    • Corenthal, L.1    Von Hagen, S.2    Larkins, D.3
  • 27
    • 0020691224 scopus 로고
    • Chronic anovulation syndrome and associated neoplasia
    • C.B. Coulam J.F. Anneger J.S. Kranz Chronic anovulation syndrome and associated neoplasia Obstet Gynecol 61 1983 403
    • (1983) Obstet Gynecol , vol.61 , pp. 403
    • Coulam, C.B.1    Anneger, J.F.2    Kranz, J.S.3
  • 28
    • 0022526564 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of cyproterone acetate or a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in polycystic ovarian disease
    • Couzinet B. Le Strat N. S. Brailly Comparative effects of cyproterone acetate or a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in polycystic ovarian disease J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63 1986 1031
    • (1986) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.63 , pp. 1031
    • Couzinet, B.1    Le Strat, N.2    Brailly, S.3
  • 29
    • 0020039720 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hirsutism with spironolactone
    • D.C. Cumming J.C. Yang R.W. Rebar Treatment of hirsutism with spironolactone JAMA 247 1982 1295
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.247 , pp. 1295
    • Cumming, D.C.1    Yang, J.C.2    Rebar, R.W.3
  • 30
    • 0028140279 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of flutamide and spironolactone in the treatment of hirsutism: A randomized controlled trial
    • L. Cusan A. Dupont Gomez J.-L. Comparison of flutamide and spironolactone in the treatment of hirsutism: A randomized controlled trial Fertil Steril 61 1994 281
    • (1994) Fertil Steril , vol.61 , pp. 281
    • Cusan, L.1    Dupont, A.2    Gomez, J.-L.3
  • 31
    • 0026574154 scopus 로고
    • Women with polycystic ovary syndrome wedge resected in 1956 to 1965: A long-term follow-up focusing on natural history and circulating hormones
    • E. Dahlgren S. Johansson G. Lindstredt Women with polycystic ovary syndrome wedge resected in 1956 to 1965: A long-term follow-up focusing on natural history and circulating hormones Fertil Steril 57 1992 505
    • (1992) Fertil Steril , vol.57 , pp. 505
    • Dahlgren, E.1    Johansson, S.2    Lindstredt, G.3
  • 32
    • 0026781569 scopus 로고
    • Body weight, hyperinsulinemia, and gonadotropin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome: Evidence of two distinct populations
    • P.O. Dale T. Tanbo S. Vaaler Body weight, hyperinsulinemia, and gonadotropin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome: Evidence of two distinct populations Fertil Steril 58 1992 487
    • (1992) Fertil Steril , vol.58 , pp. 487
    • Dale, P.O.1    Tanbo, T.2    Vaaler, S.3
  • 33
    • 0030735282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of gonadotropin releasing hormone drive to sex steroid-induced suppression in hyperandrogenic anovulation
    • T.L. Daniels S.L. Berga Resistance of gonadotropin releasing hormone drive to sex steroid-induced suppression in hyperandrogenic anovulation J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 1997 4179
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 4179
    • Daniels, T.L.1    Berga, S.L.2
  • 35
    • 0027249836 scopus 로고
    • Virilizing adrenocortical tumors in adult women: Report of 10 patients, 2 of whom each had a tumor secreting only testosterone
    • Del Gaudio A. Del Gaudio G.A. Virilizing adrenocortical tumors in adult women: Report of 10 patients, 2 of whom each had a tumor secreting only testosterone Cancer 72 1993 1997
    • (1993) Cancer , vol.72 , pp. 1997
    • Del Gaudio, A.1    Del Gaudio, G.A.2
  • 36
    • 0028040359 scopus 로고
    • Identification of virilizing adrenal tumors in hirsute women
    • J. Derksen S.K. Nagesser A.E. Meinders Identification of virilizing adrenal tumors in hirsute women N Engl J Med 331 1994 968
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 968
    • Derksen, J.1    Nagesser, S.K.2    Meinders, A.E.3
  • 37
    • 0016670977 scopus 로고
    • Circulating gonadotropins, estrogens, and androgens in polycystic ovarian disease
    • G.W. DeVane N.M. Czekala H.L. Judd Circulating gonadotropins, estrogens, and androgens in polycystic ovarian disease Am J Obstet Gynecol 121 1975 496
    • (1975) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.121 , pp. 496
    • DeVane, G.W.1    Czekala, N.M.2    Judd, H.L.3
  • 38
    • 0022596436 scopus 로고
    • Do androgens directly regulate gonadotropin secretion in the polycystic ovary syndrome?
    • A. Dunaif Do androgens directly regulate gonadotropin secretion in the polycystic ovary syndrome? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63 1986 215
    • (1986) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.63 , pp. 215
    • Dunaif, A.1
  • 39
    • 0028899597 scopus 로고
    • Hyperandrogenic anovulation (PCOS): A unique disorder of insulin action associated with an increased risk of non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • A. Dunaif Hyperandrogenic anovulation (PCOS): A unique disorder of insulin action associated with an increased risk of non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Am J Med 98 suppl 1A 1995 33S
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98 , Issue.suppl 1A , pp. 33S
    • Dunaif, A.1
  • 40
    • 0023835915 scopus 로고
    • The impact of obesity and chronic hyperinsulinemia on gonadotropin release and gonadal steroid secretion in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • A. Dunaif J. Mandeli H. Fluhr The impact of obesity and chronic hyperinsulinemia on gonadotropin release and gonadal steroid secretion in the polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66 1989 131
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.66 , pp. 131
    • Dunaif, A.1    Mandeli, J.2    Fluhr, H.3
  • 41
    • 0029795871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone improves the metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • A. Dunaif D. Scott D. Finegood The insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone improves the metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 1996 3299
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3299
    • Dunaif, A.1    Scott, D.2    Finegood, D.3
  • 42
    • 0024437305 scopus 로고
    • Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • A. Dunaif K.R. Segal W. Futterweit Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome Diabetes 38 1989 1165
    • (1989) Diabetes , vol.38 , pp. 1165
    • Dunaif, A.1    Segal, K.R.2    Futterweit, W.3
  • 43
    • 0029119085 scopus 로고
    • Excessive insulin receptor serine phosphorylation in cultured fibroblasts in skeletal muscle: A potential mechanism for insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • A. Dunaif J. Xia C.B. Book Excessive insulin receptor serine phosphorylation in cultured fibroblasts in skeletal muscle: A potential mechanism for insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Invest 96 1995 801
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 801
    • Dunaif, A.1    Xia, J.2    Book, C.B.3
  • 44
    • 0031015005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of metformin on insulin secretion, insulin action and steroidogenesis
    • D.A. Ehrmann M.K. Cavaghan J. Imperial Effects of metformin on insulin secretion, insulin action and steroidogenesis J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 1997 524
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 524
    • Ehrmann, D.A.1    Cavaghan, M.K.2    Imperial, J.3
  • 45
    • 0026664328 scopus 로고
    • Detection of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with androgen excess
    • D.A. Ehrmann R.L. Rosenfield R. Barnes Detection of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with androgen excess N Engl J Med 327 1992 157
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 157
    • Ehrmann, D.A.1    Rosenfield, R.L.2    Barnes, R.3
  • 46
    • 0030855145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troglitazone improves defects in insulin action, insulin secretion, ovarian steroidogenesis, and fibrinolysis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • D.A. Erhmann D.J. Schneider B.E. Sobel Troglitazone improves defects in insulin action, insulin secretion, ovarian steroidogenesis, and fibrinolysis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 1997 2108
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 2108
    • Erhmann, D.A.1    Schneider, D.J.2    Sobel, B.E.3
  • 47
    • 0029092780 scopus 로고
    • Insulin secretory defects in polycystic ovary syndrome: Relationship to insulin secretion and family history of non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • D.A. Ehrmann J. Sturis M.M. Byrne Insulin secretory defects in polycystic ovary syndrome: Relationship to insulin secretion and family history of non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus J Clin Invest 96 1995 520
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 520
    • Ehrmann, D.A.1    Sturis, J.2    Byrne, M.M.3
  • 48
    • 0022085050 scopus 로고
    • The ovarian androgen-producing cells: A review of structure/function relationships
    • G.F. Erickson D.A. Magoffin C.A. Dyer The ovarian androgen-producing cells: A review of structure/function relationships Endocr Rev 6 1985 371
    • (1985) Endocr Rev , vol.6 , pp. 371
    • Erickson, G.F.1    Magoffin, D.A.2    Dyer, C.A.3
  • 49
    • 12644305063 scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women
    • D. Ferriman J.D. Gallwey Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 21 1961 1440
    • (1961) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.21 , pp. 1440
    • Ferriman, D.1    Gallwey, J.D.2
  • 50
    • 0021252023 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine regulation of the corpus luteum in the human: Evidence for pulsatile progesterone secretion
    • M. Filicori J.P. Butler Crowley W.F. Jr Neuroendocrine regulation of the corpus luteum in the human: Evidence for pulsatile progesterone secretion J Clin Invest 73 1984 1638
    • (1984) J Clin Invest , vol.73 , pp. 1638
    • Filicori, M.1    Butler, J.P.2    Crowley, W.F.3
  • 51
    • 0001947276 scopus 로고
    • The critical role of blood sampling frequency in the estimation of episodic luteinizing hormone secretion in normal women
    • M. Filicori C. Flamigni Crowley W.F. Jr The critical role of blood sampling frequency in the estimation of episodic luteinizing hormone secretion in normal women Crowley W.F. Jr Hofler J.G. The Episodic Secretion of Hormones 1987 John Wiley & Sons New York 5 13
    • (1987) , pp. 5-13
    • Filicori, M.1    Flamigni, C.2    Crowley, W.F.3
  • 52
    • 0021968965 scopus 로고
    • Serum testosterone concentrations in the evaluation of androgen-producing tumors
    • C.I. Friedman G.E. Schmidt M.H. Kim Serum testosterone concentrations in the evaluation of androgen-producing tumors Am J Obstet Gynecol 153 1985 44
    • (1985) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.153 , pp. 44
    • Friedman, C.I.1    Schmidt, G.E.2    Kim, M.H.3
  • 53
    • 0015905691 scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate secretion of LH in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome
    • R.D. Gambrell R.B. Greenblatt V.B. Mahesh Inappropriate secretion of LH in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome Obstet Gynecol 42 1973 429
    • (1973) Obstet Gynecol , vol.42 , pp. 429
    • Gambrell, R.D.1    Greenblatt, R.B.2    Mahesh, V.B.3
  • 54
    • 0030832255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • C. Gilling-Smith H. Story V. Rogers Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome Clin Endocrinol 47 1997 93
    • (1997) Clin Endocrinol , vol.47 , pp. 93
    • Gilling-Smith, C.1    Story, H.2    Rogers, V.3
  • 55
    • 0019906453 scopus 로고
    • Changes in unbound sex steroids and sex hormone binding globulin-binding capacity during oral and vaginal preestrogen administration
    • L.R. Granger S. Roy D.R. Mishell Changes in unbound sex steroids and sex hormone binding globulin-binding capacity during oral and vaginal preestrogen administration Am J Obstet Gynecol 144 1982 578
    • (1982) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.144 , pp. 578
    • Granger, L.R.1    Roy, S.2    Mishell, D.R.3
  • 56
    • 0027212609 scopus 로고
    • Roles of LH and insulin resistance in lean and obese polycystic ovary syndrome
    • H. Grulet A.C. Hecart B. Delemer Roles of LH and insulin resistance in lean and obese polycystic ovary syndrome Clin Endocrinol 38 1993 621
    • (1993) Clin Endocrinol , vol.38 , pp. 621
    • Grulet, H.1    Hecart, A.C.2    Delemer, B.3
  • 57
    • 0029987755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid atherosclerosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Initial results from a case-control study
    • D.S. Guzick E.O. Talbott K. Sutton-Tyrrell Carotid atherosclerosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Initial results from a case-control study Am J Obstet Gynecol 174 1996 1224 1232
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.174 , pp. 1224-1232
    • Guzick, D.S.1    Talbott, E.O.2    Sutton-Tyrrell, K.3
  • 58
    • 0025113154 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and their close relatives
    • W.M. Hague J. Adams C. Rodda The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and their close relatives Clin Endocrinol 33 1990 501
    • (1990) Clin Endocrinol , vol.33 , pp. 501
    • Hague, W.M.1    Adams, J.2    Rodda, C.3
  • 59
    • 0028229664 scopus 로고
    • Decreased release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone during the preovulatory midcycle luteinizing hormone surge in normal women
    • J.E. Hall A.E. Taylor K.A. Martin Decreased release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone during the preovulatory midcycle luteinizing hormone surge in normal women Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 1994 6894
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 6894
    • Hall, J.E.1    Taylor, A.E.2    Martin, K.A.3
  • 60
    • 0012548253 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine investigation of polycystic ovary syndrome: New approaches. Chap. 4
    • J.E. Hall A.E. Taylor Martin K.A. Crowley W.F. Jr Neuroendocrine investigation of polycystic ovary syndrome: New approaches. Chap. 4 Dunaif A. Givens J.R. Haseltine F.P. Merriam G.R. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Current Issues in Endocrinology and Metabolism 1992 Blackwell Scientific Boston
    • (1992)
    • Hall, J.E.1    Taylor, A.E.2    Martin, K.A.3    Crowley, W.F.4
  • 61
    • 33847607346 scopus 로고
    • Possibilities and limits of endocrine therapy
    • J. Hammerstein Possibilities and limits of endocrine therapy Hammerstein J. Lachnit-Fixson U. Neumann F. Plewig G. Androgenization in Women 1980 Excerpta Medica Amsterdam 221
    • (1980) , pp. 221
    • Hammerstein, J.1
  • 62
    • 0021127014 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring techniques for improved pregnancy rates during clomiphene ovulation induction
    • M.G. Hammond Monitoring techniques for improved pregnancy rates during clomiphene ovulation induction Fertil Steril 42 1984 499
    • (1984) Fertil Steril , vol.42 , pp. 499
    • Hammond, M.G.1
  • 64
    • 0031728153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a GnRH antagonist as a physiologic probe in polycystic ovary syndrome: Assessment of the neuroendocrine and androgen dynamics
    • F.J. Hayes A.E. Taylor K.A. Martin Use of a GnRH antagonist as a physiologic probe in polycystic ovary syndrome: Assessment of the neuroendocrine and androgen dynamics J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 1998 2343 2349
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 2343-2349
    • Hayes, F.J.1    Taylor, A.E.2    Martin, K.A.3
  • 65
    • 0028345924 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced early insulin response to glucose in relation to insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal glucose tolerance
    • J. Holte T. Bergh C. Berne Enhanced early insulin response to glucose in relation to insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal glucose tolerance J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78 1994 1052
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.78 , pp. 1052
    • Holte, J.1    Bergh, T.2    Berne, C.3
  • 66
    • 0020003773 scopus 로고
    • 3-Alpha, 17-beta-androstanediol glucuronide in plasma: A marker of androgen action in idiopathic hirsutism
    • R. Horton D. Hawks R. Lobo 3-Alpha, 17-beta-androstanediol glucuronide in plasma: A marker of androgen action in idiopathic hirsutism J Clin Invest 69 1982 1203
    • (1982) J Clin Invest , vol.69 , pp. 1203
    • Horton, R.1    Hawks, D.2    Lobo, R.3
  • 67
    • 0029798428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovarian 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to GnRH agonist challenge in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is not mediated by LH hypersecretion: Evidence from GnRH agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation testing
    • L. Ibanez J.E. Hall N. Potau Ovarian 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to GnRH agonist challenge in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is not mediated by LH hypersecretion: Evidence from GnRH agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation testing J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 1996 4103
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 4103
    • Ibanez, L.1    Hall, J.E.2    Potau, N.3
  • 68
    • 0026680234 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of luteinizing hormone pulsatility in the serum of women suffering from polycystic ovarian disease using a bioassay and five different immunoassays
    • V. Imse G. Holzapfel B. Hinney Comparison of luteinizing hormone pulsatility in the serum of women suffering from polycystic ovarian disease using a bioassay and five different immunoassays J Clin Endocrinol Metab 74 1992 1053
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.74 , pp. 1053
    • Imse, V.1    Holzapfel, G.2    Hinney, B.3
  • 69
    • 0017154704 scopus 로고
    • The syndromes of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans: Insulin receptor disorders in man
    • C.R. Kahn J.S. Flier R.S. Bar The syndromes of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans: Insulin receptor disorders in man N Engl J Med 294 1976 739
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.294 , pp. 739
    • Kahn, C.R.1    Flier, J.S.2    Bar, R.S.3
  • 70
    • 0023187907 scopus 로고
    • Circulating luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • R.R. Kazer B. Kessel S.S.C. Yen Circulating luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 65 1987 233
    • (1987) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.65 , pp. 233
    • Kazer, R.R.1    Kessel, B.2    Yen, S.S.C.3
  • 72
    • 0024990960 scopus 로고
    • Alternate regimens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian disease
    • A.C. Kelly R. Jewelewicz Alternate regimens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian disease Fertil Steril 54 1990 195
    • (1990) Fertil Steril , vol.54 , pp. 195
    • Kelly, A.C.1    Jewelewicz, R.2
  • 73
    • 0026543775 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • D.S. Kiddy D. Hamilton-Fairley A. Bush Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 36 1992 105
    • (1992) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.36 , pp. 105
    • Kiddy, D.S.1    Hamilton-Fairley, D.2    Bush, A.3
  • 74
    • 0025092087 scopus 로고
    • Differences in clinical and endocrine features between obese and non-obese subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: An analysis of 263 consecutive cases
    • D.S. Kiddy P.S. Sharp D.M. White Differences in clinical and endocrine features between obese and non-obese subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: An analysis of 263 consecutive cases Clin Endocrinol 32 1990 213
    • (1990) Clin Endocrinol , vol.32 , pp. 213
    • Kiddy, D.S.1    Sharp, P.S.2    White, D.M.3
  • 75
    • 0020794652 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of androgen production and clearance in hirsute and obese women
    • M.A. Kirschner E. Samojlik D. Silber A comparison of androgen production and clearance in hirsute and obese women J Steroid Biochem 19 1983 607
    • (1983) J Steroid Biochem , vol.19 , pp. 607
    • Kirschner, M.A.1    Samojlik, E.2    Silber, D.3
  • 76
    • 0016768623 scopus 로고
    • Classification of secondary amenorrhea based on distinct hormonal patterns
    • O.A. Kletzky V. Davajan R.M. Nakamura Classification of secondary amenorrhea based on distinct hormonal patterns J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41 1975 660
    • (1975) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.41 , pp. 660
    • Kletzky, O.A.1    Davajan, V.2    Nakamura, R.M.3
  • 77
    • 0020534230 scopus 로고
    • Obesity, serum steroid levels, and pulsatile gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovarian disease
    • T. Laatikainen A. Tulenheimo B. Andersson Obesity, serum steroid levels, and pulsatile gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovarian disease Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 15 1983 45
    • (1983) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol , vol.15 , pp. 45
    • Laatikainen, T.1    Tulenheimo, A.2    Andersson, B.3
  • 78
    • 0030729745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of intrafollicular steroid hormones, inhibin, and follistatin in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome following gonadotropin hyperstimulation
    • G. Lambert-Messerlian A. Taylor L. Leykin Characterization of intrafollicular steroid hormones, inhibin, and follistatin in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome following gonadotropin hyperstimulation Biol Reprod 57 1997 1211
    • (1997) Biol Reprod , vol.57 , pp. 1211
    • Lambert-Messerlian, G.1    Taylor, A.2    Leykin, L.3
  • 79
    • 0020527545 scopus 로고
    • Elevated bioactive luteinizing hormone in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • R.A. Lobo O.A. Kletzky J.D. Campeau Elevated bioactive luteinizing hormone in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome Fertil Steril 39 1983 674
    • (1983) Fertil Steril , vol.39 , pp. 674
    • Lobo, R.A.1    Kletzky, O.A.2    Campeau, J.D.3
  • 80
    • 0021909171 scopus 로고
    • The effects of two doses of spironolactone on serum androgens and anagen hair in hirsute women
    • R.A. Lobo D. Shoupe P. Serafini The effects of two doses of spironolactone on serum androgens and anagen hair in hirsute women Fertil Steril 43 1985 200
    • (1985) Fertil Steril , vol.43 , pp. 200
    • Lobo, R.A.1    Shoupe, D.2    Serafini, P.3
  • 81
    • 0022441391 scopus 로고
    • Adrenal and gonadal androgen secretion in normal females
    • C. Longcope Adrenal and gonadal androgen secretion in normal females Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 15 1986 213
    • (1986) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.15 , pp. 213
    • Longcope, C.1
  • 82
    • 0018186575 scopus 로고
    • The effect of oral contraceptive treatment on the serum concentration of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate
    • J.D. Madden L. Milewich C.R. Parker The effect of oral contraceptive treatment on the serum concentration of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate Am J Obstet Gynecol 132 1978 380
    • (1978) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.132 , pp. 380
    • Madden, J.D.1    Milewich, L.2    Parker, C.R.3
  • 83
    • 0027949072 scopus 로고
    • Estradiol production by granulosa cells of normal and polycystic ovaries: Relationship to menstrual cycle history and concentrations of gonadotropins and sex steroids in follicular fluid
    • H.D. Mason D.S. Willis R.W. Beard Estradiol production by granulosa cells of normal and polycystic ovaries: Relationship to menstrual cycle history and concentrations of gonadotropins and sex steroids in follicular fluid J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79 1994 1355
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 1355
    • Mason, H.D.1    Willis, D.S.2    Beard, R.W.3
  • 84
    • 70449220426 scopus 로고
    • The urinary excretion of interstitial cell and follicle-stimulating hormone activity by women with diseases of the reproductive system
    • J.W. McArthur F.M. Ingersoll J. Worcester The urinary excretion of interstitial cell and follicle-stimulating hormone activity by women with diseases of the reproductive system J Clin Endocrinol Metab 18 1958 1202
    • (1958) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.18 , pp. 1202
    • McArthur, J.W.1    Ingersoll, F.M.2    Worcester, J.3
  • 85
    • 0018305085 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral and ovarian venous concentrations of various steroid hormones in virilizing ovarian tumors
    • D.R. Meldrum G.E. Abraham Peripheral and ovarian venous concentrations of various steroid hormones in virilizing ovarian tumors Obstet Gynecol 53 1979 36
    • (1979) Obstet Gynecol , vol.53 , pp. 36
    • Meldrum, D.R.1    Abraham, G.E.2
  • 86
    • 0029088813 scopus 로고
    • Flutamide in the treatment of hirsutism: Long-term clinical effects, endocrine changes, and androgen receptor behavior
    • P. Moghetti R. Castello C. Negri Flutamide in the treatment of hirsutism: Long-term clinical effects, endocrine changes, and androgen receptor behavior Fertil Steril 64 1995 511
    • (1995) Fertil Steril , vol.64 , pp. 511
    • Moghetti, P.1    Castello, R.2    Negri, C.3
  • 87
    • 0021334005 scopus 로고
    • Pathological mechanisms in polycystic ovary syndrome: Modulation of LH pulsatility by progesterone
    • Molloy B.G. El Sheikh M.A.A. C. Chapman Pathological mechanisms in polycystic ovary syndrome: Modulation of LH pulsatility by progesterone Br J Obstet Gynecol 91 1984 457
    • (1984) Br J Obstet Gynecol , vol.91 , pp. 457
    • Molloy, B.G.1    El Sheikh, M.A.A.2    Chapman, C.3
  • 88
    • 0029833087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin, somatotropic, and luteinizing hormone axes in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Common and distinct features
    • A.J. Morales G.A. Laughlin T. Butzow Insulin, somatotropic, and luteinizing hormone axes in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Common and distinct features J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 1996 2854
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 2854
    • Morales, A.J.1    Laughlin, G.A.2    Butzow, T.3
  • 89
    • 0024358352 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I receptor beta-subunit heterogeneity: Evidence for hybrid tetramers composed of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin receptor heterodimers
    • C.P. Moxham V. Duronio S. Jacobs Insulin-like growth factor I receptor beta-subunit heterogeneity: Evidence for hybrid tetramers composed of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin receptor heterodimers J Biol Chem 264 1989 13238
    • (1989) J Biol Chem , vol.264 , pp. 13238
    • Moxham, C.P.1    Duronio, V.2    Jacobs, S.3
  • 90
    • 0029796476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreases in ovarian cytochrome P450c17-alpha activity and serum free testosterone after reduction of insulin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • J.E. Nestler D.J. Jakubowicz Decreases in ovarian cytochrome P450c17-alpha activity and serum free testosterone after reduction of insulin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome N Engl J Med 335 1996 617
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 617
    • Nestler, J.E.1    Jakubowicz, D.J.2
  • 91
    • 0030783316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome respond to insulin reduction with decreases in ovarian P450c17α activity and serum androgens
    • J.E. Nestler D.J. Jakubowicz Lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome respond to insulin reduction with decreases in ovarian P450c17α activity and serum androgens J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 1997 4075
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 4075
    • Nestler, J.E.1    Jakubowicz, D.J.2
  • 92
    • 0031790832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin stimulates testosterone biosynthesis by human thecal cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome by activating its own receptor and using inositolglycan mediators as the signal transduction system
    • J.E. Nestler D.J. Jakubowicz de Vargas A.F. Insulin stimulates testosterone biosynthesis by human thecal cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome by activating its own receptor and using inositolglycan mediators as the signal transduction system J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 1998 2001 2005
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 2001-2005
    • Nestler, J.E.1    Jakubowicz, D.J.2    de Vargas, A.F.3
  • 93
    • 0024381472 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of serum insulin by diazoxide reduces serum testosterone levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • J.E. Nestler C.O. Barlascini D.W. Matt Suppression of serum insulin by diazoxide reduces serum testosterone levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68 1989 1027
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , pp. 1027
    • Nestler, J.E.1    Barlascini, C.O.2    Matt, D.W.3
  • 94
    • 0026028184 scopus 로고
    • A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • J.E. Nestler L.P. Powers D.W. Matt A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72 1991 83
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.72 , pp. 83
    • Nestler, J.E.1    Powers, L.P.2    Matt, D.W.3
  • 95
    • 0020556434 scopus 로고
    • Genotyping steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: Hormonal reference data
    • M.I. New F. Lorenzen A.J. Lerner Genotyping steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: Hormonal reference data J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57 1983 320
    • (1983) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.57 , pp. 320
    • New, M.I.1    Lorenzen, F.2    Lerner, A.J.3
  • 96
    • 0027984865 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the prevalence of clear-cut endocrine disorders and polycystic ovaries in 350 patients presenting with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia
    • J.B. O'Driscoll H. Mamtora J. Higginson A prospective study of the prevalence of clear-cut endocrine disorders and polycystic ovaries in 350 patients presenting with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 41 1994 231
    • (1994) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.41 , pp. 231
    • O'Driscoll, J.B.1    Mamtora, H.2    Higginson, J.3
  • 97
    • 0022448296 scopus 로고
    • Effects of obesity on gonadotropin secretion in patients with polycystic ovarian disease
    • R. Paradisi S. Venturoli R. Pasquali Effects of obesity on gonadotropin secretion in patients with polycystic ovarian disease J Endocrinol Invest 9 1986 139
    • (1986) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.9 , pp. 139
    • Paradisi, R.1    Venturoli, S.2    Pasquali, R.3
  • 98
    • 0024541460 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and hormonal characteristics of obese amenorrheic hyperandrogenic women before and after weight loss
    • R. Pasquali D. Antenucci F. Casimirri Clinical and hormonal characteristics of obese amenorrheic hyperandrogenic women before and after weight loss J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68 1989 173
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , pp. 173
    • Pasquali, R.1    Antenucci, D.2    Casimirri, F.3
  • 99
    • 0020558682 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovaries: Its relationship to body weight and androgen levels
    • R. Pasquali F. Casimirri S. Venturoli Insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovaries: Its relationship to body weight and androgen levels Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 104 1983 110
    • (1983) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.104 , pp. 110
    • Pasquali, R.1    Casimirri, F.2    Venturoli, S.3
  • 100
    • 0031765313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome: Evidence for reduced sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone
    • C.L. Pastor M.L. Griffen-Korf J.A. Aloi Polycystic ovary syndrome: Evidence for reduced sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 1998 582
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 582
    • Pastor, C.L.1    Griffen-Korf, M.L.2    Aloi, J.A.3
  • 101
    • 0024516869 scopus 로고
    • The relative contributions of hepatic and peripheral tissues to insulin resistance in hyperandrogenic women
    • A.N. Peiris E.J. Aiman W.D. Drucker The relative contributions of hepatic and peripheral tissues to insulin resistance in hyperandrogenic women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68 1989 715
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , pp. 715
    • Peiris, A.N.1    Aiman, E.J.2    Drucker, W.D.3
  • 102
    • 0021839305 scopus 로고
    • Spironolactone in combination drug therapy for unresponsive hirsutism
    • D.E. Pittaway W.S. Maxson A.C. Wentz Spironolactone in combination drug therapy for unresponsive hirsutism Fertil Steril 43 1985 878
    • (1985) Fertil Steril , vol.43 , pp. 878
    • Pittaway, D.E.1    Maxson, W.S.2    Wentz, A.C.3
  • 103
    • 0022406388 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and characterization of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I receptors in normal human ovary
    • L. Poretsky F. Grigorescu M. Seibel Distribution and characterization of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I receptors in normal human ovary J Clin Endocrinol Metab 61 1985 728
    • (1985) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.61 , pp. 728
    • Poretsky, L.1    Grigorescu, F.2    Seibel, M.3
  • 104
    • 0023879442 scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovaries—a common finding in normal women
    • D.W. Polson J. Wadsworth J. Adams Polycystic ovaries—a common finding in normal women Lancet 1 1988 870
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 870
    • Polson, D.W.1    Wadsworth, J.2    Adams, J.3
  • 105
    • 0017068476 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • R. Rebar H.L. Judd S.S.C. Yen Characterization of the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Invest 57 1976 1320
    • (1976) J Clin Invest , vol.57 , pp. 1320
    • Rebar, R.1    Judd, H.L.2    Yen, S.S.C.3
  • 106
    • 0028923296 scopus 로고
    • Targeted overexpression of luteinizing hormone in transgenic mice leads to infertility, polycystic ovaries, and ovarian tumors
    • K.A. Risma C.M. Clay T.M. Nett Targeted overexpression of luteinizing hormone in transgenic mice leads to infertility, polycystic ovaries, and ovarian tumors Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 1995 1322
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 1322
    • Risma, K.A.1    Clay, C.M.2    Nett, T.M.3
  • 107
    • 0029160057 scopus 로고
    • Medical treatment of androgen-dependent hirsutism
    • R.S. Rittmaster Medical treatment of androgen-dependent hirsutism J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80 1995 2559
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 2559
    • Rittmaster, R.S.1
  • 108
    • 0026127280 scopus 로고
    • The impact of ovarian laser surgery on the gonadotrophin secretion in women with polycystic ovarian disease
    • W.G. Rossmanith J. Keckstein K. Spatsier The impact of ovarian laser surgery on the gonadotrophin secretion in women with polycystic ovarian disease Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 34 1991 223
    • (1991) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.34 , pp. 223
    • Rossmanith, W.G.1    Keckstein, J.2    Spatsier, K.3
  • 109
    • 0017239893 scopus 로고
    • The Stein-Leventhal syndrome: A neuropituitary disorder?
    • H.E. Scaglia M. Medina C. Gual The Stein-Leventhal syndrome: A neuropituitary disorder? Fertil Steril 27 1976 243
    • (1976) Fertil Steril , vol.27 , pp. 243
    • Scaglia, H.E.1    Medina, M.2    Gual, C.3
  • 110
    • 0023223240 scopus 로고
    • Androgen and insulin response to an oral glucose challenge in hyperandrogenic women
    • S. Smith V.A. Ravnikar R.L. Barbieri Androgen and insulin response to an oral glucose challenge in hyperandrogenic women Fertil Steril 48 1987 72
    • (1987) Fertil Steril , vol.48 , pp. 72
    • Smith, S.1    Ravnikar, V.A.2    Barbieri, R.L.3
  • 111
    • 0027984168 scopus 로고
    • Absence of insulin receptor gene mutations in three insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • L.R. Sorbara Z. Tang A. Cama Absence of insulin receptor gene mutations in three insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome Metabolism 43 1994 1568
    • (1994) Metabolism , vol.43 , pp. 1568
    • Sorbara, L.R.1    Tang, Z.2    Cama, A.3
  • 112
    • 0024531989 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term testosterone administration on gonadotropin secretion in agonadal female to male transsexuals compared with hypogonadal and normal women
    • T. Spinder J.J. Spijkstra L.J.G. Gooren Effects of long-term testosterone administration on gonadotropin secretion in agonadal female to male transsexuals compared with hypogonadal and normal women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68 1989 200
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , pp. 200
    • Spinder, T.1    Spijkstra, J.J.2    Gooren, L.J.G.3
  • 113
    • 0024403763 scopus 로고
    • The effects of long term testosterone administration on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion and on ovarian histology in rugonadal female to male transsexual subjects
    • T. Spinder J.J. Spijkstra van den Tweel J.G. The effects of long term testosterone administration on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion and on ovarian histology in rugonadal female to male transsexual subjects J Clin Endocrinol Metab 69 1989 151
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.69 , pp. 151
    • Spinder, T.1    Spijkstra, J.J.2    van den Tweel, J.G.3
  • 114
    • 0023181269 scopus 로고
    • Effects of increasing the frequency of low doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on gonadotropin secretion in GnRH-deficient men
    • D.I. Spratt J.S. Finkelstein J.P. Butler Effects of increasing the frequency of low doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on gonadotropin secretion in GnRH-deficient men J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64 1987 1179
    • (1987) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.64 , pp. 1179
    • Spratt, D.I.1    Finkelstein, J.S.2    Butler, J.P.3
  • 115
    • 0025270749 scopus 로고
    • Cyproterone acetate versus hydrocortisone treatment in late-onset adrenal hyperplasia
    • P. Spritzer L. Billaud Thalabard J.-C. Cyproterone acetate versus hydrocortisone treatment in late-onset adrenal hyperplasia J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70 1990 642
    • (1990) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.70 , pp. 642
    • Spritzer, P.1    Billaud, L.2    Thalabard, J.-C.3
  • 116
    • 0001698606 scopus 로고
    • Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries
    • I. Stein M. Leventhal Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries Am J Obstet Gynecol 29 1935 181
    • (1935) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.29 , pp. 181
    • Stein, I.1    Leventhal, M.2
  • 117
    • 0018292767 scopus 로고
    • The clitoral index: A bioassay of androgenic stimulation
    • G.E. Tagatz R.A. Kopher T.C. Nagel The clitoral index: A bioassay of androgenic stimulation Obstet Gynecol 54 1979 562
    • (1979) Obstet Gynecol , vol.54 , pp. 562
    • Tagatz, G.E.1    Kopher, R.A.2    Nagel, T.C.3
  • 118
    • 0029878178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular scanning of the insulin receptor gene in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • J.A. Talbot E.J. Bicknell M. Rajkhowa Molecular scanning of the insulin receptor gene in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 1996 1979
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 1979
    • Talbot, J.A.1    Bicknell, E.J.2    Rajkhowa, M.3
  • 119
    • 0030754055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of abnormal gonadotropin secretion in clinically defined women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • A.E. Taylor B. McCourt E.J. Anderson Determinants of abnormal gonadotropin secretion in clinically defined women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 1997 2248
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 2248
    • Taylor, A.E.1    McCourt, B.2    Anderson, E.J.3
  • 120
    • 84909463112 scopus 로고
    • Luteinizing hormone excretion in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • M.L. Taymor R. Barnard Luteinizing hormone excretion in the polycystic ovary syndrome Fertil Steril 13 1962 501
    • (1962) Fertil Steril , vol.13 , pp. 501
    • Taymor, M.L.1    Barnard, R.2
  • 121
    • 0028315971 scopus 로고
    • Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy
    • E.M. Velazquez S. Mendoza T. Hamer Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy Metabolism 43 1994 647
    • (1994) Metabolism , vol.43 , pp. 647
    • Velazquez, E.M.1    Mendoza, S.2    Hamer, T.3
  • 122
    • 0025736055 scopus 로고
    • Interpretations of five monoclonal immunoassays of lutropin and follitropin: Effects of normalization with WHO standard
    • I. Vermes H.A. Bonte Sluijs Veer G.V.D. Interpretations of five monoclonal immunoassays of lutropin and follitropin: Effects of normalization with WHO standard Clin Chem 37 1991 415
    • (1991) Clin Chem , vol.37 , pp. 415
    • Vermes, I.1    Bonte, H.A.2    Sluijs Veer, G.V.D.3
  • 123
    • 0023841564 scopus 로고
    • Effect of androgen on adrenal steroidogenesis in normal women
    • M. Vermesh P.D. Silva G.F. Rosen Effect of androgen on adrenal steroidogenesis in normal women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66 1988 128
    • (1988) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.66 , pp. 128
    • Vermesh, M.1    Silva, P.D.2    Rosen, G.F.3
  • 124
    • 0024244671 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of combined cyproterone acetate and percutaneous 17 beta oestradiol after six and twelve months therapy in 61 patients
    • P. Vexiau B. Gueux D. Vexiau-Robert Metabolic effects of combined cyproterone acetate and percutaneous 17 beta oestradiol after six and twelve months therapy in 61 patients Horm Metab Res 20 1988 765
    • (1988) Horm Metab Res , vol.20 , pp. 765
    • Vexiau, P.1    Gueux, B.2    Vexiau-Robert, D.3
  • 125
    • 0023870461 scopus 로고
    • Hyperfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in women with polycystic ovarian disease: Indirect evidence for partial gonadotroph desensitization
    • J. Waldstreicher N.F. Santoro J.E. Hall Hyperfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in women with polycystic ovarian disease: Indirect evidence for partial gonadotroph desensitization J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66 1988 165
    • (1988) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.66 , pp. 165
    • Waldstreicher, J.1    Santoro, N.F.2    Hall, J.E.3
  • 126
    • 0017261864 scopus 로고
    • Pulsatile gonadotropin output in menstrual dysfunction
    • A.C. Wentz G.S. Jones K. Sapp Pulsatile gonadotropin output in menstrual dysfunction Obstet Gynecol 47 1976 309
    • (1976) Obstet Gynecol , vol.47 , pp. 309
    • Wentz, A.C.1    Jones, G.S.2    Sapp, K.3
  • 127
    • 0025072437 scopus 로고
    • Clinical signs of androgen excess as risk factors for coronary artery disease
    • R.A. Wild B. Grubb A. Hartz Clinical signs of androgen excess as risk factors for coronary artery disease Fertil Steril 54 1990 255
    • (1990) Fertil Steril , vol.54 , pp. 255
    • Wild, R.A.1    Grubb, B.2    Hartz, A.3
  • 128
    • 0028823250 scopus 로고
    • Insulin action in human granulosa cells from normal and polycystic ovaries is mediated by the insulin receptor and not the type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor
    • D. Willis S. Franks Insulin action in human granulosa cells from normal and polycystic ovaries is mediated by the insulin receptor and not the type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80 1995 3788
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 3788
    • Willis, D.1    Franks, S.2
  • 129
    • 0028869786 scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomized trial comparing finasteride to spironolactone in the treatment of hirsute women
    • I.L. Wong R.S. Morris L. Chang A prospective randomized trial comparing finasteride to spironolactone in the treatment of hirsute women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80 1995 233
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 233
    • Wong, I.L.1    Morris, R.S.2    Chang, L.3
  • 130
    • 80052094959 scopus 로고
    • Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide
    • D.K. Wysowski J.P. Freiman J.B. Tourtelot Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide Ann Intern Med 119 1993 1150
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 1150
    • Wysowski, D.K.1    Freiman, J.P.2    Tourtelot, J.B.3
  • 131
    • 0018840897 scopus 로고
    • The polycystic ovary syndrome
    • S.S.C. Yen The polycystic ovary syndrome Clin Endocrinol 12 1980 177
    • (1980) Clin Endocrinol , vol.12 , pp. 177
    • Yen, S.S.C.1
  • 132
    • 0014767566 scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in polycystic ovarian disease
    • S.S.C. Yen P. Vela J. Rankin Inappropriate secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in polycystic ovarian disease J Clin Endocrinol Metab 30 1970 435
    • (1970) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.30 , pp. 435
    • Yen, S.S.C.1    Vela, P.2    Rankin, J.3
  • 133
    • 0001217801 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: Towards a rational approach
    • J.K. Zawadzki A. Dunaif Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: Towards a rational approach Dunaif A. Givens J.R. Haseltine F.P. Merriam G.R. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Current Issues in Endocrinology and Metabolism vol 4 1992 Blackwell Scientific Boston
    • (1992)
    • Zawadzki, J.K.1    Dunaif, A.2
  • 134
    • 0028786656 scopus 로고
    • Serine phosphorylation of human P450c17 increases 17,20-lyase activity: Implications for adrenarche and the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Zhang L.-H. H. Rodriguez S. Ohno Serine phosphorylation of human P450c17 increases 17,20-lyase activity: Implications for adrenarche and the polycystic ovary syndrome Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 1995 10619
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 10619
    • Zhang, L.-H.1    Rodriguez, H.2    Ohno, S.3
  • 135
    • 0018927495 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the twenty-four-hour mean plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) and the DHA to DHAS ratio in normal adults
    • B. Zumoff R.S. Rosenfield G.W. Strain Sex differences in the twenty-four-hour mean plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) and the DHA to DHAS ratio in normal adults J Clin Endocrinol Metab 51 1980 330
    • (1980) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.51 , pp. 330
    • Zumoff, B.1    Rosenfield, R.S.2    Strain, G.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.