-
3
-
-
0027038789
-
Political instability and economic growth: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa"
-
and Kwabena Gyimah-Brempong & Thomas L Traynor, Political instability and savings in less developed countries: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa, Journal of Development Studies, 32(5), 1996, pp 695-714.
-
Cf Augustin Kwasi Fosu, Political instability and economic growth: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa", Economic Development and Cultural Change, 40(4), 1992, pp 829-841; and Kwabena Gyimah-Brempong & Thomas L Traynor, Political instability and savings in less developed countries: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa, Journal of Development Studies, 32(5), 1996, pp 695-714.
-
(1992)
Economic Development and Cultural Change
, vol.40
, Issue.4
, pp. 829-841
-
-
-
5
-
-
85038541300
-
-
See JKayode Fayemi, The oil weapon: sanctions and the Nigerian military regime, report for the Nigerian opposition movement in exile, December 1995, p 13.
-
, vol.1995
, pp. 13
-
-
Sanctions1
-
6
-
-
33847487716
-
-
Control Risks Group, Outlook 97: The World in 1997, London: Control Risks Group, January 1997, p 71.
-
(1997)
Outlook
, vol.97
, pp. 1997
-
-
Group, C.R.1
-
8
-
-
85038542496
-
-
John D Daniels & Lee H Radcbaugh, International Business: Environments and Operations, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995, p 395.
-
International Business: Environments and Operations, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
, vol.1995
, pp. 395
-
-
Daniels, J.D.1
Lee Radcbaugh, H.2
-
9
-
-
85038549406
-
-
Charles Woolfson, John Foster & Matthias Beck, faying for the Piper: Capital and Labour in Britains Offshore Oil Industry, London: Mansell, 1996, pp 14-17.
-
Faying for the Piper: Capital and Labour in Britains Offshore Oil Industry, London: Mansell
, vol.1996
, pp. 14-17
-
-
Charles Woolfson, J.F.1
Beck, M.2
-
10
-
-
33847428011
-
-
See Richard W Hull, Political risk forecasting, paper presented at the Annual Conference of the African Studies Association, Los Angeles, CA, 25-28 October 1984.
-
(1984)
, vol.258
-
-
Hull, S.R.W.1
Forecasting, R.2
Association, P.P.A.3
Angeles, L.4
-
11
-
-
33847472859
-
-
See A B Assensoh, An overview of the implications of political risk forecasting in Africa: the Liberian example, paper presented at the Annual Conference of the African Studies Association, Los Angeles, CA, 25-28 October 1984.
-
(1984)
, vol.2528
-
-
Angeles, C.A.1
-
13
-
-
85038542900
-
-
Stefan H Robock & Kenneth Simmonds, International Business and Multinational Enterprises, Homewood, IL: Irwin, 1989, p 378.
-
International Business and Multinational Enterprises, Homewood, IL: Irwin
, vol.1989
, pp. 378
-
-
Robock, S.H.1
Simmonds, K.2
-
18
-
-
0000716805
-
-
See Thomas L Brewer, The instability of governments and the instability of controls on fund transfers by multinational enterprises, Journal of International Business Studies, 14, 1983, pp 147-157; and Stephen Kobrin, Managing Political Risk Assessment, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1982.
-
(1983)
Journal of International Business Studies
, vol.14
, pp. 147-157
-
-
Enterprises, T.I.1
-
19
-
-
85038552176
-
-
In some respects, El Salvador until the late 1980s is a better example than Nigeria of an investment target despite political instability. Nigeria has factor endowments that may attract foreign investment: raw materials-above all, oil and gas-and a potentially large market of 100 million people. El Salvador had no comparable factor endowments to attract business. Yet many US corporations such as Dataram were producing for export but had no or only a few sales outlets in the country, being attracted by the cheap and disciplined labour force. Sec Robock & Simmonds, International Business and Multinational Enterprises, pp 387-388.
-
International Business and Multinational Enterprises, Pp
, pp. 387-388
-
-
Raw Materials, O.1
Robock, D.L.F.2
Simmonds3
-
22
-
-
85038545748
-
-
See Dele Olowu, Centralization, self-governance and development in Nigeria in James S Wunsch & Dele Olowu (eds), 77ie Failure of the Centralized Stale, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990, pp 200-201.
-
Failure of the Centralized Stale, Boulder, CO: Westview Press
, vol.1990
, pp. 200-201
-
-
Olowu, S.D.1
Wunsch, D.I.N.2
-
24
-
-
85038543675
-
-
Veronica Nmoma. Ethnic conflict, constitutional engineering and democracy in Nigeria in Harvey Glickman (ed) Ethnic Conflict and Démocratisation in Africa, Atlanta, GA: African Studies Association Press, 1995, p 340.
-
Ethnic Conflict and Démocratisation in Africa, Atlanta, GA: African Studies Association Press
, vol.1995
, pp. 340
-
-
Veronica, H.G.1
-
25
-
-
85038547221
-
-
Donald C Williams, Accommodation in the midst of crisis? Assessing governance in Nigeria in Goran Hyden & Michael Bratton (cds), Governance and Politics in Africa, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1992, p 106.
-
Governance and Politics in Africa, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner
, vol.1992
, pp. 106
-
-
Williams, M.B.1
-
28
-
-
33847442203
-
-
Udo Udoma & Myma Belo-Osagie, The Nigerian liquefied natural gas project: current structure and future prospects, Petroleum Economist, 62, May 1995, special supplement, pp xvi-xviii.
-
(1995)
Petroleum Economist
, vol.62
-
-
Udoma, U.1
Structure, C.2
Prospects, F.3
-
31
-
-
33847478592
-
-
THISDAY (Lagos), 11 December 1996.
-
(1996)
Y (Lagos)
, vol.11
-
-
Thisda1
-
32
-
-
33847444713
-
-
The countries arc Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Egypt, Gabon, Namibia, Nigeria, Somalia, Senegal and Zaire. On Shell, sec Royal Dutch/Shell, Financial and operational information 1991-1995, London, 1996.
-
(1996)
, vol.1991
-
-
Angola, T.C.A.1
Cameroon2
Chad3
Congo4
Egypt5
Gabon6
Namibia7
Nigeria8
Somalia9
Senegal10
Shell, Z.O.11
Information, O.12
-
36
-
-
33847472858
-
-
Reuters, 15 December 1995.
-
(1995)
, vol.15
-
-
Reuters1
-
37
-
-
33847489379
-
-
Arthur Andersen, 1996 Nigeria oil and gas industry outlook survey results, Lagos, February 1997.
-
(1997)
, vol.1996
-
-
-
41
-
-
0029485506
-
-
Eghosa E Osaghae, The Ogoni uprising: oil politics, minority agitation and the future of the Nigerian state, African Affairs, 94, 1995, pp 325-344.
-
(1995)
African Affairs
, vol.94
, pp. 325-344
-
-
Oil Politics, M.A.1
State, T.F.O.2
-
45
-
-
33847443651
-
-
World Bank, Defining an Environmental Development Strategy for The Niger Delta, Volume II, Industry and Energy Operations Division, West Central Africa Department of the World Bank, 25 May 1995, Annex M.
-
(1995)
Defining an Environmental Development Strategy for the Niger Delta, Volume II, Industry and Energy Operations Division, West Central Africa Department of the World Bank
, vol.25
-
-
Bank, W.1
-
46
-
-
85038545100
-
-
See, for instance, the results of an investigation on sabotage claims in Okoro David Ogbonna, The geographic consequences of petroleum in Nigeria with special reference to the Rivers State", PhD thesis, University of California, Berkeley, published in Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, 1981, p 254.
-
, vol.1981
, pp. 254
-
-
Microfilms, U.1
-
48
-
-
33847466362
-
-
Akpezi Ogbnigwe, Legal sector, Niger Delta Environmental Survey, phase 1", Port Harcourt: Anpez Environmental Law Centre, 1996.
-
(1996)
, vol.1
-
-
Ogbnigwe, A.1
Survey, N.D.E.2
-
50
-
-
33847489750
-
-
Punch (Lagos), 24 February 1988.
-
(1988)
H (Lagos)
, vol.24
-
-
Punc1
-
51
-
-
33847465658
-
-
M Rauscher, On ecological dumping. Kiel Working Paper Series No 523, August 1992.
-
(1992)
, vol.523
-
-
Rauscher, M.1
-
52
-
-
0018331998
-
-
I Walter & J Ugelow, Environmental policies in developing countries, Ambio, 8, 1979, pp 102-109.
-
(1979)
Ambio
, vol.8
, pp. 102-109
-
-
Walter, J.1
-
58
-
-
85038543658
-
-
Udoma & Belo-Osagie, The Nigerian liquefied natural gas project".
-
-
-
Udoma1
-
59
-
-
33847433197
-
-
Adesola Adepctun & Kemi Segun, Nigeria: the liquefied natural gas project" Oil and Gas Law & Taxation Review, 13(11), 1995, pp 436-439; and Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, 20 November 1995.
-
(1995)
Oil and Gas Law & Taxation Review
, vol.13
, Issue.11
, pp. 436-439
-
-
Adepctun, A.1
Project, T.L.2
-
60
-
-
85038554894
-
-
Quinlan, Hopes pinned on LNG while oil infrastructure crumbles", p 5.
-
-
-
Quinlan1
-
63
-
-
33847454550
-
-
AFP News Agency, 31 March 1997.
-
(1997)
, vol.31
-
-
Agency, A.F.1
-
64
-
-
33847481079
-
-
Reuters, 20 August 1997.
-
(1997)
, vol.20
-
-
Reuters1
-
67
-
-
85055310244
-
-
Joseph Stanislaw & Daniel Yergin, Oil: reopening the door", Foreign Affairs, 72(4), 1993, pp 81-93.
-
(1993)
Foreign Affairs
, vol.72
, Issue.4
, pp. 81-93
-
-
Stanislaw, J.1
Door, R.T.2
-
71
-
-
33847458913
-
-
Royal Dutch/Shell, Financial and operational Information 1991-1995, London, 1996.
-
(1996)
, vol.1991
-
-
Information, O.1
-
72
-
-
33847486692
-
-
Shell Transport and Trading Company, The annual report 1995", London, 1996.
-
(1996)
, vol.1995
-
-
Transport, S.1
-
75
-
-
33847477552
-
-
P Kassler, Petroleum exploration methods, techniques and costs, paper presented at a United Nations Meeting, The Hague, 16-20 March 1981.
-
(1981)
, vol.160
-
-
Kassler, P.1
Methods, E.2
Meeting, P.P.3
Hague, T.4
-
76
-
-
85038550144
-
-
Norman J Hyne, Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Production, Tulsa, OK: PennWell, 1995, pp 14-16.
-
Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Production, Tulsa, OK: PennWell
, vol.1995
, pp. 14-16
-
-
Hyne, N.J.1
-
77
-
-
33847438602
-
-
Petroconsultants, Annual review of petroleum fiscal regimes, Geneva: Petroconsultants, 1996.
-
(1996)
-
-
Petroconsultants1
-
79
-
-
33847448621
-
-
Mirian Kene Omalu, Developments in petroleum exploration and production arrangements in Nigeria, Oil and Gas Law and Taxation Revinv, 14(2), 1996, pp 70-76.
-
(1996)
Oil and Gas Law and Taxation Revinv
, vol.14
, Issue.2
, pp. 70-76
-
-
Nigeria, P.A.I.1
-
82
-
-
85034156503
-
-
Ibid, p 94.
-
, P
, pp. 94
-
-
Ibid1
-
85
-
-
33847482547
-
-
Martin Quinlan, New look comes with new risks, Petroleum Economist, 59, March 1992, pp 21-25.
-
(1992)
Petroleum Economist
, vol.59
, pp. 21-25
-
-
-
86
-
-
0006729947
-
-
Adcsola Adepetun, Nigerias oil and gas potential", paper presented at the Africa-Upstream 96 Conference, Cape Town, 18-20 September 1996; and Lawrence Atsegbua, The assignment and revocation of oil licences and leases in Nigeria, Oil and Gas Law and Taxation Review, 15(9), 1997, pp 346-348.
-
(1997)
Oil and Gas Law and Taxation Review
, vol.15
, Issue.9
, pp. 346-348
-
-
Adcsola Adepetun, O.1
Lawrence Atsegbua, A.2
Licences, R.O.O.3
Nigeria, L.I.4
-
89
-
-
33847474268
-
-
Der Spiegel, 35, 1996.
-
(1996)
R Spiegel
, vol.35
-
-
De1
-
90
-
-
85038545626
-
-
Cyril Obi & Kayode Sorcmekun, Oil and the Nigerian state: an overview, in Kayode Soremekun (cd) Perspectives on the Nigerian Oil Industry, Lagos: Amkra Books, 1995, p 22.
-
Perspectives on the Nigerian Oil Industry, Lagos: Amkra Books
, vol.1995
, pp. 22
-
-
Obi, C.1
State, T.N.2
An Overview, I.K.3
-
91
-
-
33847476098
-
-
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Annual statistical bulletin January-December 1985, Lagos, January, 1986.
-
(1986)
, vol.1985
-
-
-
93
-
-
85038550704
-
-
Conclusions of the Nineteenth Meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Federation of Nigeria held on . July 22, 1959, CO1039/108, Public Record Office, London, Kew.
-
(1959)
, vol.22
-
-
July, C.O.1
-
95
-
-
85038543200
-
-
Arthur Andersen, 1996 Nigeria oil and gas industry outlook survey results.
-
, vol.1996
-
-
-
99
-
-
85038541335
-
-
K R H (initials of unknown author), Some notes on the administration departments of the Shell DArcy Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, 22 May 1954, BP 52584, British Petroleum Archive.
-
British Petroleum Archive.
-
-
-
102
-
-
85038550526
-
-
Human Rights Watch/Africa, Nigeria, the Ogoni crisis: a case-study of military repression in Southeastern Nigeria, New York, 1995, pp 9, 38.
-
, vol.1995
, pp. 938
-
-
Human Rights, T.O.C.1
Ceria, N.Y.2
-
103
-
-
33847448362
-
-
PEN Center USA Shell survey, 14 February 1994, p 5.
-
(1994)
, vol.14
, pp. 5
-
-
Survey, P.E.N.1
-
104
-
-
33847423938
-
-
World Council of Churches, Ogoni: the struggle continues, Geneva: World Council of Churches, Programme Unit III, December 1996.
-
(1996)
-
-
-
105
-
-
33847425684
-
-
Record of a confidential meeting held between the High Commissioner Alhaji Abubakar Alhaji and four senior officials of Shell International Petroleum Company Ltd (sire). Shell Centre, London, 16 March 1995. A J C Brack was SIPCS Group Public Affairs Coordinator at the time.
-
(1995)
, vol.16
-
-
Alhaji, R.O.1
-
109
-
-
0021452268
-
-
Bernard Taylor, Strategic planning-which style do you need?, Long Range Planning, 17, March 1984, pp 51-62.
-
(1984)
Long Range Planning
, vol.17
, pp. 51-62
-
-
-
115
-
-
21344497329
-
-
Angellen G Z Kemna, Case studies on real options, Financial Management, 22, 1993, pp 259-270.
-
(1993)
Financial Management
, vol.22
, pp. 259-270
-
-
Kemna, A.G.Z.1
-
116
-
-
33847422477
-
-
Note of a meeting in London on 3 October 1995, those present: John Barry (Area Coordinator, Western Hemisphere and Africa, Shell International), Alan Detheridge (Area Coordinator and Regional Finance Western Hemisphere and African Regional Organisation, Shell International, Board Member of SPDC, Nigeria) and Professor John Heath.
-
(1995)
, vol.3
-
-
On, N.O.1
|