The N400 in a semantic categorization task across 6 decades

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology - Evoked Potentials

Volumn 108, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 456-471

  Kutas, Marta ^a,b   Iragui, Vicente ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Event related potential; N400 semantic congruity effect; Semantic categorization

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MENTAL TASK; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITATIVE DIAGNOSIS; QUANTITATIVE DIAGNOSIS; RELIABILITY; SEMANTICS; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ASSOCIATION LEARNING; COGNITION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY; EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY; EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OCCIPITAL LOBE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 0031693169     PISSN: 01685597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-5597(98)00023-9     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Arranz, B., Blennow, K., Ekman, R., Eriksson, A., Mansson, J.E. and Marcusson, J. Brain monoaminergic and neuropeptidergic variations in human aging. J. Neural Trans., 1996, 103 (1-2): 101-115.
2. Balota, D.A., Black, S.R. and Cheney, M. Automatic and attentional priming in young and older adults: reevaluation of the two-process model. J. Exp. Psychol.: Human Perception Performance, 1992, 18 (2): 485-502.
3. Barnes, C.A. Normal aging: regionally specific changes in hippocampal synaptic transmission. Trends Neurosci., 1994, 17: 13-18.
4. Becker, C.A. Semantic context effects in visual word recognition: an analysis of semantic strategies. Mem. Cognit., 1980, 8: 493-512.
5. Becker, C.A. The development of semantic context effects: two processes or two strategies? Reading Res. Quart., 1982, 17: 482-502.
6. Besson, M. and Kutas, M. The many facets of repetition: a cued-recall and event-related potential analysis of repeating words in same versus different sentence contexts. J. Exp. Psychol.: Learning, Memory, Cognition, 1993, 19 (5): 1115-1133.
7. Birren, J.E. and Fisher, L.M. Aging and speed of behavior: possible consequences for psychological functioning. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 1995, 46: 329-353.
8. Boddy, J. Event-related potentials in chronometric analysis of primed word recognition with different stimulus onset asynchronies. Psychophysiology, 1986, 23: 232-245.
9. Botwinick, J., West, R. and Storandt, M. Qualitative vocabulary test responses and age. J. Gerontol., 1975, 30 (5): 574-577.
10. Bowles, N.L. and Poon, L.W. Aging and retrieval of words in semantic memory. J. Gerontol., 1985, 40: 71-77.
11. Burke, D.M., White, H. and Diaz, D.L. Semantic priming in young and older adults: evidence for age constancy in automatic and attentional processes. J. Exp. Psychol.: Human Perception Performance, 1987, 13: 79-88.
12. Byrd, M. Age differences in the retrieval of information from semantic memory. Exp. Aging Res., 1984, 10: 29-33.
13. Cerella, J. and Fozard, J.L. Lexical access and age. Dev. Psychol., 1984, 20 (2): 235-243.
14. Chapman, L.J., Chapman, J.P., Curran, T.E. and Miller, M.B. Do children and the elderly show heightened semantic priming? How to answer the question. Dev. Review, 1994, 14: 159-185.
15. Cohen, G. Recognition and retrieval of proper names: age differences in the fan effect. Eur. J. Cog. Psychol. (special issue: cognitive gerontology), 1990, 2 (3): 193-204.
16. Curran, T., Tucker, D.M., Kutas, M. and Posner, M.I. Topography of the N400: brain electrical activity reflecting semantic expectancy. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1993, 88 (3): 188-209.
17. de Groot, A.M.B. The locus of the associative-priming effect in the mental lexicon. In: D.A. Balota, G.B. Flores d'Arcais and K. Rayner (Eds.), Comprehension Processes in Reading. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1990, pp. 101-123.
18. Fischler, I., Bloom, P.A., Childers, D.G., Roucos, S.E. and Perry, N.W. Jr. Brain potentials related to stages of sentence verification. Psychophysiology, 1983, 20: 400-409.
19. Fischler, I., Childers, D.G., Achariyapaopan, T. and Perry, N.W. Jr. Brain potentials during sentence verification: automatic aspects of comprehension. Biol. Psychol., 1985, 21: 83-106.
20. Fischler, I. and Raney, G.E. Language by eye: behavioral and psychophysiological approaches to reading. In: J.R. Jennings and M.G.H. Coles (Eds.), Handbook of Cognitive Psychophysiology: Central and Autonomic Nervous System Approaches. John Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1991, pp. 511-574.
21. Flood, D.G. Critical issues in the analysis of dendritic extent in aging humans, primates, and rodents. Neurobiol. Aging, 1993, 14: 649-654.
22. Ford, J.M., Woodward, S.H., Sullivan, E.V., Isaacks, B.G., Tinklenberg, J.R., Yesavage, J.A. and Roth, W.T. N400 evidence of abnormal responses to speech in Alzheimer's disease. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1996, 99 (3): 235-246.
23. Fulop, T. Jr. and Seres, I. Age-related changes in signal transduction. Implications for neuronal transmission and potential for drug intervention. Drugs Aging, 1994, 5 (5): 366-390.
24. Gareri, P., Mattace, R., Nava, F. and De Sarro, G. Role of calcium in brain aging. Gen. Pharmacol., 1995, 26 (8): 1651-1657.
25. Gerard, L., Zacks, R.T., Hasher, L. and Radvansky, G.A. Age deficits in retrieval: the fan effect. J. Gerontol., 1991, 46 (4): 131-136.
26. Goldman, J.E., Calingasan, D.V.M. and Gibson, G.E. Aging and the brain. Curr. Opin. Neurol., 1994, 7: 287-293.
27. Gonzalez-Garrido, A.A., Oropeza de Alba, J.L., Riestra Castaneda, R., Riestra Castaneda, J.M., Perez Avalos, M.C. and Valdes Sosa, M. Event related brain potentials to semantically incongruent words in children of different ages. Arch. Med. Res., 1997, 28 (1): 109-113.
28. Gunter, T.C., Jackson, J.L. and Mulder, G. An electrophysiological study of semantic processing in young and middle-aged academics. Psychophysiology, 1992, 29 (1): 38-54.
29. Gunter, T.C., Jackson, J.L. and Mulder, G. Language, memory, and aging: an electrophysiological exploration of The N400 during reading of memory-demanding sentences. Psychophysiology, 1995, 32 (3): 215-229.
30. Gunter, T.C., Jackson, J.L. and Mulder, G. Focusing on aging: an electrophysiological exploration of spatial and attentional processing during reading. Biol. Psychol., 1996, 43 (2): 103-145.
31. Harbin, T.J., Marsh, G.R. and Harvey, M.T. Differences in the late components of the event-related potential due to age and to semantic and non-semantic tasks. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1984, 59: 489-496.
32. Heinze, H.-J., Muente, T.F. and Kutas, M. Context effects in a category verification task as assessed by event-related brain potential (ERP) measures, Biol. Psychol., 1998, 47 (2): 121-155.
33. Hof, P.R., Glannakopoulos, P. and Bouras, C. The neuropathological changes associated with normal brain aging. Histol. Histopathol., 1996, 11 (4): 1075-1088.
34. Holcomb, P.J., Coffey, S.A. and Neville, H.J. Visual and auditory sentence processing: a developmental analysis using event-related brain potentials. Dev. Neuropsychol., 1992, 8 (2-3): 203-241.
35. Howard, D.V. Aging and memory activation: the priming of semantic and episodic memories. In: L.L. Light and D.M. Burke (Eds.), Language, Memory, and Aging. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1988, pp. 77-99.
36. Howard, D.V., Shaw, R.J. and Heise, J.E. Aging and time course of semantic activation. J. Gerontol., 1986, 41 (2): 195-203.
37. Iragui, V., Kutas, M. and Salmon, D.P. Event-related brain potentials during semantic categorization in normal aging and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1996, 100 (5): 392-406.
38. Juottonen, K., Revonsuo, A. and Lang, H. Dissimilar age influences on two ERP waveforms (LPC and N400) reflecting semantic context effect. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res., 1996, 4 (2): 99-107.
39. Keselman, H.J. and Rogan, J.C. Repeated measures F tests and psychophysiological research: controlling the number of false positives. Psychophysiology, 1980, 17: 499-503.
40. Kounios, J. and Holcomb, P.J. Structure and process in semantic memory (II): evidence from event-related brain potentials and reaction times. J. Exp. Psychol.: General, 1992, 121 (4): 459-479.
41. Kutas, M. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited during rapid serial visual presentation of congruous and incongruous sentences. In: R. Johnson, Jr., J.W. Rohrbaugh and R. Parasuraman (Eds.), Current Trends in Event-Related Brain Potential Research, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1987, Suppl. 40: 406-411.
42. Kutas, M. and Hillyard, S.A. Reading senseless sentences: brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. Science, 1980, 207: 203-205.
43. Kutas, M. and Hillyard, S.A. Event-related brain potentials to grammatical errors and semantic anomalies. Mem. Cognit., 1983, 11 (5): 539-550.
44. Kutas, M. and Hillyard, S.A. Brain potentials reflect word expectancy and semantic association during reading. Nature, 1984, 307: 161-163.
45. Kutas, M. and Hillyard, S.A. An electrophysiological probe of incidental semantic association. J. Cogn. Neurol., 1989, 1 (1): 38-49.
46. Kutas, M., Hillyard, S.A. and Gazzaniga, M.S. Processing of semantic anomaly by right and left hemispheres of commissurotomy patients: evidence from event-related brain potentials. Brain, 1988, 111: 553-576.
47. Kutas, M., Lindamood, T.E. and Hillyard, S.A. Word expectancy and event-related brain potentials during sentence processing. In: S. Kornblum and J. Requin (Eds.), Preparatory States and Processes, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1984, pp. 217-237.
48. Kutas, M. and Van Petten, C. Psycholinguistics electrified: event-related potential investigations. In: M.A. Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1994, pp. 83-143.
49. Laver, G.D. and Burke, D.M. Why do semantic priming effects increase in old age? A meta-analysis. Psychol. Aging, 1993, 8 (1): 34-43.
50. Manaye, K.F., McIntire, D.D., Mann, D.M. and German, D.C. Locus coeruleus cell loss in the aging human brain: a non-random process. J. Comp. Neurol., 1995, 358 (1): 79-87.
51. McCarthy, G. and Wood, C.C. Scalp distributions of event-related potentials: an ambiguity associated with analysis of variance models. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1985, 62: 203-208.
52. McCarthy, G., Nobre, A.C., Bentin, S. and Spencer, D.D. Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe. I. Intracranial distribution and neural generators. J. Neurosci., 1995, 15 (2): 1080-1089.
53. Milberg, W. and Blumstein, S.E. Lexical decision and aphasia: evidence for semantic processing. Brain Lang., 1981, 14 (2): 371-385.
54. Mueller, H.M., King, J.W. and Kutas, M. Event related potentials elicited by spoken relative clauses. Cogn. Brain Res., 1997, 5 (3): 193-203.
55. Nebes, R.D. Semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease. Psychol. Bull., 1989, 106 (3): 377-394.
56. Neely, J.H. Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: a selective review of current findings and theories. In: D. Besner and G.W. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic Processes in Reading: Visual Word Recognition. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991, pp. 264-336.
57. Neville, H.J., Kutas, M., Chesney, G. and Schmidt, A. Event-related brain potentials during initial encoding and subsequent recognition memory of congruous and incongruous words. J. Mem. Lang., 1986, 25: 75-92.
58. Nobre, A.C. and McCarthy, G. Language-related ERPs: scalp distributions and modulation by word type and semantic priming. J. Cogn. Neurol., 1994, 6 (3): 233-255.
59. Nobre, A.C., Allison, T. and McCarthy, G. Word recognition in the human inferior temporal lobe. Nature, 1994, 372 (6503): 260-263.
60. Nyberg, L., Backman, L., Erngrund, K., Olofsson, U. and Nilsson, L.G. Age differences in episodic memory, semantic memory, and priming: relationships to demographic, intellectual, and biological factors. J. Gerontol.: Series B: Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., 1996, 51B (4): 234-240.
61. O'Dowd, S.C. Does vocabulary decline qualitatively in old age? Educ. Gerontol., 1984, 10 (4-5): 357-368.
62. Petros, T.V., Zehr, H. and Cabot, R.J. Adult age differences in accessing and retrieving information from longterm memory. J. Gerontol., 1983, 38 (5): 589-592.
63. Polich, J. Semantic categorization and event-related potentials. Brain Lang., 1985, 26 (2): 304-321.
64. Rabinowitz, J.C. Priming in episodic memory. J. Gerontol., 1986, 41: 204-213.
65. Rohrer, D. and Wixted, J.T. An analysis of latency and interresponse time in free recall. Mem. Cognit., 1994, 22 (5): 511-524.
66. Scheibel, A.B. Structural and functional changes in the aging brain. In: J.E. Birren, K.W. Schaie, R.P. Abeles, M. Gatz and T.A. Salthouse (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging (4th edn.), the Handbooks of Aging. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1996, pp. 105-128.
67. Schwartz, T.J., Kutas, M., Butters, N., Paulsen, J. and Salmon, D.P. Electrophysiological insights into the nature of the semantic deficit in Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychology, 1996, 34 (8): 827-841.
68. St. George, M., Mannes, S. and Hoffman, J.E. Global semantic expectancy and language comprehension. J. Cogn. Neurol., 1994, 6 (1): 70-83.
69. Van Petten, C. and Kutas, M. Electrophysiological evidence for the flexibility of lexical processing. In: G. Simpson (Ed.), Word and Sentence. North-Holland Press, Amsterdam, 1991a, pp. 129-174.
70. Van Petten, C. and Kutas, M. Influences of semantic and syntactic context on open and closed class words. Mem. Cognit., 1991b, 19: 95-112.
71. Van Petten, C., Kutas, M., Kluender, R., Mitchiner, M. and McIsaac, H.K. Fractionating the word repetition effect with event-related potentials. J. Cogn. Neurol., 1991, 3 (2): 131-150.
72. Woodward, S.H., Ford, J.M. and Hammett, S.C. N4 to spoken sentences in young and older subjects. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 1993, 87: 306-320.
73. Ylikoski, R., Ylikoski, A., Erkinjuntti, T., Sulkava, R., Raininko, R. and Tilvis, R. White matter changes in healthy elderly persons correlate with attention and speed of mental processing. Arch. Neurol., 1993, 50 (8): 818-824.