메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 1016-1030

Heterochrony and developmental innovation: Evolution of female gametophyte ontogeny in Gnetum, a highly apomorphic seed plant

Author keywords

Developmental innovation; Female gametophyte; Fertilization; Gnetum; Heterochrony; Seed plants

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; ONTOGENY; SEED;

EID: 0031691690     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01830.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 0003079869 scopus 로고
    • Problems with the interpretation of developmental sequences
    • ALBERCH, P. 1985. Problems with the interpretation of developmental sequences. Syst. Zool. 34:46-58.
    • (1985) Syst. Zool. , vol.34 , pp. 46-58
    • Alberch, P.1
  • 2
    • 0029792121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary patterns in ontogenetic transformation: From laws to regularities
    • ALBERCH, P., AND M. J. BLANCO. 1996. Evolutionary patterns in ontogenetic transformation: from laws to regularities. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 40:845-858.
    • (1996) Int. J. Dev. Biol. , vol.40 , pp. 845-858
    • Alberch, P.1    Blanco, M.J.2
  • 4
    • 0000094504 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the life history of Macrozamia reidlei
    • BAIRD, A. M. 1939. A contribution to the life history of Macrozamia reidlei. J. Proc. R. Soc. W. Aust. 25:153-175.
    • (1939) J. Proc. R. Soc. W. Aust. , vol.25 , pp. 153-175
    • Baird, A.M.1
  • 5
    • 0346162012 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the life cycle of Macrozamia spiralis Miq
    • BROUGH, M. A., AND M. H. TAYLOR. 1940. An investigation of the life cycle of Macrozamia spiralis Miq. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 65:494-523.
    • (1940) Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , vol.65 , pp. 494-523
    • Brough, M.A.1    Taylor, M.H.2
  • 6
    • 0029174250 scopus 로고
    • Double fertilization in Gnetum gnemon: The relationship between the cell cycle and sexual reproduction
    • CARMICHAEL, J. C., AND W. E. FRIEDMAN. 1995. Double fertilization in Gnetum gnemon: the relationship between the cell cycle and sexual reproduction. Plant Cell 7:1975-1988.
    • (1995) Plant Cell , vol.7 , pp. 1975-1988
    • Carmichael, J.C.1    Friedman, W.E.2
  • 7
    • 0030441141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double fertilization in Gnetum gnemon (Gnetaceae): Its bearing on the evolution of sexual reproduction within the anthophyte clade
    • _. 1996. Double fertilization in Gnetum gnemon (Gnetaceae): its bearing on the evolution of sexual reproduction within the anthophyte clade. Am. J. Bot. 83:776-780.
    • (1996) Am. J. Bot. , vol.83 , pp. 776-780
  • 8
    • 0005718248 scopus 로고
    • The ovule and female gametophyte of Dioon
    • CHAMBERLAIN, C. J. 1906. The ovule and female gametophyte of Dioon. Bot. Gaz. 42:321-358.
    • (1906) Bot. Gaz. , vol.42 , pp. 321-358
    • Chamberlain, C.J.1
  • 10
    • 0029057319 scopus 로고
    • The phylogenetic positions of the conifer genera Amentotaxus, Phyllocladus, and Nageia inferred from 18S ribosomal-RNA sequences
    • CHAW, S. M., H. M. SUNG, H. LONG, A. ZHARKIKH, AND W. H. LI. 1995. The phylogenetic positions of the conifer genera Amentotaxus, Phyllocladus, and Nageia inferred from 18S ribosomal-RNA sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 41:224-230.
    • (1995) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.41 , pp. 224-230
    • Chaw, S.M.1    Sung, H.M.2    Long, H.3    Zharkikh, A.4    Li, W.H.5
  • 11
    • 0001105343 scopus 로고
    • Development of the pollen tube in Zamia furfuracea and its evolutionary implications
    • CHOI, J. S., AND W. E. FRIEDMAN. 1991. Development of the pollen tube in Zamia furfuracea and its evolutionary implications. Am. J. Bot. 78:544-560.
    • (1991) Am. J. Bot. , vol.78 , pp. 544-560
    • Choi, J.S.1    Friedman, W.E.2
  • 12
    • 0019479971 scopus 로고
    • Mithramycin and 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-DNA staining for fluorescence microspectrophotometric measurement of DNA in nuclei, plastids, and virus particles
    • COLEMAN, A. W., M. J. MAGUIRE, AND J. R. COLEMAN. 1981. Mithramycin and 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-DNA staining for fluorescence microspectrophotometric measurement of DNA in nuclei, plastids, and virus particles. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 29:959-968.
    • (1981) J. Histochem. Cytochem. , vol.29 , pp. 959-968
    • Coleman, A.W.1    Maguire, M.J.2    Coleman, J.R.3
  • 13
    • 0346820041 scopus 로고
    • The embryo sac and embryo of Gnetum gnemon
    • COULTER, J. M. 1909. The embryo sac and embryo of Gnetum gnemon. Bot. Gaz. 46:43-49.
    • (1909) Bot. Gaz. , vol.46 , pp. 43-49
    • Coulter, J.M.1
  • 14
    • 70349357450 scopus 로고
    • Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • _. 1914. The evolution of sex in plants. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1914) The Evolution of Sex in Plants
  • 15
    • 0000863074 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of seed plants and the origin of angiosperms
    • CRANE, P. R. 1985. Phylogenetic analysis of seed plants and the origin of angiosperms. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 72:716-793.
    • (1985) Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. , vol.72 , pp. 716-793
    • Crane, P.R.1
  • 16
    • 33646298637 scopus 로고
    • Nucelle, gamétophyte femelle et embryon chez Encephalartos poggei Asch
    • DE SLOOVER, J. L. 1963. Nucelle, gamétophyte femelle et embryon chez Encephalartos poggei Asch. Cellule 64:149-200.
    • (1963) Cellule , vol.64 , pp. 149-200
    • De Sloover, J.L.1
  • 17
    • 0002182630 scopus 로고
    • Development and the evolution of plant reproductive characters
    • R. E. Wyatt, éd. Chapman and Hall, New York
    • DIGGLE, P. K. 1992. Development and the evolution of plant reproductive characters. Pp. 326-355 in R. E. Wyatt, éd. Ecology and evolution of plant reproduction. Chapman and Hall, New York.
    • (1992) Ecology and Evolution of Plant Reproduction , pp. 326-355
    • Diggle, P.K.1
  • 18
    • 0024927549 scopus 로고
    • Phytogenies and the analysis of evolutionary sequences with examples from seed plants
    • DONOGHUE, M. J. 1989. Phytogenies and the analysis of evolutionary sequences with examples from seed plants. Evolution 43:1137-1156.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1137-1156
    • Donoghue, M.J.1
  • 19
    • 0002966632 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of endosperm: A phylogenetic account
    • R. E. Wyatt, ed. Chapman and Hall, New York
    • DONOGHUE, M. J., AND S. M. SCHEINER. 1992. The evolution of endosperm: a phylogenetic account. Pp. 356-389 in R. E. Wyatt, ed. Ecology and evolution of plant reproduction. Chapman and Hall, New York.
    • (1992) Ecology and Evolution of Plant Reproduction , pp. 356-389
    • Donoghue, M.J.1    Scheiner, S.M.2
  • 20
    • 0030431040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed plant phylogeny and the relationships of Gnetales
    • DOYLE, J. A. 1996. Seed plant phylogeny and the relationships of Gnetales. Int. J. Plant Sci. 157:S3-S39.
    • (1996) Int. J. Plant Sci. , vol.157
    • Doyle, J.A.1
  • 21
    • 0032087222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecules, morphology, fossils, and the relationship of angiosperms and Gnetales
    • In press
    • _. 1998. Molecules, morphology, fossils, and the relationship of angiosperms and Gnetales. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. In press.
    • (1998) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
  • 22
    • 0001234321 scopus 로고
    • Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of angiosperms: An experimental cladistic approach
    • DOYLE, J. A., AND M. J. DONOGHUE. 1986. Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of angiosperms: an experimental cladistic approach. Bot. Rev. 52:321-431.
    • (1986) Bot. Rev. , vol.52 , pp. 321-431
    • Doyle, J.A.1    Donoghue, M.J.2
  • 23
    • 0001858968 scopus 로고
    • Fossils and seed plant phylogeny reanalyzed
    • _. 1992. Fossils and seed plant phylogeny reanalyzed. Brittonia 44:89-106.
    • (1992) Brittonia , vol.44 , pp. 89-106
  • 24
    • 0028080696 scopus 로고
    • Integration of morphological and ribosomal RNA data on the origin of angiosperms
    • DOYLE, J. A., M. J. DONOGHUE, AND E. A. ZIMMER. 1994. Integration of morphological and ribosomal RNA data on the origin of angiosperms. Ann Mo. Bot. Gard. 81:419-450.
    • (1994) Ann Mo. Bot. Gard. , vol.81 , pp. 419-450
    • Doyle, J.A.1    Donoghue, M.J.2    Zimmer, E.A.3
  • 27
    • 0009641009 scopus 로고
    • Contribution a l' étude de la reproduction chez le Ginkgo biloba
    • FAVRE-DUCHARTRE, M. 1956. Contribution a l' étude de la reproduction chez le Ginkgo biloba. Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. 17:1-218.
    • (1956) Rev. Cytol. Biol. Vég. , vol.17 , pp. 1-218
    • Favre-Duchartre, M.1
  • 28
    • 0343368914 scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo, an oviparous plant
    • _. 1958. Ginkgo, an oviparous plant. Phytomorphology 8:377-390.
    • (1958) Phytomorphology , vol.8 , pp. 377-390
  • 29
    • 0004664753 scopus 로고
    • A propos des gamétophytes femelles et des archégones des plantes ovulées
    • e series) 6:157-182.
    • (1965) e Series) , vol.6 , pp. 157-182
  • 30
    • 3542994588 scopus 로고
    • Les gemétophytes femelles parasitant les nucelles des plantes ovulées
    • _. 1978. Les gemétophytes femelles parasitant les nucelles des plantes ovulées. Soc. Bot. France, Actual. Bot. 1/2:215-218.
    • (1978) Soc. Bot. France, Actual. Bot. , vol.1-2 , pp. 215-218
  • 31
    • 3543015076 scopus 로고
    • Time relations and sexual reproduction in Cichorium and other angiosperms as compared with archegoniates
    • _. 1979. Time relations and sexual reproduction in Cichorium and other angiosperms as compared with archegoniates. Phytomorphology 20:166-178.
    • (1979) Phytomorphology , vol.20 , pp. 166-178
  • 32
    • 3543014476 scopus 로고
    • Homologies and phylogenies
    • Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • _. 1984. Homologies and phylogenies. Pp. 697-734 in B. M. Johri, ed. The embryology of angiosperms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    • (1984) The Embryology of Angiosperms , pp. 697-734
    • Johri, B.M.1
  • 33
    • 84971895414 scopus 로고
    • The conceptual relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny
    • FINK, W. L. 1982. The conceptual relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny. Paleobiology 8:254-264.
    • (1982) Paleobiology , vol.8 , pp. 254-264
    • Fink, W.L.1
  • 34
    • 0029135913 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of antifading reagents for fluorescence microscopy
    • FLORUN, R. J., J. SLATS, H. J. TANKE, AND A. J. RAAP. 1995. Analysis of antifading reagents for fluorescence microscopy. Cytometry 19:177-182.
    • (1995) Cytometry , vol.19 , pp. 177-182
    • Florun, R.J.1    Slats, J.2    Tanke, H.J.3    Raap, A.J.4
  • 35
    • 0001014022 scopus 로고
    • Growth and development of the male gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba within the ovule (in vivo)
    • FRIEDMAN, W. E. 1987a. Growth and development of the male gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba within the ovule (in vivo). Am. J. Bot. 74:1797-1815.
    • (1987) Am. J. Bot. , vol.74 , pp. 1797-1815
    • Friedman, W.E.1
  • 36
    • 0000279022 scopus 로고
    • Morphogenesis and experimental aspects of growth and development of the male gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba in vitro
    • _. 1987b. Morphogenesis and experimental aspects of growth and development of the male gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba in vitro. Am. J. Bot. 74:1816-1830.
    • (1987) Am. J. Bot. , vol.74 , pp. 1816-1830
  • 37
    • 0002293407 scopus 로고
    • Double fertilization in Ephedra trifurca, a non-flowering seed plant: The relationship between fertilization events and the cell cycle
    • _. 1991. Double fertilization in Ephedra trifurca, a non-flowering seed plant: the relationship between fertilization events and the cell cycle. Protoplasma 165:106-120.
    • (1991) Protoplasma , vol.165 , pp. 106-120
  • 38
    • 0027470362 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary history of the seed plant male gametophyte
    • _. 1993. The evolutionary history of the seed plant male gametophyte. Trends Ecol. Evol. 8:15-21.
    • (1993) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 15-21
  • 39
    • 0031949240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of double fertilization and endosperm: An "historical" perspective
    • _. 1998. The evolution of double fertilization and endosperm: an "historical" perspective. Sex. Plant Reprod. 11:6-16.
    • (1998) Sex. Plant Reprod. , vol.11 , pp. 6-16
  • 40
    • 0030430275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of fertilization patterns in Gnetales: Implications for understanding reproductive diversification among anthophytes
    • FRIEDMAN, W. E., AND J. S. CARMICHAEL. 1996. Evolution of fertilization patterns in Gnetales: implications for understanding reproductive diversification among anthophytes. Int. J. Plant Sci. 157:S77-S94.
    • (1996) Int. J. Plant Sci. , vol.157
    • Friedman, W.E.1    Carmichael, J.S.2
  • 41
    • 0010300567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the male gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba: A window into the reproductive biology of early seed plants
    • T. Hori, ed. Springer Verlag, Tokyo
    • FRIEDMAN, W. E., AND E. M. GIFFORD. 1997. Development of the male gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba: a window into the reproductive biology of early seed plants. Pp. 29-49 in T. Hori, ed. Ginkgo biloba - a global treasure. Springer Verlag, Tokyo.
    • (1997) Ginkgo Biloba - a Global Treasure , pp. 29-49
    • Friedman, W.E.1    Gifford, E.M.2
  • 43
    • 0030052344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noncoding sequences from the slowly evolving chloroplast inverted repeat in addition to rbcL data do not support gnetalean affinities of angiosperms
    • GOREMYKIN, V., V. BOBRAVA, J. PAHNKE, A. TROITSKY, A. ANTONOV, AND W. MARTIN. 1996. Noncoding sequences from the slowly evolving chloroplast inverted repeat in addition to rbcL data do not support gnetalean affinities of angiosperms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13:383-396.
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 383-396
    • Goremykin, V.1    Bobrava, V.2    Pahnke, J.3    Troitsky, A.4    Antonov, A.5    Martin, W.6
  • 45
    • 0000325920 scopus 로고
    • Heterochrony in plants: The intersection of evolution ecology and ontogeny
    • M. L. McKinney, ed. Plenum Press, New York
    • GUERRANT, E. O. 1988. Heterochrony in plants: the intersection of evolution ecology and ontogeny. Pp. 111-134 in M. L. McKinney, ed. Heterochrony in evolution. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1988) Heterochrony in Evolution , pp. 111-134
    • Guerrant, E.O.1
  • 46
    • 0024876504 scopus 로고
    • Selective forces in the emergence of the seed habit
    • HAIG, D., AND M. WESTOBY. 1989. Selective forces in the emergence of the seed habit. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 38:215-238.
    • (1989) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.38 , pp. 215-238
    • Haig, D.1    Westoby, M.2
  • 48
    • 0001902329 scopus 로고
    • How do embryos measure time?
    • K. J. McNamara, ed. Wiley, New York
    • HALL, B. K., AND T. MIYAKE. 1995. How do embryos measure time? Pp. 3-20 in K. J. McNamara, ed. Evolutionary change and heterochrony. Wiley, New York.
    • (1995) Evolutionary Change and Heterochrony , pp. 3-20
    • Hall, B.K.1    Miyake, T.2
  • 49
    • 0002780775 scopus 로고
    • Ribosornal RNA as a phylogenetic tool in plant systematics
    • P. S. Soltis, D. E. Soltis, J. J. Koyle, eds. Chapman and Hall, New York
    • HAMBY, R. K., AND E. A. ZIMMER. 1992. Ribosornal RNA as a phylogenetic tool in plant systematics. Pp. 50-91 in P. S. Soltis, D. E. Soltis, J. J. Koyle, eds. Molecular systematics of plants. Chapman and Hall, New York.
    • (1992) Molecular Systematics of Plants , pp. 50-91
    • Hamby, R.K.1    Zimmer, E.A.2
  • 50
    • 0027133373 scopus 로고
    • Miniaturization of body size: Organismal consequences and evolutionary significance
    • HANKEN, J. H., AND D. B. WAKE. 1993. Miniaturization of body size: organismal consequences and evolutionary significance. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24:501-519.
    • (1993) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.24 , pp. 501-519
    • Hanken, J.H.1    Wake, D.B.2
  • 51
    • 51249164514 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships in Gnetophyta deduced from rbcL gene sequences
    • HASEBE, M., M. ITO, R. KOFUJI, K. IWATSUKI, AND K. UEDA. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships in Gnetophyta deduced from rbcL gene sequences. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 105:385-391.
    • (1992) Bot. Mag. Tokyo , vol.105 , pp. 385-391
    • Hasebe, M.1    Ito, M.2    Kofuji, R.3    Iwatsuki, K.4    Ueda, K.5
  • 52
    • 0001358365 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of ontogenetic evolution in perianth diversification of Besseya (Scrophulariaceae)
    • HUFFORD, L. 1995. Patterns of ontogenetic evolution in perianth diversification of Besseya (Scrophulariaceae). Am. J. Bot. 82:655-680.
    • (1995) Am. J. Bot. , vol.82 , pp. 655-680
    • Hufford, L.1
  • 53
    • 0002648775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic evolution, clade diversification, and homoplasy
    • M. J. Sanderson and L. Hufford, eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • _. 1996. Ontogenetic evolution, clade diversification, and homoplasy. Pp. 271-301 in M. J. Sanderson and L. Hufford, eds. Homoplasy: the recurrence of similarity in evolution. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (1996) Homoplasy: the Recurrence of Similarity in Evolution , pp. 271-301
  • 54
    • 0001945111 scopus 로고
    • The characteristics of ontogeny
    • C. J. Humphries, ed. Columbia Univ. Press, New York
    • KLUGE, A. G. 1988. The characteristics of ontogeny. Pp. 57-82 in C. J. Humphries, ed. Ontogeny and systematics. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1988) Ontogeny and Systematics , pp. 57-82
    • Kluge, A.G.1
  • 55
    • 0008526448 scopus 로고
    • Spermatogenesis and oogenesis in Ephedra trifurca
    • LAND, W. J. G. 1904. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis in Ephedra trifurca. Bot. Gaz. 38:1-18.
    • (1904) Bot. Gaz. , vol.38 , pp. 1-18
    • Land, W.J.G.1
  • 56
    • 1642318237 scopus 로고
    • Fertilization and embryogeny in Ephedra trifurca
    • _. 1907. Fertilization and embryogeny in Ephedra trifurca. Bot, Gaz. 44:273-292.
    • (1907) Bot, Gaz. , vol.44 , pp. 273-292
  • 57
    • 0024659315 scopus 로고
    • Developmental processes, developmental sequences and early vertebrate phylogeny
    • LANGILLE, R. M., AND B. K. HALL. 1989. Developmental processes, developmental sequences and early vertebrate phylogeny. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 64:73-91.
    • (1989) Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. , vol.64 , pp. 73-91
    • Langille, R.M.1    Hall, B.K.2
  • 58
    • 3543028737 scopus 로고
    • Étude sur les Gnétales. XII. Ovule, gamétophyte femelle et embryogenèse chez Ephedra distachya L
    • LEHMANN-BAERTS, M. 1967. Étude sur les Gnétales. XII. Ovule, gamétophyte femelle et embryogenèse chez Ephedra distachya L. Cellule 67:53-87.
    • (1967) Cellule , vol.67 , pp. 53-87
    • Lehmann-Baerts, M.1
  • 59
    • 0346189545 scopus 로고
    • Contributions to the life history of the genus Gnetum. I. the grosser morphology of production of Gnetum gnemon L
    • LOTSY, J. 1899. Contributions to the life history of the genus Gnetum. I. The grosser morphology of production of Gnetum gnemon L. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 16:46-114.
    • (1899) Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg , vol.16 , pp. 46-114
    • Lotsy, J.1
  • 60
    • 43949173121 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic interpretation of ontogenetic change: Sorting out the actual and artefactual in an empirical case study of centrarchid fishes
    • MABEE, P. M. 1993. Phylogenetic interpretation of ontogenetic change: sorting out the actual and artefactual in an empirical case study of centrarchid fishes. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 107:175-291.
    • (1993) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.107 , pp. 175-291
    • Mabee, P.M.1
  • 61
    • 0002010346 scopus 로고
    • The female gametophyte of gymnosperms
    • MAHESHWARI, P., AND H. SINGH. 1967. The female gametophyte of gymnosperms. Biol. Rev. 42:88-130.
    • (1967) Biol. Rev. , vol.42 , pp. 88-130
    • Maheshwari, P.1    Singh, H.2
  • 62
    • 1642410590 scopus 로고
    • Gebrueder Borntraeger, Berlin
    • MARTENS, P. 1971. Les Gnétophytes. Gebrueder Borntraeger, Berlin.
    • (1971) Les Gnétophytes
    • Martens, P.1
  • 63
    • 0040336980 scopus 로고
    • Évolution ovulaire et embryogenèse de Welwitschia
    • MARTENS, P., AND L. WATERKEYN. 1973. Évolution ovulaire et embryogenèse de Welwitschia. Cellule 70:165-258.
    • (1973) Cellule , vol.70 , pp. 165-258
    • Martens, P.1    Waterkeyn, L.2
  • 64
    • 84990431458 scopus 로고
    • Cupulate seeds of Hydrasperma Long from Berwickshire and East Lothian in Scotland and County Kerry in Ireland
    • MATTEN, L. C., W. S. LACEY, AND R. C. LUCAS. 1980. Cupulate seeds of Hydrasperma Long from Berwickshire and East Lothian in Scotland and County Kerry in Ireland. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 81:249-273.
    • (1980) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.81 , pp. 249-273
    • Matten, L.C.1    Lacey, W.S.2    Lucas, R.C.3
  • 65
    • 0344661816 scopus 로고
    • The megagametophyte of Hydrasperma tenuis Long from the upper Devonian of Ireland
    • MATTEN, L. C., T. I. FINE, W. R. TANNER, AND W. S. LACEY. 1984. The megagametophyte of Hydrasperma tenuis Long from the upper Devonian of Ireland. Am. J. Bot. 71:1461-1464.
    • (1984) Am. J. Bot. , vol.71 , pp. 1461-1464
    • Matten, L.C.1    Fine, T.I.2    Tanner, W.R.3    Lacey, W.S.4
  • 66
    • 0002896722 scopus 로고
    • Classifying heterochrony: Allometry, size, and time
    • M. L. McKinney, ed. Plenum Press, New York
    • MCKINNEY, M. L. 1988. Classifying heterochrony: allometry, size, and time. Pp. 17-34 in M. L. McKinney, ed. Heterochrony in evolution. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1988) Heterochrony in Evolution , pp. 17-34
    • Mckinney, M.L.1
  • 67
    • 0002252781 scopus 로고
    • A guide to the nomenclature of heterochrony
    • MCNAMARA, K. J. 1986. A guide to the nomenclature of heterochrony. J. Paleontol. 60:4-13.
    • (1986) J. Paleontol. , vol.60 , pp. 4-13
    • Mcnamara, K.J.1
  • 68
    • 3543025829 scopus 로고
    • Etude histologique, cytochimique et ultrastructurale des reserves du gametophyte femelle de l'Ephedra distachya L. au cours de l'oogenese et de la proembryogenese
    • _. 1974. Etude histologique, cytochimique et ultrastructurale des reserves du gametophyte femelle de l'Ephedra distachya L. au cours de l'oogenese et de la proembryogenese. Rev. Gen. Bot. 81:315-334.
    • (1974) Rev. Gen. Bot. , vol.81 , pp. 315-334
  • 69
    • 3543032313 scopus 로고
    • L'alvéolisation du prothalle cénocytique femelle chez l'Ephedra distachya L. Étude ultrastructurale
    • _. 1980. L'alvéolisation du prothalle cénocytique femelle chez l'Ephedra distachya L. Étude ultrastructurale. Rev. Cytol. Biol. Veg. Bot. 3:301-308.
    • (1980) Rev. Cytol. Biol. Veg. Bot. , vol.3 , pp. 301-308
  • 70
    • 3543038932 scopus 로고
    • Données temporelles concernant les diverses phases du cycle de reproduction sexuée chez l'Ephedra distachya L
    • _. 1983. Données temporelles concernant les diverses phases du cycle de reproduction sexuée chez l'Ephedra distachya L. Rev. Cytol. Biol. Veg. Bot. 6:103-109.
    • (1983) Rev. Cytol. Biol. Veg. Bot. , vol.6 , pp. 103-109
  • 71
    • 0345142572 scopus 로고
    • Role of archegonial neck cells of Zamia and other cycads
    • NORSTOG, K. 1972. Role of archegonial neck cells of Zamia and other cycads. Phytomorphology 22:125-130.
    • (1972) Phytomorphology , vol.22 , pp. 125-130
    • Norstog, K.1
  • 73
    • 84989448014 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic sequences and the phylogenetics of parasitic flatworm life cycles
    • O'GRADY, R. T. 1985. Ontogenetic sequences and the phylogenetics of parasitic flatworm life cycles. Cladistics 1:159-170.
    • (1985) Cladistics , vol.1 , pp. 159-170
    • O'Grady, R.T.1
  • 74
    • 0030439668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematics of the Gnetales: A review of morphological and molecular evidence
    • PRICE, R. A. 1996. Systematics of the Gnetales: a review of morphological and molecular evidence. Int. J. Plant Sci. 157:540-549.
    • (1996) Int. J. Plant Sci. , vol.157 , pp. 540-549
    • Price, R.A.1
  • 75
    • 0026846785 scopus 로고
    • Direct-developing sea urchins and the evolutionary reorganization of early development
    • RAFF, R. A. 1992. Direct-developing sea urchins and the evolutionary reorganization of early development. Bioessays 14:211-218.
    • (1992) Bioessays , vol.14 , pp. 211-218
    • Raff, R.A.1
  • 76
    • 0004204913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • _. 1996. The shape of life. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1996) The Shape of Life
  • 77
    • 0024938991 scopus 로고
    • Heterochrony: Developmental mechanisms and evolutionary results
    • RAFF, R. A., AND G. A. WRAY. 1989. Heterochrony: developmental mechanisms and evolutionary results. J. Evol. Biol. 2:409-434.
    • (1989) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 409-434
    • Raff, R.A.1    Wray, G.A.2
  • 78
    • 0009068406 scopus 로고
    • Implications of radical evolutionary changes in early development for concepts of developmental constraint
    • L. Warren and H. Koprowski, eds. Wiley-Liss, New York
    • RAFF, R. A., G. A. WRAY, AND J. J. HENRY. 1991. Implications of radical evolutionary changes in early development for concepts of developmental constraint. Pp. 189-207 in L. Warren and H. Koprowski, eds. New perspectives on evolution. Wiley-Liss, New York.
    • (1991) New Perspectives on Evolution , pp. 189-207
    • Raff, R.A.1    Wray, G.A.2    Henry, J.J.3
  • 79
    • 0030896104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrative approach to heterochrony: The distinction between interspecific and intraspecific phenomena
    • REILLY, S. M., E. O. WILEY, AND D. J. MEINHARDT. 1997. An integrative approach to heterochrony: the distinction between interspecific and intraspecific phenomena. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 60:119-143.
    • (1997) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.60 , pp. 119-143
    • Reilly, S.M.1    Wiley, E.O.2    Meinhardt, D.J.3
  • 80
    • 0344700951 scopus 로고
    • The female gametophyte of Microcycas
    • REYNOLDS, L. G. 1924. The female gametophyte of Microcycas. Bot. Gaz. 77:391-403.
    • (1924) Bot. Gaz. , vol.77 , pp. 391-403
    • Reynolds, L.G.1
  • 81
    • 0021782456 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the functional morphology and sensorimotor control of feeding behavior in salamanders: An example of the role of internal dynamics in evolution
    • ROTH, G., AND D. B. WAKE. 1985. Trends in the functional morphology and sensorimotor control of feeding behavior in salamanders: an example of the role of internal dynamics in evolution. Acta Biotheor. 34:175-192.
    • (1985) Acta Biotheor. , vol.34 , pp. 175-192
    • Roth, G.1    Wake, D.B.2
  • 82
    • 0002642856 scopus 로고
    • Biology of ancestral gymnosperms
    • C. B. Beck, ed. Columbia Univ. Press, New York
    • ROTHWELL, G. S., AND S. E. SCHECKLER. 1988. Biology of ancestral gymnosperms. Pp. 85-134 in C. B. Beck, ed. Origin and evolution of gymnosperms. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1988) Origin and Evolution of Gymnosperms , pp. 85-134
    • Rothwell, G.S.1    Scheckler, S.E.2
  • 83
    • 0027947860 scopus 로고
    • Lignophyte phylogeny and the evolution of spermatophytes: A numerical cladistic analysis
    • ROTHWELL, G. W., AND R. SERBET. 1994. Lignophyte phylogeny and the evolution of spermatophytes: a numerical cladistic analysis. Syst. Bot. 19:443-482.
    • (1994) Syst. Bot. , vol.19 , pp. 443-482
    • Rothwell, G.W.1    Serbet, R.2
  • 84
    • 0028184507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifts in diversification rate with the origin of angiosperms
    • SANDERSON, M. J., AND M. J. DONOGHUE. 1996. Shifts in diversification rate with the origin of angiosperms. Science 264:1590-1593.
    • (1996) Science , vol.264 , pp. 1590-1593
    • Sanderson, M.J.1    Donoghue, M.J.2
  • 86
    • 3543009706 scopus 로고
    • Development of the ovulate strobilus and young ovule of Zamia floridana
    • SMITH, F. G. 1910. Development of the ovulate strobilus and young ovule of Zamia floridana. Bot. Gaz. 50:128-141.
    • (1910) Bot. Gaz. , vol.50 , pp. 128-141
    • Smith, F.G.1
  • 88
    • 0001956667 scopus 로고
    • Seeds, seedlings, and the origin of angiosperms
    • C. B. Beck, ed. Columbia Univ. Press, New York
    • _. 1976. Seeds, seedlings, and the origin of angiosperms. Pp. 300-311 in C. B. Beck, ed. Origin and early evolution of angiosperms. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1976) Origin and Early Evolution of Angiosperms , pp. 300-311
  • 89
    • 0001402647 scopus 로고
    • A new Pachytesta from the Berryville locality of Southeastern Illinois
    • STEWART, W. N. 1951. A new Pachytesta from the Berryville locality of Southeastern Illinois. Am. Mid. Nat. 46:717-742.
    • (1951) Am. Mid. Nat. , vol.46 , pp. 717-742
    • Stewart, W.N.1
  • 91
    • 0008402740 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of ontogenetic alterations in the evolution of higher plants
    • TAKHTAJAN, A. 1972. Patterns of ontogenetic alterations in the evolution of higher plants. Phytomorphology 22:164-171.
    • (1972) Phytomorphology , vol.22 , pp. 164-171
    • Takhtajan, A.1
  • 92
    • 0001850264 scopus 로고
    • Neoteny and the origin of flowering plants
    • C. B. Beck, ed. Columbia Univ. Press, New York
    • _. 1976. Neoteny and the origin of flowering plants. Pp. 207-219 in C. B. Beck, ed. Origin and early evolution of angiosperms. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1976) Origin and Early Evolution of Angiosperms , pp. 207-219
  • 93
    • 0000622152 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and major events in the evolution of land plants
    • K. J. Niklas, ed. Praeger, New York
    • TIFFNEY, B. H. 1981. Diversity and major events in the evolution of land plants. Pp. 193-230 in K. J. Niklas, ed. Paleobotany, paleoecology, and evolution. Praeger, New York.
    • (1981) Paleobotany, Paleoecology, and Evolution , pp. 193-230
    • Tiffney, B.H.1
  • 95
    • 0030470777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterochrony and heterotopy: Stability and innovation in the evolution of form
    • ZELDITCH, M. L., AND W. L. FINK. 1996. Heterochrony and heterotopy: stability and innovation in the evolution of form. Paleobiology 22:241-254.
    • (1996) Paleobiology , vol.22 , pp. 241-254
    • Zelditch, M.L.1    Fink, W.L.2
  • 96
    • 0024441599 scopus 로고
    • Ribosomal RNA phylogenies and flowering plant evolution
    • B. Fernholm, K. Bremer and H. Jornvall, eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • ZIMMER, E. A., R. K. HAMBY, M. L. ARNOLD, D. A. LEBLANC, AND E. C. THERIOT. 1989. Ribosomal RNA phylogenies and flowering plant evolution. Pp. 205-214 in B. Fernholm, K. Bremer and H. Jornvall, eds. The hierarchy of life. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1989) The Hierarchy of Life , pp. 205-214
    • Zimmer, E.A.1    Hamby, R.K.2    Arnold, M.L.3    Leblanc, D.A.4    Theriot, E.C.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.