The dynamics of public opinion, political parties, and media in transitional Hong Kong

Asian Survey

Volumn 38, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 474-492

  Fung, Anthony Y H ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MEDIA ROLE; POLITIAL SYSTEM; PUBLIC ATTITUDES;

CHINA, HONG KONG;

EID: 0031688859     PISSN: 00044687     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/as.1998.38.5.01p03574     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. See Louie Kin-shuen, "Political Parties," in The Other Hong Kong Report 1991, ed. Y. Sung and M. Lee (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1991).
2. See To Yiu-ming and Nip Yee-man, ed., Media Strategies and Election (in Chinese) (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Humanities Science Publication, 1995).
3. Anthony Y. H. Fung, "Parties, Media and Public Opinion: A Study of Media's Legitimation of Party Politics in Hong Kong," Asian Journal of Communication 5:2 (1995), pp. 18-46.
4. Leung Sai-wing, "Attitudes towards Party Politics," in Indicators of Social Development: Hong Kong 1993, ed. Lau Siu-kai et al. (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995), p. 279. See also Lau Siu-kai, "Public Attitude toward Political Parties in Hong Kong," Occasional Paper no. 11 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992).
5. Leung Sai-wing, "Attitudes towards Party Politics," in Indicators of Social Development: Hong Kong 1993, ed. Lau Siu-kai et al. (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995), p. 279. See also Lau Siu-kai, "Public Attitude toward Political Parties in Hong Kong," Occasional Paper no. 11 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992).
6. For example, Anthony Y. H. Fung, "Parties, Media, and Public Opinion."
7. Lau Siu-kai, "Political Reform and Political Development in Hong Kong," in Hong Kong and 1997: Strategies for the Future, ed. J. Yao et al. (Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1985).
8. Lau Siu-kai, Hong Kong Politics in the Transitional Period (in Chinese) (Hong Kong: Wide Angle Publishing Co., Ltd.), pp. 283-306.
9. Jane C. Y. Lee, "The 1997 Transition and Hong Kong's Evolving Political Leadership," in One Culture, Many Systems: Politics in the Reunification of China, ed. D. H. McMillen and M. E. DeGolyer (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1993), pp. 63-93; and Lo Shiu-hing, "Hong Kong: Post-colonialism and Political Conflict," in The New Rich in Asia: Mobile Phones, McDonald's and Middle-class Revolution, ed. Richard Robinson and David S. G. Goodmas (New York: Routledge, 1996), p. 165.
10. Jane C. Y. Lee, "The 1997 Transition and Hong Kong's Evolving Political Leadership," in One Culture, Many Systems: Politics in the Reunification of China, ed. D. H. McMillen and M. E. DeGolyer (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1993), pp. 63-93; and Lo Shiu-hing, "Hong Kong: Post-colonialism and Political Conflict," in The New Rich in Asia: Mobile Phones, McDonald's and Middle-class Revolution, ed. Richard Robinson and David S. G. Goodmas (New York: Routledge, 1996), p. 165.
11. Lee Chin-Chuan, "Media Structure and Regime Change in Hong Kong," paper presented at the Chinese Media in the Information Age Conference, Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1996. See also Michael Yahuda, Hong Kong: China's Challenge (London: Routledge, 1996).
12. Lee Chin-Chuan, "Media Structure and Regime Change in Hong Kong," paper presented at the Chinese Media in the Information Age Conference, Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1996. See also Michael Yahuda, Hong Kong: China's Challenge (London: Routledge, 1996).
13. For the changing media landscape in Hong Kong, see Anthony Y. H. Fung and ChinChuan Lee, "Hong Kong's Changing Media Ownership: Uncertainty and Dilemma," Gazette 53 (1994), pp. 127-33. For an analysis of "legitimizing creed," see Jay Blumler and Michael Gurevitch, "Towards a Comparative Framework of Political Communication Research," in Political Communication: Issues and Strategies for Research, ed. Steven Chaffee (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1978), p. 177.
14. For the changing media landscape in Hong Kong, see Anthony Y. H. Fung and ChinChuan Lee, "Hong Kong's Changing Media Ownership: Uncertainty and Dilemma," Gazette 53 (1994), pp. 127-33. For an analysis of "legitimizing creed," see Jay Blumler and Michael Gurevitch, "Towards a Comparative Framework of Political Communication Research," in Political Communication: Issues and Strategies for Research, ed. Steven Chaffee (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1978), p. 177.
15. Caritas Community Centre, A Snapshot of Hong Kong's Political Groups (in Chinese) (Hong Kong: Caritas Community Centre, 1993).
16. Poll conducted by Wharf Cable and Hong Kong Polling and Business Research Company as reported in Hong Kong Economic Times, February 14, 1995.
17. For DP membership data, see Oriental Daily News, October 3, 1995; for the DABHK, see Ming Pao, December 13, 1995.
18. For DP membership data, see Oriental Daily News, October 3, 1995; for the DABHK, see Ming Pao, December 13, 1995.
19. Kuan Hsin-chi, "Hong Kong after Basic Law," HKIAPS Reprint Series no. 8 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong 1991). See Lau Siu-kai, Society and Politics in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1982) on the political indifference of Hong Kong Chinese.
20. Kuan Hsin-chi, "Hong Kong after Basic Law," HKIAPS Reprint Series no. 8 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong 1991). See Lau Siu-kai, Society and Politics in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1982) on the political indifference of Hong Kong Chinese.
21. Timothy Wong and Lui Tai-lok, "From One Brand of Politics to One Brand of Political Culture," Occasional Paper no. 10 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong). See also Jermain T. M. Lam and Jane C. Y. Lee, "Alleglance, Apathy or Alienation? The Political Culture of Functional Constituency Voters in Hong Kong," in One Culture, Many Systems: Politics in the Reunification of China, pp. 95-120.
22. Timothy Wong and Lui Tai-lok, "From One Brand of Politics to One Brand of Political Culture," Occasional Paper no. 10 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong). See also Jermain T. M. Lam and Jane C. Y. Lee, "Alleglance, Apathy or Alienation? The Political Culture of Functional Constituency Voters in Hong Kong," in One Culture, Many Systems: Politics in the Reunification of China, pp. 95-120.
23. Kuan Hsin-chi and Lau Siu-kai, "The Partial Vision of Democracy in Hong Kong: A Survey of Popular Opinion," China Journal 34 (1995), pp. 239-64.
24. Fung Ho-lap, "Attitudes towards Protest Action," in Indicators of Social Development, pp. 291-320; and Anthony B. L. Cheung, "Democracy and the Democratic Movement in Hong Kong: Origin and Prospects," Politics, Administration and Change 18 (January-June 1992), pp. 18-38.
25. Fung Ho-lap, "Attitudes towards Protest Action," in Indicators of Social Development, pp. 291-320; and Anthony B. L. Cheung, "Democracy and the Democratic Movement in Hong Kong: Origin and Prospects," Politics, Administration and Change 18 (January-June 1992), pp. 18-38.
26. Kuan and Lau, "The Partial Vision," p. 262. See also Timothy Ka-ying Wong and Shum Kwok-cheung, "Civic Awareness of Hong Kong Young People in the Late Transitional Period: A Comparison of Hong Kong as a Whole and the Shatin District" (in Chinese), Occasional Paper no. 48 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996). For poll data, see Hong Kong Economic Journal, September 15, 1994.
27. Kuan and Lau, "The Partial Vision," p. 262. See also Timothy Ka-ying Wong and Shum Kwok-cheung, "Civic Awareness of Hong Kong Young People in the Late Transitional Period: A Comparison of Hong Kong as a Whole and the Shatin District" (in Chinese), Occasional Paper no. 48 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996). For poll data, see Hong Kong Economic Journal, September 15, 1994.
28. Kuan and Lau, "The Partial Vision," p. 262. See also Timothy Ka-ying Wong and Shum Kwok-cheung, "Civic Awareness of Hong Kong Young People in the Late Transitional Period: A Comparison of Hong Kong as a Whole and the Shatin District" (in Chinese), Occasional Paper no. 48 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996). For poll data, see Hong Kong Economic Journal, September 15, 1994.
29. Lau Siu-kai, Hong Kong Politics, pp. 283-306, and also "Public Attitude."
30. Louie Kin-shuen, "The 'Party Identification' Factor in the 1991 Legislative Council Election: The June 4th Incident and the Anti-Communist China Syndrome," in Hong Kong Tried Democracy: The 1991 Elections in Hong Kong, ed. Lau Siu-kai and Louie Kin-shuen (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993), pp. 175-85. A survey taken before the Regional and Urban Council election in 1995 also showed that 55% of the DP's supporters were strong "identifiers" while only 25% of the DABHK supporters were deemed to be so. See Tsoi Chi-keung, "A Preliminary Analysis of Sources of Votes of Five Major Parties," in Election and Parliamentary Politics: New Political Environment in Hong Kong after the Rise of Political Parties (in Chinese), ed. Tsoi Chi-keung, Lau Sai-leung and Chan Pak-kuan (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Humanities Science Publication, 1993), p. 63.
31. Louie Kin-shuen, "The 'Party Identification' Factor in the 1991 Legislative Council Election: The June 4th Incident and the Anti-Communist China Syndrome," in Hong Kong Tried Democracy: The 1991 Elections in Hong Kong, ed. Lau Siu-kai and Louie Kin-shuen (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993), pp. 175-85. A survey taken before the Regional and Urban Council election in 1995 also showed that 55% of the DP's supporters were strong "identifiers" while only 25% of the DABHK supporters were deemed to be so. See Tsoi Chi-keung, "A Preliminary Analysis of Sources of Votes of Five Major Parties," in Election and Parliamentary Politics: New Political Environment in Hong Kong after the Rise of Political Parties (in Chinese), ed. Tsoi Chi-keung, Lau Sai-leung and Chan Pak-kuan (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Humanities Science Publication, 1993), p. 63.
32. See William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani, "Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power," American Journal of Sociology 95 (1989), pp. 1-37; Herbert Gans, Deciding What 's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time (New York: Vintage, 1979); Gaye Tuchman, News Making: A Construction of Reality (New York: Free Press, 1978); Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), p. 2; and Charlotte Ryan, Prime Time Activism: Media Strategies for Grassroots Organizing (Boston, Mass.: South End Press, 1991).
33. See William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani, "Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power," American Journal of Sociology 95 (1989), pp. 1-37; Herbert Gans, Deciding What 's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time (New York: Vintage, 1979); Gaye Tuchman, News Making: A Construction of Reality (New York: Free Press, 1978); Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), p. 2; and Charlotte Ryan, Prime Time Activism: Media Strategies for Grassroots Organizing (Boston, Mass.: South End Press, 1991).
34. See William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani, "Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power," American Journal of Sociology 95 (1989), pp. 1-37; Herbert Gans, Deciding What 's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time (New York: Vintage, 1979); Gaye Tuchman, News Making: A Construction of Reality (New York: Free Press, 1978); Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), p. 2; and Charlotte Ryan, Prime Time Activism: Media Strategies for Grassroots Organizing (Boston, Mass.: South End Press, 1991).
35. See William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani, "Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power," American Journal of Sociology 95 (1989), pp. 1-37; Herbert Gans, Deciding What 's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time (New York: Vintage, 1979); Gaye Tuchman, News Making: A Construction of Reality (New York: Free Press, 1978); Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), p. 2; and Charlotte Ryan, Prime Time Activism: Media Strategies for Grassroots Organizing (Boston, Mass.: South End Press, 1991).
36. See William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani, "Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power," American Journal of Sociology 95 (1989), pp. 1-37; Herbert Gans, Deciding What 's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time (New York: Vintage, 1979); Gaye Tuchman, News Making: A Construction of Reality (New York: Free Press, 1978); Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), p. 2; and Charlotte Ryan, Prime Time Activism: Media Strategies for Grassroots Organizing (Boston, Mass.: South End Press, 1991).
37. The author is indebted to Linda Lee and Carrie Wong, who conducted most of the interviews. The interview data are used as background information. Two party spokesmen were interviewed in Hong Kong on December 1 and 21, 1996, respectively.
38. See Ming Pao, August 22 and November 24, 1994, and South China Morning Post (SCMP), September 20, October 19, November 16, 1994, January 8, and February 13, 1995.
39. See Ming Pao, August 22 and November 24, 1994, and South China Morning Post (SCMP), September 20, October 19, November 16, 1994, January 8, and February 13, 1995.
40. See news reports in SCMP on August 21, 23, and December 5, 1994, and September 10, 1995. "Former liberal flagship" refers to the United Democrats, which had won 17 seats in the 1991 Legco election.
41. See both Ming Pao and SCMP, April 19, 1995.
42. See Ming Pao, September 6, 1994, and SCMP, September 7 and 13, 1994.
43. See Ming Pao, December 25, 1994, May 2 and June 7, 1995, and SCMP, December 10, 1994, April 23 and July 17, 1995.
44. See Ming Pao, December 25, 1994, May 2 and June 7, 1995, and SCMP, December 10, 1994, April 23 and July 17, 1995.
45. See Ming Pao, October 6 and 12, 1994, May 2 and July 13, 1995; and SCMP, November 22, 1994.
46. See Ming Pao, October 6 and 12, 1994, May 2 and July 13, 1995; and SCMP, November 22, 1994.
47. See Ming Pao, September 19, October 25, 1994, and May 29, 1995, and SCMP, September 21, 1994, March 9 and June 20, 1995.
48. See Ming Pao, September 19, October 25, 1994, and May 29, 1995, and SCMP, September 21, 1994, March 9 and June 20, 1995.
49. Joseph Man Chan, Paul S. N. Lee, and Chin-Chuan Lee, Hong Kong Journalists in Transition (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1995), pp. 29, 35.
50. Tsoi Chi-keung, "A Preliminary Analysis," p. 60.
51. Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching, and Edie Goldenberg, Making the Papers (Lexington, Mass.: Heath, 1975).
52. Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching, and Edie Goldenberg, Making the Papers (Lexington, Mass.: Heath, 1975).