Adaptation of stuttering frequency during repeated readings: Associated changes in acoustic parameters of perceptually fluent speech

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research

Volumn 41, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 1265-1281

  Max, Ludo ^a   Caruso, Anthony J ^b  

^a SETON HALL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Acoustic analysis; Adaptation; Motor learning; Stuttering; Variability

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTICS; ADAPTATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; HUMAN; LEARNING; MALE; MOTOR COORDINATION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; SPEECH PERCEPTION; STUTTERING; TASK PERFORMANCE; VOWEL;

EID: 0031671963     PISSN: 10924388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1044/jslhr.4106.1265     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. Abbs, J. H., & Connor, N. P. (1989). Motor coordination for functional human behaviors: Perspectives from a speech motor data base. In S. A. Wallace (Ed.), Perspectives on the coordination of movement (pp. 157-183). New York: Elsevier Science.
2. Adams, J. A. (1971). A closed-loop theory of motor learning. Journal of Motor Behavior, 3, 111-150.
3. Adams, M. R., & Reis, R. (1971). The influence of the onset of phonation on the frequency of stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 14, 639-644.
4. Adams, M. R., & Reis, R. (1974). Influence of the onset of phonation on the frequency of stuttering: A replication and reevaluation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 17, 752-754.
5. Adams, M. R., Riemenschneider, S., Metz, D., & Conture, E. (1975). Voice onset and articulatory requirements in a speech segment and their relation to the amount of stuttering adaptation. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 1, 23-29.
6. Andrews, G., Howie, P. M., Dozsa, M. & Guitar, B. E. (1982). Stuttering: Speech pattern characteristics under fluency-inducing conditions. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 25, 208-216.
7. Atkinson, C. J. (1953). Adaptation to delayed sidetone. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 18, 386-391.
8. Baken, R. J. (1987). Clinical measurement of speech and voice. Boston: College-Hill.
9. Basmajian, J. V. (1977). Motor learning and control: A working hypothesis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 58, 38-41.
10. Black, J. W. (1951). The effects of delayed sidetone upon vocal rate and intensity. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 16, 56-60.
11. Blair, R. C., & Higgins, J. J. (1985). Comparison of the power of the paired samples t test to that of Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test under various population shapes. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 119-128.
12. Bloodstein, O. (1995). A handbook on stuttering (5th ed.). San Diego, CA: Singular.
13. Brayton, E. R., & Conture, E. G. (1978). Effects of noise and rhythmic stimulation on the speech of stutterers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 21, 285-294.
14. Brenner, N. C., Perkins, W. H., & Soderberg, G. A. (1972). The effect of rehearsal on frequency of stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 15, 483-486.
15. Brown, S. F. (1945). The loci of stutterings in the speech sequence. Journal of Speech Disorders, 10, 181-192.
16. Caruso, A. J., & Max, L. (1997). Applications of motor learning theory to stuttering research. In W. Hulstijn, H. F. M. Peters, & P. H. H. M. Van Lieshout (Eds.), Speech production: Motor control, brain research and fluency disorders (pp. 213-220). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
17. Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 10, 37-46.
18. Cohen, J. (1968). Weighted Kappa: Nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychological Bulletin, 70, 213-220.
19. Corcos, D. M., Jaric, S., Agarwal, G. C., & Gottlieb, G. L. (1993). Principles for learning single joint movements: I. Enhanced performance by practice. Experimental Brain Research, 94, 499-513.
20. Crossman, E. R. F. W. (1959). A theory of the acquisition of speed-skill. Ergonomics, 2, 153-166.
21. Crystal, T. H., & House, A. S. (1990). Articulation rate and the duration of syllables and stress groups in connected speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 88, 101-112.
22. Darling, W. G., & Cooke, J. D. (1987a). Changes in the variability of movement trajectories with practice. Journal of Motor Behavior, 19, 291-309.
23. Darling, W. G., & Cooke, J. D. (1987b). Movement related EMGs become more variable during learning of fast accurate movements. Journal of Motor Behavior, 19, 311-331.
24. De Jong, J. R. (1957). The effects of increasing skill on cycle-time and its consequences for time-standards. Ergonomics, 1, 51-60.
25. Delattre, P. C., Liberman, A. M., & Cooper, F. S. (1955). Acoustic loci and transitional cues for consonants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27, 769-773.
26. Dickinson, J. (1985). Some perspectives on motor learning theory. In D. Goodman, R. B. Wilberg, & I. M. Franks (Eds.), Differing perspectives in motor learning, memory, and control (pp. 209-237). New York: Elsevier.
27. Fairbanks, G. (1955). Selective vocal effects of delayed auditory feedback. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 20, 333-346.
28. Flanagan, J. R., Ostry, D. J., & Feldman, A. G. (1990). Control of human jaw and multi-joint arm movements. In G. E. Hammond (Ed.), Cerebral control of speech and limb movements (pp. 29-58). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
29. Flesch, R. (1951). How to test readability. New York: Harper & Row.
30. Fónagy, I., & Magdics, K. (1960). Speed of utterance in phrases of different lengths. Language and Speech, 3, 179-192.
31. Frank, A., & Bloodstein, O. (1971). Frequency of stuttering following repeated unison readings. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 14, 519-524.
32. Franz, E. A., Zelaznik, H. N., & Smith, A. (1992). Evidence of common timing processes in the control of manual, orofacial, and speech movements. Journal of Motor Behavior, 24, 281-287.
33. Gay, T. (1968). Effect of speaking rate on diphthong formant movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 44, 1570-1573.
34. Gay, T. (1981). Mechanisms in the control of speech rate. Phonetica, 38, 148-158.
35. Gay, T., Ushijima, T., Hirose, H., & Cooper, F. S. (1974). Effect of speaking rate on labial consonant-vowel articulation. Journal of Phonetics, 2, 47-63.
36. Gilbert, P. F. C., & Thach, W. T. (1977). Purkinje cell activity during motor learning. Brain Research, 128, 309-328.
37. Goldman-Eisler, F. (1954). On the variability of the speed of talking and its relation to the length of utterance in conversations. British Journal of Psychology, 45, 94-107.
38. Goldman-Eisler, F. (1961). Continuity of the speech utterance, its determinants and its significance. Language and Speech, 4, 220-231.
39. Gottlieb, G. L., Corcos, D. M., Jaric, S., & Agarwal, G. C. (1988). Practice improves even the simplest movements. Experimental Brain Research, 73, 436-440.
40. Gracco, V. L. (1990). Characteristics of speech as a motor control system. In G. E. Hammond (Ed.), Cerebral control of speech and limb movements (pp. 3-28). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
41. Grillner, S. (1982). Possible analogies in the control of innate motor acts and the production of sound in speech. In S. Grillner, B. Lindblom, J. Lubker, & A. Persson (Eds.), Speech motor control (pp. 217-230). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.
42. Halsband, U., & Freund, H.-J. (1993). Motor learning. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 3, 940-949.
43. Ham, R., & Steer, M. D. (1967). Certain effects of alteration in auditory feedback. Folia Phoniatrica, 19, 53-62.
44. Hobart, D. J., Kelley, D. L., & Bradley, L. (1975). Modifications occurring during acquisition of a novel throwing task. American Journal of Physical Medicine, 54, 1-24.
45. Houk, J. C., Buckingham, J. T., & Barto, A. G. (1996). Models of the cerebellum and motor learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 368-383.
46. Howell, D. C. (1992). Statistical methods for psychology (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Duxbury Press.
47. Johnson, W., Brown, S. F., Curtis, J. F., Edney, C. W., & Keaster, J. (1967). Speech handicapped school children (3rd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
48. Johnson, W., & Knott, J. R. (1937). Studies in the psychology of stuttering: I. The distribution of moments of stuttering in successive readings of the same material. Journal of Speech Disorders, 2, 17-19.
49. Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., Sark, S., & Armson, J. (1996). Stuttering amelioration at various auditory feedback delays and speech rates. European Journal of Disorders of Communication, 31, 259-269.
50. Kalveram, K. T. (1993). A neural-network model enabling sensorimotor learning: Application to the control of arm movements and some implications for speech-motor control and stuttering. Psychological Research, 55, 299-314.
51. Kamon, E., & Gormley, J. (1968). Muscular activity pattern for skilled performance and during learning of a horizontal bar exercise. Ergonomics, 11, 345-357.
52. Kelso, J. A. S. (1986). Pattern formation in speech and limb movements involving many degrees of freedom. In H. Heuer & C. Fromm (Eds.), Generation and modulation of action patterns (pp. 105-128). New York: Springer-Verlag.
53. Kent, R. D., & Moll, K. L. (1972). Cinefluorographic analyses of selected lingual consonants. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 15, 453-473.
54. Kent, R. D., & Read, C. (1992) The acoustic analysis of speech. San Diego, CA: Singular.
55. Kirk, R. E. (1995). Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
56. Klich, R. J., & May, G. M. (1982). Spectrographic study of vowels in stutterers' fluent speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 25, 364-370.
57. Kottke, F. J., Halpern, D., Easton, J. K. M., Ozel, A. T., & Burrill, C. A. (1978). The training of coordination. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 59, 567-572.
58. Kozhevnikov, V. A., & Chistovich, L. A. (1965). Speech: Articulation and perception. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.
59. Kuehn, D. P., & Moll, K. L. (1976). A cineradiographic study of VC and CV articulatory velocities. Journal of Phonetics, 4, 303-320.
60. Lee, B. S. (1950). Effects of delayed speech feedback. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 22, 824-826.
61. Lee, B. S. (1951). Artificial stutter. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 16, 53-55.
62. Lewis, K. E. (1994). Reporting observer agreement on stuttering event judgments: A survey and evaluation of current practice. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 19, 269-284.
63. Lindahl, L. G. (1945). Movement analysis as an industrial training method. Journal of Applied Psychology, 29, 420-436.
64. Lindblom, B. (1963). Spectographic study of vowel reduction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 35, 1773-1781.
65. Lindblom, B. (1964). Articulatory activity in vowels. Quarterly Progress and Status Report, Speech Transmission Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 2, 1-5.
66. Ludwig, D. A. (1982). EMG changes during acquisition of a motor skill. American Journal of Physical Medicine, 61, 229-243.
67. Magill, R. A. (1989). Motor learning: Concepts and applications. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown.
68. Malecot, A., Johnston, R., & Kizziar, P. (1972). Syllabic rate and utterance length in French. Phonetica, 26, 231-251.
69. Mallard, A. R., & Westbrook, J. B. (1985). Vowel duration in stutterers participating in precision fluency shaping. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 10, 221-228.
70. Marteniuk, R. G., & Romanow, S. K. E. (1983). Human movement organization and learning as revealed by variability of movement, use of kinematic information, and fourier analysis. In R. A. Magill (Ed.), Memory and control of action (pp. 167-197). New York: North-Holland.
71. Max, L., Caruso, A. J., & Vandevenne, A. (1997). Decreased stuttering frequency during repeated readings: A motor learning perspective. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 22, 1-17.
72. McClean, M. D. (1997). Functional components of the motor system: An approach to understanding the mechanisms of speech disfluency. In W. Hulstijn, H. F. M. Peters, & P. H. H. M. van Lieshout (Eds.), Speech production: Motor control, brain research and fluency disorders (pp. 99-118). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
73. McClean, M. D., Kroll, R. M., & Loftus, N. S. (1990). Kinematic analysis of lip closure in stutterers' fluent speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33, 755-760.
74. McClean, M. D., Levandowski, D. R., & Cord, M. T. (1994). Intersyllabic movement timing in the fluent speech of stutterers with different disfluency levels. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, 1060-1066.
75. McGee, S. R., Hutchinson, J. M., & Deputy, P. N. (1981). The influence of the onset of phonation on the frequency of disfluency among children who stutter. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 24, 269-272.
76. Metz, D. E., Onufrak, J. A., & Ogburn, R. S. (1979) An acoustical analysis of stutterers' speech prior to and at the termination of speech therapy. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 4, 249-254.
77. Metz, D. E., Samar, V. J., & Sacco, P. R. (1983). Acoustic analysis of stutterers' fluent speech before and after therapy. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 26, 531-536.
78. Moll, K. L., Zimmermann, G. N., & Smith, A. (1977). The study of speech production as a human neuromotor system. In M. Sawashima & F. S. Cooper (Eds.), Dynamic aspects of speech production (pp. 107-127). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
79. Moore, S. P., & Marteniuk, R. G. (1986). Kinematic and electromyographic changes that occur as a function of learning a time-constrained aiming task. Journal of Motor Behavior, 18, 397-426.
80. Newell, K. M. (1991). Motor skill acquisition. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 213-237.
81. Onslow, M., Packman, A., Stocker, S., van Doorn, J., & Siegel, G. M. (1997). Control of children's stuttering with response-contingent time-out: Behavioral, perceptual, and acoustic data. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 121-133.
82. Onslow, M., van Doorn, J., & Newman, D. (1992). Variability of acoustic segment durations after prolonged-speech treatment for stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 529-536.
83. Ostry, D. J., & Cooke, J. D. (1987). Kinematic patterns in speech and limb movements. In E. Keller & M. Gopnik (Eds.), Motor and sensory processes of language (pp. 223-235). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
84. Ostry, D. J., & Flanagan, J. R. (1989). Human jaw movement in mastication and speech. Archives of Oral Biology, 34, 685-693.
85. Ostry, D. J., & Munhall, K. G. (1985). Control of rate and duration of speech movements. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 77, 640-648.
86. Packman, A., Onslow, M., Richard, F., & van Doorn, J. (1996). Syllabic stress and variability: A model of stuttering. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 10, 235-263.
87. Packman, A., Onslow, M., & van Doorn, J. (1994). Prolonged speech and modification of stuttering: Perceptual, acoustic, and electroglottographic data. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, 724-737.
88. Packman, A., van Doorn, J., & Onslow, M. (1995). The role of variability in the reduction of stuttering. In C. W. Starkweather & H. F. M. Peters (Eds.), Proceedings of the First World Congress on Fluency Disorders (pp. 419-422). Nijmegen, The Netherlands: University of Nijmegen Press.
89. Pickett, J. M. (1980). The sounds of speech communication. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
90. Prins, D., & Hubbard, C. P. (1990). Acoustical durations of speech segments during stuttering adaptation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33, 494-504.
91. Prosek, R. A., Montgomery, A. A., & Walden, B. E. (1988). Constancy of relative timing for stutterers and nonstutterers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 31, 654-658.
92. Quarrington, B. (1959). Measures of stuttering adaptation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 2, 105-112.
93. Riley, G. (1980). Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults-Revised Edition. Tigard, OR: C.C. Publications.
94. Robb, M. P., Lybolt, J. T., and Price, H. A. (1985). Acoustic measures of stutterers' speech following an intensive therapy program. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 10, 269-279.
95. Sage, G. H. (1984). Motor learning and control: A neuropsychological approach. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown.
96. Saltzman, E. L. (1995). Dynamics and coordinate systems in skilled sensorimotor activity. In R. F. Port & T. van Gelder (Eds.), Mind as motion (pp. 149-173). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
97. Schmidt, R. A. (1975). A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychological Review, 82, 225-260.
98. Schmidt, R. A. (1988). Motor control and learning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
99. Schmidt, R. A. (1991). Motor learning & performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
100. Schmidt, R. C., & Fitzpatrick, P. (1996). Dynamical perspective on motor learning. In H. N. Zelaznik (Ed.), Advances in motor learning (pp. 195-223). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
101. Shea, J. B., & Morgan, R. L. (1979). Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a motor skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5, 179-187.
102. Skipper, J. K., Guenther, A. L., & Nass, G. (1972). The sacredness of .05: A note concerning the uses of statistical levels of significance in social science. In R. E. Kirk (Ed.), Statistical issues: A reader for the behavioral sciences (pp. 141-145). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
103. Smith, A., McFarland, D. H., & Weber, C. M. (1986). Interactions between speech and finger movements: An exploration of the dynamic pattern perspective. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 29, 471-480.
104. Smith, A., & Zelaznik, H. (1990). Comparative investigations of speech and other neuromotor systems. In G. E. Hammond (Ed.), Cerebral control of speech and limb movements (pp. 575-594). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
105. Soderberg, G. A. (1969). Delayed auditory feedback and the speech of stutterers: A review of studies. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 34, 20-29.
106. Stager, S. V., & Ludlow, C. L. (1993). Speech production changes under fluency-evoking conditions in nonstuttering speakers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 245-253.
107. Stelmach, G. E. (1969). Efficiency of motor learning as a function of intertrial rest. The Research Quarterly, 40, 198-202.
108. Story, R. S., Alfonso, P. J., & Harris, K. S. (1996). Preand posttreatment comparison of the kinematics of the fluent speech of persons who stutter. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 991-1005.
109. Swinnen, S. P. (1996). Information feedback for motor skill learning: A review. In H. N. Zelaznik (Ed.), Advances in motor learning and control (pp. 37-65). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
110. Tiffany, W. R., & Hanley, C. N. (1956). Adaptation to delayed sidetone. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 21, 164-172.
111. van Lieshout, P. H. H. M., Hulstijn, W., & Peters, H. F. M. (1996a). Speech production in people who stutter: Testing the motor plan assembly hypothesis. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 76-92.
112. van Lieshout, P. H. H. M., Hulstijn, W., & Peters, H. F. M. (1996b). From planning to articulation in speech production: What differentiates a person who stutters from a person who does not stutter? Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 546-564.
113. Van Riper, C., & Hull, C. J. (1955). The quantitative measurement of the effect of certain situations on stuttering. In W. Johnson (Ed.), Stuttering in children and adults (pp. 199-206). Minneapolis, MI: University of Minnesota Press.
114. Vorro, J. R., & Hobart, D. J. (1974). Cinematographic analysis of the intermittent modifications occurring during the acquisition of a novel throwing skill. In R. C. Nelson & C. A. Morehouse (Eds.), Biomechanics IV (pp. 553-559). Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.
115. Webster, R. L., Morgan, B. T., & Cannon, M. W. (1987). Voice onset abruptness in stutterers before and after therapy. In H. F. M. Peters & W. Hulstijn (Eds.), Speech motor dynamics in stuttering (pp. 295-306). Wien: Springer-Verlag.
116. Weismer, G. (1990). Assessment of articulatory timing. In J A. Cooper (Ed.), Assessment of speech and voice production: Research and clinical applications (pp. 84-95). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.
117. Wingate, M. E. (1966). Prosody in stuttering adaptation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 9, 550-556.
118. Wingate, M. E. (1970). Effect on stuttering of changes in audition. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 13, 861-873.
119. Zanone, P.-G., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1994). The coordination dynamics of learning. In S. P. Swinnen, H. Heuer, J. Massion, & P. Casaer (Eds.), Interlimb coordination: Neural, dynamical, and cognitive constraints (pp. 461-490). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
120. Zimmermann, G. (1980). Stuttering: A disorder of movement. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 23, 122-136.
121. Zimmermann, G. N., & Hanley, J. M. (1983). A cinefluorographic investigation of repeated fluent productions of stutterers in an adaptation procedure. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 26, 35-42.