Phytochromes and seed germination

Seed Science Research

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 317-329

  Casal, Jorge J ^a   Sánchez, Rodolfo A ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

Author keywords

High irradiance response; Low fluence response; Phytochrome A; Phytochrome B; Phytochrome mutants; Seed germination; Very low fluence response

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031670620     PISSN: 09602585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0960258500004256     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Asherman, M.J., Hirschfeld, M., Wester, L., Weaver, M., Clark, T., Amasino, R.M. and Sharrock, R.A. (1997) A deletion in the PHYD gene of the Arabidopsis Warsikwakeja ecotype defines a role for phytochrome D in and/far-red light sensing. Plant Cell 9, 1317-1326.
2. Barnes, S.A., Quaggia, R.B., Whitelam, G.C. and Chua, N.-H. (1996) fcyl defines a branch point in phytochrome A signal transduction pathways of gene expression. Plant Journal 10, 1156-1161.
3. Bukin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1992) Role of temperature and light in the germination ecology of buried seeds of weedy species of disturbed forests. I. Lobelia inflata. Canadian Journal of Botany 70, 589-592.
4. Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. (1982) Physiology and Biochemistry of seeds in relation to germination, Volume 2. Vitality durmancy and environmental control. Berlin, Heidelbert, Springer-Verlag.
5. Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. (1985) Seeds. Physiology of development and germination. New York, Plenum Press.
6. Bleamer-Jansen, G. and Sewamar, R. (1985) Red-light-induced germination of lettuce seeds: relationship between escape from reversibility and fluence. Photochemistry and Photobiology 42, 705-707.
7. Botto, J.F., Sánchez, R.A. and Casal, J.J. (1995) Role of phytochrome B in the induction of seed germination by light in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Plant Physiology 146, 307-312.
8. Botto, J.F., Sánchez, R.A., Whitelam, G.C. and Casal, J.J. (1996) Phytochrome A mediates the promotion of seed germination by very low fluences of light and canopy shade light in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 110, 439-444.
9. Braslavsky, S.E., Gärtner, W. and Schaffner, K. (1997) Phytochrome photoconversion. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 700-706.
10. Carpita, N.C., Nabors, M.W., Ross, C.W. and Peteric, N.L. (1979) The growth physics and water relations of red light induced germination in lettuce seeds. III. Changes in the osmotic and pressure potential in the embryonic ones of red and far-red treated seeds. Planta 144, 217-224.
11. Casal, J.J., Sánchez, R.A., Di Benedetto, A.H. and De Miguel, L.C. (1991) Light promotion of seed germination in Datura ferox is mediated by a highly stable pool of phytochrome. Photochemistry and Photobiology 53, 249-254.
12. Casal, J.J., Sánchez, R.A. and Botto, J.F. (1998) Modes of action of phytochromes. Journal of Experimental Botany 49, 127-138.
13. Chory, J., Nagpal, P. and Peto, CA. (1991) Phenotypic and genetic analysis of det2, a new mutant that affects light-regulated seedling development. Plant Cell 3, 445-459.
14. Clough, R.C. and Viestra, R.D. (1997) Phytochrome degradation. Plant, Cell and Enviroment 20, 713-721.
15. Cone, J.W., Jaspers, P.A.P.M. and Kendrick, R.E. (1985) Biphasic fluence-response curves for light-induced germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Plant, Cell and Environment 8, 605-612.
16. Cone, J.W. and Kendrick, R.E. (1985) Fluence-response curves and action spectra for promotion and inhibition of seed germination in wildtype and long-hypocotyl mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Planta 163, 43-54.
17. Cone, J.W. and Kendrick, R.E. (1986) Photocontrol of seed germination. pp 443-465 in Kendrick, R.E.; Kronenberg, G.H.M. (Eds) Photomorphogenesis in plants. Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
18. Cresswell, E.G. and Grime, J.P. (1981) Induction of a light requirement during seed development and its ecological consequences. Nature 291, 583-585.
19. Cumming, B.G. (1963) Dependence of germination on photoperiod, light quality and temperature in Chenopodium spp. Canadian Journal of Botany 41, 1211-1233.
20. De Miguel, L.C. and Sánchez, R.A. (1992) Phytochrome-induced germination, endosperm softening and embryo growth potential in Datura ferox seeds: Sensitivity to low water potential and time to escape to FR reversal. Journal of Experimental Botany 43, 969-974.
21. De Petter, E., Van Wiemeersch, L., Rethy, R., Dedonder, A., Fredericq, H., De Greef, J., Steyaert, H. and Stevens, H. (1985) Probit analysis of low and very-low fluence-responses of phytochrome-controlled Kalanchoë blossfeldiana seed germination. Photochemistry and Photobiology 42, 697-703.
22. Dedonder, A., Rethy, R., Fredericq, H. and DeGreef, J.A. (1992) Phytochrome-mediated changes in the ATP content of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana seeds. Plant, Cell and Environment 15, 479-484.
23. Deng, X.W., Caspar, T. and Quail, RH. (1991) cop1: a regulatory locus involved in light-controlled development and gene expression in Arabidopsis. Genes & Development 15, 1172-1182.
24. Deregibus, V.A., Casal, J.J., Jacobo, E.J., Gibson, D., Kauffman, M. and Rodriguez, A. M. (1994) Evidence that heavy grazing may promote the germination of Lolium multiflorum seeds via phytochrome-mediated perception of high red/far red ratios. Functional Ecology 8, 536-542.
25. Deregibus, V.A., Sánchez, R.A., Casal, J.J. and Trlica, M.J. (1985) Tillering responses to enrichment of red light beneath the canopy in a humid natural grassland. Journal of Applied Ecology 22, 199-206.
26. Derkx, M.P.M. and Karssen, C.M. (1993a) Changing sensitivity to light and nitrate but not to gibberellins regulates seasonal dormancy patterns in Sisymbrium officinale seeds. Plant, Cell and Environment 16, 469-479.
27. Derkx, M.P.M. and Karssen, C.M. (1993b) Effects of light and temperature on seed dormancy and gibberellin-stimulated germination in Arabidopsis thaliana - Studies with gibberellin-deficient and gibberellin-insensitive mutants. Physiologia Plantarum 89, 360-368.
28. Frankland, B. (1981) Germination in shade. pp 187-204 in Smith, H. (Ed.) Plants and the daylight spectrum. London, Academic Press.
29. Frankland, B. (1986) Perception of light quantity. pp 219-235 in Kendrick, R.E.; Kronenberg, G.H.M. (Eds) Photomorphogenesis in plants. Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
30. Furuya, M. and Schäfer, E. (1996) Photoperception and signalling of induction reactions by different phytochromes. Trends in Plant Science 1, 301-307.
31. Furuya, M. and Song, P.-S. (1994) Assembly and properties of holophytochrome. pp 105-140 in Kendrick, R.E.; Kronenberg, G.H.M. (Eds) Photomorphogenesis in plants. Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
32. Georghiou, K. and Kendrick, R.E. (1991) The germination characteristics of phytochrome-deficient aurea mutant tomato seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 82, 127-133.
33. Grubišić, D. and Konjević, R. (1990) Light and nitrate interaction in phytochrome-controlled germination of Paulownia tomentosa seeds. Planta 181, 239-243.
34. Hartmann, K.M. (1966) A general hypothesis to interpret 'high energy phenomena' of photomorphogenesis on the basis of phytochrome. Photochemistry and Photobiology 5, 349-366.
35. Hendricks, S.B., Toole, V.K. and Borthwick, H.A. (1968) Opposing actions of light in seed germination of Poa pratensis and Amaranthus arenicola. Plant Physiology 43, 2023-2028.
36. Hilton, J.R. (1982) An unusual effect of the far-red absorbing form of phytochrome. Photoinhibition of seed germination in Bromus sterilis L. Planta 155, 524-528.
37. Hou, J.Q. and Simpson, G.M. (1993) Germination response to phytochrome depends on specific dormancy states in wild oat (Avena fatua). Canadian Journal of Botany 71, 1528-1532.
38. 3-mediated germination control in partially hydrated lettuce seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany 35, 1771-1781.
39. Insausti, R, Soriano, A. and Sánchez, R.A. (1995) Effects of flood-influenced factors on seed germination of Ambrosia tenuifolia. Oecologia 103, 127-132.
40. Johnson, E., Bradley, M., Harberd, P. and Whitelam, G.C. (1994) Photoresponses of light-grown phyA mutants of Arabidopsis. Phytochrome A is required for the perception of daylength extensions. Plant Physiology 105, 141-149.
41. Kendrick, R.E. and Frankland, B. (1969) Photocontrol of germination in Amaranthus caudatus. Planta 86, 326-339.
42. Kendrick, R.E. and Spruit, C.J.P. (1977) Phototransformations of phytochrome. Photochemistry and Photobiology 26, 201-214.
43. Kendrick, R.E., Spruit, C.J.R and Frankland, B. (1969) Phytochrome in seeds of Amaranthus caudatus. Planta 88, 293-302.
44. Koornneef, M., Rolf, E. and Spruit, C.J.P. (1980) Genetic control of light-inhibited hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie 100, 147-160.
45. Kristie, D.N. and Fielding, A. (1994) Influence of temperature on the Pfr level required for germination in lettuce cv. Grand Rapids. Seed Science Research 4, 19-25.
46. Kunkel, T., Neuhaus, G., Batschauer, A., Chua, N.-H. and Schäfer, E. (1996) Functional analysis of yeast-derived phytochrome A and B phycocyanobilin adducts. Plant Journal 10, 625-636.
47. Mancinelli, A.L. (1994) The physiology of phytochrome action. pp 211-269 in Kendrick, R. E.; Kronenberg, G.H.M. (Eds) Photomorphogenesis in plants. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
48. Mathews, S. and Sharrock, R.A. (1997) Phytochrome gene diversity. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 666-671.
49. McCormac, A.C., Smith, H. and Whitelam, G.C. (1993) Photoregulation of germination in seed of transgenic lines of tobacco and Arabidopsis which express an introduced cDNA encoding phytochrome A or phytochrome B. Planta 191, 386-393.
50. McCullough, J.M. and Shropshire Jr, W. (1970) Physiological predetermination of germination responses in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Plant and Cell Physiology 11, 139-148.
51. Mella, R.A., Maldonado, S. and Sánchez, R.A. (1995) Phytochrome-induced structural changes and protein degradation prior to radicle protrusion in Datura ferox seeds. Canadian Journal of Botany 73, 1371-1378.
52. Negbi, M., Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. (1968) Far-red sensitive dark processes essential for light and gibberellin induced germination of lettuce seed. Plant Physiology 43, 35-40.
53. Negbi, M. and Koller, D. (1964) Dual action of white light in the photocontrol of germination of Oryzopsis miliacea. Plant Physiology 39, 247-253.
54. Nomaguchi, M., Nonogaki, H. and Morohashi, Y. (1995) Development of galactomannan-hydrolyzing activity in the rnicropylar endosperm tip of tomato seed prior to germination. Physiologia Plantarum 94, 105-109.
55. Orlandini, M. and Malcoste, R. (1972) Étude du phytochrome des graines de Pinus nigra Arn par spectrophotometrie bichromatique in vivo. Planta 105, 310-316.
56. Orozco-Segovia, A., Sánchez-Coronado, M.E. and Vazquez-Yañez, C. (1993) Effect of maternal light environment on seed germination in Piper auritum. Functional Ecology 7, 395-402.
57. 1? Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 24, 389-394.
58. Pons, T.L. (1992) Seed responses to light pp 259-284 in Fenner, M. (Ed.) Seeds. The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Wallingford, CAB INTERNATIONAL.
59. Poppe, C. and Schäfer, E. (1997) Seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana phyA/phyB double mutants is under phytochrome control. Plant Physiology 114, 1487-1492.
60. Pratt, L.H., Cordonier-Pratt, M.-M., Kelmenson, P.M., Lazarova, G.I., Kubota, T. and Alba, R.M. (1997) The phytochrome gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 672-677.
61. Probert, R.J., Smith, R.D. and Birch, P. (1985) Germination responses to light and alternating temperatures in European populations of Dactylis glomerata L. IV. The effects of storage. New Phytologist 101, 521-529.
62. Psaras, G., Georghiou, K. and Mitrakos, K. (1981) Red-light induced endosperm preparation for radicle protrusion of lettuce embryos. Botanical Gazette 142, 13-18.
63. Qamaruddin, M. and Tillberg, E. (1989) Rapid effects of red light on the isopentenyladenosine content in Scots pine seeds. Plant Physiology 91, 5-8.
64. Rethy, R., Dedonder, A., Cappelle, M., Fredericq, H. and De Greef, J. (1990) Long-lasting light effects in imbibed Kalanchoë blossfeldiana seeds in the presence of gibberellic acid. Plant Physiology 93, 333-338.
65. Rethy, R., Dedonder, A., De Petter, E., Van Wiemeerschi, L., Fredericq, H., De Greef, J., Steyaert, H. and Stevens, H. (1987) Biphasic fluence-response curves for phytochrome-mediated Kalanchoë seed germination. Plant Physiology 83, 126-130.
66. Ruddat, A., Schmidt, P., Gatz, C., Braslavsky, S.E., Gärtner, W. and Schaffner, K. (1997) Recombinant type A and B phytochromes from potato. Transient absorption spectroscopy. Biochemistry 36, 103-111.
67. Rüdiger, W. and Thümmler, E (1994) The phytochrome chromophore, pp 51-69 in Kendrick, R.E.; Kronenberg, G.H.M. (Eds) Photomorphogenesis in plants. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
68. Saini, H.S., Consolacion, E.D., Bassi, P.K. and Spencer, M.S. (1989) Control processes in the induction and relief of thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination. Actions of phytochrome and endogenous ethylene. Plant Physiology 90, 311-315.
69. Sánchez, R.A, and de Miguel, L. (1992) Phytochrome-induced germination, endosperm softening and embryo growth potential in Datura ferox seeds: sensitivity to low water potential and time to escape to FR reversal. Journal of Experimental Botany 43, 969-974.
70. Sánchez, R.A. and de Miguel, L.C. (1985) The effect of red light, ABA and K+ on the growth rate of Datura ferox embryos and its relations with the photocontrol of germination. Botanical Gazette 146, 472-476.
71. Sánchez, R.A. and de Miguel, L.C. (1997) Phytochrome promotion of mannan-degrading enzyme activities in the micropylar endosperm of Datura ferox seeds requires the presence of the embryo and gibberellin synthesis. Seed Science Research 7, 127-33.
72. Sánchez, R.A., Sunell, L., Labavitch, J. and Bonner, B.A. (1990) Changes in endosperm cell walls of two Datura species before radicle protrusion. Plant Physiology 93, 89-97.
73. Schmidt, W. and Schäfer, E. (1974) Dependence of phytochrome dark reactions on the initial photostationary state. Planta 116, 267-272.
74. Schopfer, P. and Plachy, C. (1993) Photoinhibition of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed germination: control of growth potential by cell-wall yielding in the embryo. Plant, Cell and Environment 16, 223-229.
75. Scopel, A.L., Ballaré, C.L. and Sánchez, R.A. (1991) Induction of extreme light sensitivity in buried weed seeds and its role in the perception of soil cultivations. Plant, Cell and Environment 14, 501-508.
76. Shinomura, T. (1997) Phytochrome regulation of seed germination. Journal of Plant Research 110, 151-161.
77. Shinomura, T., Nagatani, A., Chory, J. and Furuya, M. (1994) The induction of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana is regulated principally by phytochrome B and secondarily by phytochrome A. Plant Physiology 104, 363-371.
78. Shinomura, T., Nagatani, A., Hanzawa, H., Kubota, M. Watanabe, M. and Furuya, M. (1996) Action spectra for phytochrome A-and phytochrome B-specific photoinduction of seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 93, 8129-8133.
79. Smith, H. (1973) Light quality and germination: Ecological implications, pp 219-231 in Heydecker, W. (Ed.) Seed ecology. London, Butterworths.
80. Somers, D.E., Sharrock, R.A., Tepperman, J.M. and Quail, P.H. (1991) The hy3 long hypocotyl mutant of Arabidopsis is deficient in phytochrome B. Plant Cell 3, 1263-1274.
81. Song, P.-S., Park, M.H. and Furuya, M. (1997) Chromophore: apoprotein interactions in phytochrome A. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 707-712.
82. Taylorson, R.B. (1972) Phytochrome controlled changes in dormancy and germination of buried weed seeds. Weed Science 20, 417-422.
83. Taylorson, R.B. and Borthwick, H.A. (1969) Light filtration by foliar canopies: significance for light-controlled weed-seed germination. Weed Science 17, 48-51.
84. Terry, M.J. (1997) Phytochrome chromophore-deficient mutants. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 740-745.
85. Tillberg, E. and Björkman, P.-O. (1993) Effect of red and farred irradiation on ABA and IAA content in Pinus sylvestris L. seeds during the escape time period from photocontrol. Plant Growth Regulation 13, 1-6.
86. Torii, K.U. and Deng, X.W. (1997) The role of COP1 in light control of Arabidopsis seedling development. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 728-733.
87. Toyomasu, T., Tsuji, H., Yamane, H., Nakayama, M., Yamaguchi, I., Murofushi, N., Takahashi, N. and Inoue, Y. (1993) Light effects on endogenous levels of gibberellins in photoblastic lettuce seeds. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 12, 85-90.
88. van Tuinen, A., Kerckhoffs, L.H.J., Nagatani, A., Kendrick, R.E. and Koornneef, M. (1995) Far-red light insensitive, phytochrome A deficient mutants of tomato. Molecular and General Genetics 246, 133-141.
89. VanDerWoude, W.J. (1985) A dimeric mechanism for the action of phytochrome: evidence from phototermal interactions in lettuce seed germination. Photochemistry and Photobiology 42, 655-661.
90. Vázquez-Yañez, C and Orozco-Segovia, A. (1994) Signals for seeds to sense and respond to gaps. pp 261-318 in Caldwell, M.; Pearcy, R (Eds) Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants: Ecophysiologycal processes above and below ground. New York, Academic Press.
91. Vázquez-Yañez, C. and Smith, H. (1982) Phytochrome control of seed germination in the tropical rain forest pioneer trees Cecropia obtusfolia and Piper auritum and its ecological significance. New Phytologist 92, 477-485.
92. Wei, N. and Deng, X.-W. (1992) COP9: A new genetic locus involved in light-regulated development and gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 4, 1507-1518.
93. Wei, N., Kwowk, S.F., von Arnim, A.G., Lee, A., McNellis, T.W., Piekos, B. and Deng, X.-W. (1994) Arabidopsis COP8, COP10, and COP11 genes are involved in repression of photomorphogenic development in darkness. Plant Cell 6, 629-643.
94. Whitelam, G.C., Johnson, E., Peng, J., Carol, P., Anderson, M.L., Cowl, J.S. and Harberd, N.P. (1993) Phytochrome A null mutants of Arabidopsis display a wild-type phenotype in white light. Plant Cell 5, 757-768.
95. Wulff, R.D. (1985) Germination of seeds of different sizes in Hyptis suaveolens: the response to irradiance and mixed red-far-red sources. Canadian Journal of Botany 63, 885-888.
96. Yang, Y-Y., Nagatani, A., Zhao, Y.-J., Kang, B.-J., Kendrick, R.E. and Kamiya, Y. (1995) Effects of gibberellins on seed germination of phytochrome-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology 36, 1205-1211.
97. Yanovsky, M.J., Casal, J.J. and Luppi, J.P. (1997) The VLF loci, polymorphic between ecotypes Landsberg erecta and Columbia dissect two branches of phytochrome A signalling pathways that correspond to the very-low fluence and high-irradiance responses of phytochrome. Plant Journal 12, 659-667.