Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia: Dilemmas in diagnosis and clinical management

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 671-692

  Demitrack, M A ^a  

^a ELI LILLY AND COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; FIBROMYALGIA; HUMAN; NEUROENDOCRINE DISEASE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REVIEW; SLEEP; TREATMENT PLANNING;

EID: 0031667920     PISSN: 0193953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70031-9     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. T.A. Ahles M.B. Yunus S.O. Riley Psychologic factors associated with primary fibromyalgia syndromes Arthritis Rheum 27 1984 1101 1105
2. W. Balfour Observations with cases illustrative of new, simple, and expeditious mode of curing rheumatism and sprains Lond Med Phys J 51 1824 446 462
3. G.M. Beard Neurasthenia or nervous exhaustion Boston Med Surg J III 1869 217 221
4. G.M. Beard A Practical Treatise on Nervous Exhaustion (Neurasthenia): Its Symptoms, Nature, Sequences, Treatment ed 2 1880 William Wood New York
5. J. Bearn T. Allain P. Coskeran Neuroendocrine responses to d-fenfluramine and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in chronic fatigue syndrome Biol Psychiatry 37 1995 245 252
6. M.R. Brown L.A. Fisher J. Spiess Corticotropin-releasing factor: Actions on the sympathetic nervous system and metabolism Endocrinology 111 1982 928 931
7. D. Buchwald D.L. Goldenberg J.L. Sullivan The “chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection” syndrome and primary fibromyalgia Arthritis Rheum 30 1987 1132 1136
8. M. Calgiuri C. Murray D. Buchwald Phenotypic and functional deficiency of natural killer cells in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome J Immunol 139 1987 3306 3313
9. B.J. Carroll G.C. Curtis J. Mendels Neuroendocrine regulation in depression I: Limbic system-adrenocortical dysfunction Arch Gen Psychiatry 33 1976 1039 1044
10. C.C. Chao M. Gallagher J. Phair Serum Neopterin and Interleukin-6 Levels in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome J Inf Dis 162 1990 1412 1413
11. C.C. Chao E.N. Janoff S. Hu Altered cytokine release in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome Cytokine 3 1991 292 298
12. P.R. Cheney S.E. Dorman D.S. Bell Interleukin-2 and the chronic fatigue syndrome Ann Int Med 110 1989 321
13. S. Clark S.M. Campbell M.E. Forehand Clinical characteristics of fibrositis. II: A “blinded” controlled study using standard psychological tests Arthritis Rheum 28 1985 132 137
14. A.J. Cleare J. Bearn T. Allain Contrasting neuroendocrine responses in depression and chronic fatigue syndrome J Aff Dis 35 1995 283 289
15. H. Cope A. David A. Pelosi Predictors of chronic “postviral” fatigue Lancet 344 1994 864 868
16. L.J. Crofford S.R. Pillemer K.T. Kalogeras Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis perturbations in patients with fibromyalgia Arthritis Rheum 37 1994 1583 1592
17. A. Deale T. Chalder I. Marks Cognitive behavior therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: A randomized controlled trial Am J Psychiatry 154 1997 408 414
18. M.A. Demitrack J.K. Dale S.E. Straus Evidence for impaired activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome J Clin Endo Metab 73 1991 1224 1234
19. M.A. Demitrack S.E. Abbey Historical overview and evolution of contemporary definitions of chronic fatigue states M.A. Demitrack S.E. Abbey Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Integrative Approach to Evaluation and Treatment 1996 Guilford Press New York 3 35
20. M.A. Demitrack Psychopharmacologic principles in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome M.A. Demitrack S.E. Abbey Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Integrative Approach to Evaluation and Treatment 1996 Guilford Press New York 263 286
21. P. Disdier J.-R. Harle T. Brue Severe fibromyalgia after hypophysectomy for Cushing's disease Arthr Rheum 34 1991 493 495
22. R.B. Dixon N.P. Christy On the various forms of corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome Am J Med 68 1980 224 230
23. R.E. DuBois J.K. Seeley I. Brus Chronic mononucleosis syndrome S Med J 77 1984 1376 1382
24. M.A. Fitzcharles J.M. Esdaile Nonphysician practitioner treatments and fibromyalgia syndrome J Rheumatol 24 1997 937 940
25. M.A. Fitzcharles J.M. Esdaile The overdiagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome Am J Med 103 1997 44 50
26. K.Y. Fulcher P.D. White Randomised controlled trial of graded exercise in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome BMJ 314 1997 1647 1652
27. A.D. Futterman M.E. Kemeny D. Shapiro Immunological and physiological changes associated with induced positive and negative mood Psychosom Med 56 1994 499 511
28. K. Fukuda S.E. Straus I. Hickie The chronic fatigue syndrome: A comprehensive approach to its definition and study Ann Intern Med 121 1994 953 959
29. R. Glaser G.R. Pearson J.F. Jones Stress-Related Activation of Epstein-Barr Virus Brain Behav Immunity 5 1991 219 232
30. D. Gold R. Bowden J. Sixbey Chronic fatigue: A prospective clinical and virologic study JAMA 264 1990 48 53
31. D.L. Goldenberg Psychiatric and psychologic aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome Rheum Dis Clin N Amer 15 1989 105 114
32. D.L. Goldenberg R.W. Simms A. Geiger High frequency of fibromyalgia in patients with chronic fatigue seen in a primary care practice Arthritis Rheum 33 3 1990 381 387
33. D.L. Goldenberg Fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and myofascial pain syndrome Curr Opinion Rheum 3 1991 247 258
34. W.R. Gowers Lumbago: Its lessons and analogues BMJ 1 1904 117 121
35. E.N. Griep J.W. Boersma E.R. deKloet Altered reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome J Rheum 20 1993 469 474
36. S. Gupta B. Vayuvegula A comprehensive immunological analysis in chronic fatigue syndrome Scand J Immunol 33 1991 319 327
37. W.C. Hellinger T.F. Smith R.E. Van Scoy Chronic fatigue syndrome and the diagnostic utility of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus early antigen JAMA 260 1988 971 973
38. I. Hickie A. Lloyd D. Wakefield The psychiatric status of patients with chronic fatigue Br J Psychiatry 156 1990 534 540
39. G.P. Holmes J.E. Kaplan N.M. Gantz Chronic fatigue syndrome: A working case definition Ann Intern Med 108 1988 387 389
40. M. Hotopf N. Noah S. Wessely Chronic fatigue and minor psychiatric morbidity after viral meningitis: A controlled study J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60 1996 504 509
41. D.O. Ho-Yen R.W. Billington J. Urquhart Natural killer cells and the post viral fatigue syndrome Scand J Infect Dis 23 1991 711 716
42. J.L. Hudson M.S. Hudson L.F. Pliner Fibromyalgia and major affective disorder: A controlled phenomenology and family history study Am J Psychiatry 142 1985 441 446
43. M. Irwin A. Mascovich J.C. Gillin Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans Psychosom Med 56 1994 493 498
44. J.F. Jones G. Ray L.L. Minnich Evidence for active Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with persistent, unexplained illnesses: Elevated anti-early antigen antibodies Ann Int Med 102 1985 1 7
45. J.R. Joseph-Vanderpool N.E. Rosenthal G.P. Chrousos Abnormal pituitary-adrenal responses to CRH in patients with seasonal affective disorder: Clinical and pathophysiological implications J Clin Endo Metab 72 1991 1382 1387
46. J. Joyce M. Hotopf S. Wessely The prognosis of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review Q J Med 90 1997 223 233
47. W. Katon D. Buchwald G. Simon Psychiatric illness in patients with chronic fatigue and rheumatoid arthritis J Gen Int Med 6 1991 277 285
48. W. Katon J. Russo Chronic fatigue syndrome criteria: A critique of the requirement for multiple physical complaints Arch Int Med 152 1992 1604 1616
49. T.C. Kamilaris C.R. DeBold S.N. Pavlou Effect of altered thyroid hormone levels on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function J Clin Endo Metab 65 1987 994 999
50. R. Kibler D.O. Lucas M.J. Hicks Immune function in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection J Clin Immunol 5 1985 46 54
51. L.J. Kirmayer J.M. Robbins M.A. Kapusta Somatization and depression in fibromyalgia syndrome Am J Psychiatry 145 1988 950 954
52. N.G. Klimas F.R. Salvato R. Morgan Immunological abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome J Clin Microbiol 28 1990 1403 1410
53. M.A. Kling A. Roy A.R. Doran Cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive CRH and ACTH secretion in Cushing's disease and major depression: Potential clinical implications J Clin Endo Metab 72 1991 260 271
54. A.L. Komaroff D. Buchwald Symptoms and signs of chronic fatigue syndrome Rev Inf Dis 13 suppl 1 1991 S8 S11
55. M.J.P. Kruesi J.K. Dale S.E. Straus Psychiatric diagnoses in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome J Clin Psychiatry 50 1989 53 56
56. A.L. Landay C. Jessop E.T. Lennette Chronic fatigue syndrome: Clinical condition associated with immune activation Lancet 338 8769 1991 707 712
57. G. Leese P. Chattington W. Fraser Short-term night-shift working mimics the pituitary-adrenocortical dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome J Clin Endo Metab 81 5 1996 1867 1870
58. A. Linde B. Andersson S.B. Svenson Serum levels of lymphokines and soluble cellular receptors in primary Epstein-Barr virus infection and in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome J Infect Dis 165 1992 994 1000
59. A.R. Lloyd D. Wakefield C.R. Boughton Immunological abnormalities in the chronic fatigue syndrome Med J Austral 151 1989 122 124
60. A. Lloyd I. Hickie D. Wakefield A double-blind, placebo controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome Am J Med 89 1990 561 568
61. A.R. Lloyd I. Hickie A. Brockman Cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and control subjects J Infection 164 1991 1023 1024
62. A.R. Lloyd I. Hickie C. Hickie Cell-mediated immunity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, healthy control subjects and patients with major depression Clin Exp Immunol 87 1992 76 79
63. A.R. Lloyd I. Hickie A. Brockman Immunologic and psychologic therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Am J Med 94 1993 197 203
64. M. Maes J. Lambrechts E. Bosmans Evidence for a systemic immune activation during depression: Results of leucocyte enumeration by flow cytometry in conjunction with monoclonal antibody staining Psychol Med 22 1992 45 53
65. M. Maes E. Bosmans H.Y. Meltzer Interleukin-1b: A putative mediator of HPA axis hyperactivity in major depression? Am J Psychiatry 150 1993 1189 1193
66. R. Manningham The symptoms, nature, causes, and cure of the febricula, or little fever 1750 J Robinson London
67. P. Manu D.A. Matthews T.J. Lane Depression among patients with a chief complaint of chronic fatigue J Aff Dis 17 1989 165 172
68. H. Moldofsky P. Scarisbrick R. England Musculoskeletal symptoms and nonREM sleep disturbance in patients with “fibrositis syndrome” and healthy subjects Psychosom Med 37 1975 341 351
69. P.M. Nicassio C. Schuman J. Kim Psychosocial factors associated with complementary treatment use in fibromyalgia J Rheumatol 24 1997 2008 2013
70. T. Pawlikowska T. Chalder S.R. Hirsch Population based study of fatigue and psychological distress BMJ 308 1994 763 766
71. T.C. Payne F. Leavitt D.C. Garron Fibrositis and Psychologic Disturbances Arthritis Rheum 25 1982 213 217
72. M. Peakman A. Deale R. Field Clinical improvement in chronic fatigue syndrome is not associated with lymphocyte subsets of function or activation Clin Immunol Immunopath 82 1997 83 91
73. C. Pepper L. Krupp F. Friedberg A comparison of neuropsychiatric characteristics in chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and major depression J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci 5 1993 200 205
74. P.K. Peterson J. Shepard M. Macres A controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin G in chronic fatigue syndrome Am J Med 89 1990 554 560
75. F.M. Quitkin P.J. McGrath J.W. Stewart Phenelzine and imipramine in mood reactive depressives: Further delineation of the syndrome of atypical depression Arch Gen Psychiatry 46 1989 787 793
76. N.E. Rosenthal D.A. Sack J.C. Gillin Seasonal affective disorder: A description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy Arch Gen Psychiatry 41 1984 72 80
77. I.J. Russell M.D. Orr B. Littman Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome Arthritis Rheum 37 1994 1593 1601
78. E.J. Sachar L. Hellman H.P. Roffwarg Disrupted 24 hour patterns of cortisol secretion in psychotic depressives Arch Gen Psychiatry 28 1973 19 24
79. I. Salit Precipitating factors for the chronic fatigue syndrome J Psychiatric Res 31 1 1997 59 65
80. A. Schluederberg S.E. Straus P. Peterson Chronic fatigue syndrome research: Definition and medical outcome assessment Ann Int Med 117 1992 325 331
81. M.C. Sharpe L.C. Archard J.E. Banatvala A report: Chronic fatigue syndrome: Guidelines for research J Roy Soc Med 84 1991 118 121
82. M. Sharpe K. Hawton V. Seagroatt Follow up of patients presenting with fatigue to an infectious diseases clinic BMJ 305 1994 147 152
83. M. Sharpe K. Hawton S. Simkin Cognitive behavior therapy for the chronic fatigue syndrome: A randomized controlled trial BMJ 312 1996 22 26
84. E.M. Sternberg J.M. Hill G.P. Chrousos Inflammatory mediator-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation is defective in streptococcal cell wall arthritis-susceptible rats Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 1989 2374 2378
85. E.M. Sternberg W.S. Young III R. Bernardini A central nervous system defect in biosynthesis of corticotropin-releasing hormone is associated with susceptibility to streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis in Lewis rats Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 1989 4771 4775
86. S.E. Straus G. Tosato G. Armstrong Persisting illness and fatigue in adults with evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection Ann Int Med 102 1985 7 16
87. S.E. Straus J.K. Dale M. Tobi Acyclovir treatment of the chronic fatigue syndrome: Lack of efficacy in a placebo-controlled trial N Engl J Med 319 1988 1692 1698
88. S.E. Straus J.K. Dale J.B. Peter Circulating lymphokine levels in the chronic fatigue syndrome J Infect Dis 160 1989 1085 1086
89. S.E. Straus S. Fritz J. Dale Lymphocyte phenotype analysis suggests chronic immune stimulation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome J Clin Immunol 13 1993 30 40
90. W. Strober Immunological function in chronic fatigue syndrome S.E. Straus Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1994 Marcel Dekker New York 207 237
91. C.V. Sumaya Serologic and virologic epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus: Relevance to chronic fatigue syndrome Rev Inf Dis 13 suppl 1 1991 S19 S25
92. R.E. Sutton G.F. Koob M. LeMoal Corticotropin-releasing factor produces behavioural activation in rats Nature 297 1982 331 333
93. N.R. Swerdlow M.A. Geyer W.W. Vale Corticotropin-releasing factor potentiates acoustic startle in rats: Blockade by chlordiazepoxide Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 88 1986 147 152
94. N. Takasu I. Komiya Y. Nagasawa Exacerbation of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction after unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenocortical adenoma N Engl J Med 322 1990 1708 1712
95. M. Tobi A. Morag Z. Ravid Prolonged atypical illness associated with serological evidence of persistent Epstein-Barr virus infection Lancet 9 1982 61 64
96. G. Tosato S.E. Straus W. Henle Characteristic T cell dysfunction in patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (chronic infectious mononucleosis) J Immunol 134 1985 3082 3088
97. F. Valleix Traite des neuralgies au affections douloureuses des nerfs 1841 JB Bailliere Paris, France
98. S. Wessely Chronic fatigue syndrome: Summary of a report of a joint committee of the Royal Colleges of Physicians, Psychiatrists and General Practitioners J Roy Coll Phys Lond 30 1996 497 504
99. S. Wessely R. Powell Fatigue syndromes: A comparison of chronic “postviral” fatigue with neuromuscular and affective disorders J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52 1989 940 948
100. S. Wessely T. Chalder S. Hirsch Postinfectious fatigue: Prospective cohort study in primary care Lancet 345 1995 1333 1338
101. P.D. White J.M. Thomas J. Amess The existence of a fatigue syndrome after glandular fever Psychol Med 25 1995 907 916
102. A. Wilson I. Hickie A. Lloyd Longitudinal study of chronic fatigue syndrome BMJ 308 1994 756 759
103. F. Wolfe M.A. Cathey S.M. Kleinhenksel Psychologic status in primary fibrositis and fibrositis associated with rheumatoid arthritis J Rheumatol 11 1984 500 506
104. F. Wolfe H.A. Smythe M.B. Yunus The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia Arthritis Rheum 33 1990 160 172
105. B. Wood S. Wessely A. Papadopoulos Salivary cortisol profiles in chronic fatigue syndrome Neuropsychobiol 37 1998 1 4
106. L.N. Yatham R.L. Morehouse B.T. Chisholm Neuroendocrine assessment of serotonin (5-HT) function in chronic fatigue syndrome Can J Psychiatry 40 1995 93 96
107. M. Yunus A.T. Masi J.J. Calabro Primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis): Clinical study of 50 patients with matched normal controls Sem Arthr Rheum 11 1981 151 171