메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 68, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-23

The consequences of changing the top predator in a food web: A comparative experimental approach

Author keywords

Coexistence; Community structure; Density dependence; Enallagma; Food limitation; Food web; Ischnura; Odonata; Predation; Resource competition; Trade offs; Trophic structure

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY RESPONSE; FOOD WEB; LAKE; PREDATOR; REMOVAL EXPERIMENT; TROPHIC CASCADE;

EID: 0031665103     PISSN: 00129615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0001:TCOCTT]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (250)

References (164)
  • 1
    • 0027868492 scopus 로고
    • Effects of adaptive predatory and anti-predator behaviour in a two-prey-one-predator system
    • Abrams, P. A., and H. Matsuda. 1993. Effects of adaptive predatory and anti-predator behaviour in a two-prey-one-predator system. Evolutionary Ecology 7:312-326.
    • (1993) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 312-326
    • Abrams, P.A.1    Matsuda, H.2
  • 2
    • 0025683626 scopus 로고
    • An experimental separation of interference and exploitative competition in a larval damselfly
    • Anholt, B. R. 1990. An experimental separation of interference and exploitative competition in a larval damselfly. Ecology 71:1483-1493.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1483-1493
    • Anholt, B.R.1
  • 3
    • 0027332784 scopus 로고
    • Zooplankton assemblages in fishless bog lakes:influence of biotic and abiotic factors
    • Arnott, S. E., and M. J. Vanni. 1993. Zooplankton assemblages in fishless bog lakes:influence of biotic and abiotic factors. Ecology 74:2361-2380.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 2361-2380
    • Arnott, S.E.1    Vanni, M.J.2
  • 5
    • 0022853807 scopus 로고
    • The effects of fish and pH on the distribution and abundance of backswimmers (Hemiptera:Notonectidae)
    • Bendell, B. E. 1986. The effects of fish and pH on the distribution and abundance of backswimmers (Hemiptera:Notonectidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:2696-2699.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.64 , pp. 2696-2699
    • Bendell, B.E.1
  • 6
    • 0000966769 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among coexisting predators - A field experiment with dragonfly larvae
    • Benke, A. C. 1978. Interactions among coexisting predators - a field experiment with dragonfly larvae. Journal of Animal Ecology 47:335-350.
    • (1978) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.47 , pp. 335-350
    • Benke, A.C.1
  • 7
    • 0020438367 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among coexisting larval Odonata:an in situ experiment using small enclosures
    • Benke, A. C., P. H. Crowley, and D. M. Johnson. 1982. Interactions among coexisting larval Odonata:an in situ experiment using small enclosures. Hydrobiologia 94:121-130.
    • (1982) Hydrobiologia , vol.94 , pp. 121-130
    • Benke, A.C.1    Crowley, P.H.2    Johnson, D.M.3
  • 8
    • 0027525774 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to single resources and the evolution of crossbill (Loxia) diversity
    • Benkman, C. W. 1993. Adaptation to single resources and the evolution of crossbill (Loxia) diversity. Ecological Monographs 63:305-325.
    • (1993) Ecological Monographs , vol.63 , pp. 305-325
    • Benkman, C.W.1
  • 9
    • 0022167250 scopus 로고
    • A mechanistic interpretation of prey selection by Anax junius larvae (Odonata:Aeshnidae)
    • Bergelson, J. M. 1985. A mechanistic interpretation of prey selection by Anax junius larvae (Odonata:Aeshnidae). Ecology 66:1699-705.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 1699-1705
    • Bergelson, J.M.1
  • 10
    • 0000273415 scopus 로고
    • On the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous arthropods
    • Bernays, E., and M. Graham. 1988. On the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous arthropods. Ecology 69:886-892.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 886-892
    • Bernays, E.1    Graham, M.2
  • 11
    • 0022854808 scopus 로고
    • Limnetic herbivory:effects on phytoplankton populations and primary productivity
    • Berquist, A. M., and S. R. Carpenter. 1986. Limnetic herbivory:effects on phytoplankton populations and primary productivity. Ecology 67:1351-1360.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1351-1360
    • Berquist, A.M.1    Carpenter, S.R.2
  • 12
    • 0025693703 scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of predators on the dominant invertebrates of two freshwater littoral communities
    • Blois-Heulin, C., P. H. Crowley, M. Arrington, and D. M. Johnson. 1990. Direct and indirect effects of predators on the dominant invertebrates of two freshwater littoral communities. Oecologia 84:295-306.
    • (1990) Oecologia , vol.84 , pp. 295-306
    • Blois-Heulin, C.1    Crowley, P.H.2    Arrington, M.3    Johnson, D.M.4
  • 13
    • 20844439760 scopus 로고
    • Predation, body size, and composition of plankton
    • Brooks, J. L., and S. I. Dodson. 1965. Predation, body size, and composition of plankton. Science 150:28-35.
    • (1965) Science , vol.150 , pp. 28-35
    • Brooks, J.L.1    Dodson, S.I.2
  • 15
    • 0024484090 scopus 로고
    • Desert rodent community structure:a test of four mechanisms of coexistence
    • Brown, J. S. 1989. Desert rodent community structure:a test of four mechanisms of coexistence. Ecological Monographs 59:1-20.
    • (1989) Ecological Monographs , vol.59 , pp. 1-20
    • Brown, J.S.1
  • 16
    • 0027044143 scopus 로고
    • Organization of predator-prey communities as an evolutionary game
    • _. 1992. Organization of predator-prey communities as an evolutionary game. Evolution 46:1269-1283.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1269-1283
  • 17
    • 0022166447 scopus 로고
    • Predation and the distribution and abundance of a pulmonate pond snail
    • Brown, K. M., and D. R. DeVries. 1985. Predation and the distribution and abundance of a pulmonate pond snail. Oecologia (Berlin) 66:93-99.
    • (1985) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.66 , pp. 93-99
    • Brown, K.M.1    DeVries, D.R.2
  • 20
    • 0020897297 scopus 로고
    • The estimation and analysis of preference and its relationship to foraging models
    • Chesson, J. 1983. The estimation and analysis of preference and its relationship to foraging models. Ecology 64:1297-1304.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1297-1304
    • Chesson, J.1
  • 22
    • 0001262894 scopus 로고
    • The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus
    • Connell, J. 1961. The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus. Ecology 42:710-723.
    • (1961) Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 710-723
    • Connell, J.1
  • 23
    • 0021545818 scopus 로고
    • Fish predation on Notonecta (Hemiptera):relationship between prey risk and habitat utilization
    • Cook, W. L., and F. A. Streams. 1984. Fish predation on Notonecta (Hemiptera):relationship between prey risk and habitat utilization. Oecologia (Berlin) 64:177-183.
    • (1984) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.64 , pp. 177-183
    • Cook, W.L.1    Streams, F.A.2
  • 24
    • 0242424880 scopus 로고
    • Bluegills dominate production in a mixed population of fishes
    • Cooper, E. L., C. C. Wagner, and G. E. Krantz. 1971. Bluegills dominate production in a mixed population of fishes. Ecology 52:280-290.
    • (1971) Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 280-290
    • Cooper, E.L.1    Wagner, C.C.2    Krantz, G.E.3
  • 25
    • 0020378057 scopus 로고
    • Habitat structural complexity and the interaction between bluegills and their prey
    • Crowder, L. B., and W. E. Cooper. 1982. Habitat structural complexity and the interaction between bluegills and their prey. Ecology 63:1802-1813.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1802-1813
    • Crowder, L.B.1    Cooper, W.E.2
  • 26
    • 0023509569 scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific interference among larvae in a semivoltine dragonfly population
    • Crowley, P. H., P. M. Dillon, D. M. Johnson, and C. N. Watson. 1987. Intraspecific interference among larvae in a semivoltine dragonfly population. Oecologia (Berlin) 71:447-456.
    • (1987) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.71 , pp. 447-456
    • Crowley, P.H.1    Dillon, P.M.2    Johnson, D.M.3    Watson, C.N.4
  • 27
    • 0020383238 scopus 로고
    • Habitat and seasonality as niche axes in an odonate community
    • Crowley, P. H., and D. M. Johnson. 1982. Habitat and seasonality as niche axes in an odonate community. Ecology 63:1064-1077.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1064-1077
    • Crowley, P.H.1    Johnson, D.M.2
  • 28
    • 0027331242 scopus 로고
    • Size-dependent diel foraging periodicity of a mayfly grazer in streams with and without fish
    • Culp, J. M., and G. J. Scrimgeour. 1993. Size-dependent diel foraging periodicity of a mayfly grazer in streams with and without fish. Oikos 68:242-250.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.68 , pp. 242-250
    • Culp, J.M.1    Scrimgeour, G.J.2
  • 29
    • 0024257509 scopus 로고
    • Empirical relationships of phytomacrofaunal abundance to plant biomass and macrophyte bed characteristics
    • Cyr, H., and J. A. Downing. 1988. Empirical relationships of phytomacrofaunal abundance to plant biomass and macrophyte bed characteristics. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:976-984.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.45 , pp. 976-984
    • Cyr, H.1    Downing, J.A.2
  • 30
    • 0020386128 scopus 로고
    • Competition among cladocerans:Nature of the interaction between Bosmina and Daphnia
    • DeMott, W. R., and W. C. Kerfoot. 1982. Competition among cladocerans:Nature of the interaction between Bosmina and Daphnia. Ecology 63:1949-1966.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1949-1966
    • DeMott, W.R.1    Kerfoot, W.C.2
  • 31
    • 0023488167 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fish on feeding and growth of larval Ischnura verticalis (Coenagrionidae:Odonata)
    • Dixon, S. M., and R. L. Baker. 1987. Effects of fish on feeding and growth of larval Ischnura verticalis (Coenagrionidae:Odonata). Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:2276-2279.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.65 , pp. 2276-2279
    • Dixon, S.M.1    Baker, R.L.2
  • 32
    • 0024184342 scopus 로고
    • Effects of size on predation risk, behavioural response to fish, and cost of reduced feeding in larval Ischnura verticalis (Coenagrionidae:Odonata)
    • Dixon, S. M., and R. L. Baker. 1988. Effects of size on predation risk, behavioural response to fish, and cost of reduced feeding in larval Ischnura verticalis (Coenagrionidae:Odonata). Oecologia (Berlin) 76:200-205.
    • (1988) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.76 , pp. 200-205
    • Dixon, S.M.1    Baker, R.L.2
  • 33
    • 85025055338 scopus 로고
    • Complementary feeding niches maintained by size-selective predation
    • Dodson, S. I. 1970. Complementary feeding niches maintained by size-selective predation. Limnology and Oceanography 15:131-137.
    • (1970) Limnology and Oceanography , vol.15 , pp. 131-137
    • Dodson, S.I.1
  • 34
    • 0000743881 scopus 로고
    • Zooplankton competition and predation:an experimental test of the size-efficiency hypothesis
    • _. 1974. Zooplankton competition and predation:an experimental test of the size-efficiency hypothesis. Ecology 55:605-613.
    • (1974) Ecology , vol.55 , pp. 605-613
  • 35
    • 0000651050 scopus 로고
    • Butterflies and plants:a study in coevolution
    • Ehrlich, P. R., and P. H. Raven. 1964. Butterflies and plants:a study in coevolution. Evolution 18:586-608.
    • (1964) Evolution , vol.18 , pp. 586-608
    • Ehrlich, P.R.1    Raven, P.H.2
  • 37
    • 0021593401 scopus 로고
    • The diet and foraging behavior of the larval dragonfly Anax junius (Aeshnidae), with an assessment of the role of refuges and prey activity
    • Folsom, T. C., and N. C. Collins. 1984. The diet and foraging behavior of the larval dragonfly Anax junius (Aeshnidae), with an assessment of the role of refuges and prey activity. Oikos 42:105-113.
    • (1984) Oikos , vol.42 , pp. 105-113
    • Folsom, T.C.1    Collins, N.C.2
  • 38
    • 0026499614 scopus 로고
    • Nonlethal impacts of predator invasion:facultative suppression of growth and reproduction
    • Fraser, D. F., and J. F. Gilliam. 1992. Nonlethal impacts of predator invasion:facultative suppression of growth and reproduction. Ecology 73:959-970.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 959-970
    • Fraser, D.F.1    Gilliam, J.F.2
  • 39
    • 0001274937 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of plant communities by food chains exploiting them
    • Fretwell, S. D. 1977. The regulation of plant communities by food chains exploiting them. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 20:169-185.
    • (1977) Perspectives in Biology and Medicine , vol.20 , pp. 169-185
    • Fretwell, S.D.1
  • 41
    • 0027098565 scopus 로고
    • Consequences of ratio-dependent predation for steady-state properties of ecosystems
    • Ginzberg, L R., and H. R. Akçakaya. 1992. Consequences of ratio-dependent predation for steady-state properties of ecosystems. Ecology 73:1536-1543.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1536-1543
    • Ginzberg, L.R.1    Akçakaya, H.R.2
  • 42
    • 0025198318 scopus 로고
    • Food thresholds and body size in cladocerans
    • Gliwicz, Z. M. 1990. Food thresholds and body size in cladocerans. Nature (London) 343:638-640.
    • (1990) Nature (London) , vol.343 , pp. 638-640
    • Gliwicz, Z.M.1
  • 43
    • 0002120709 scopus 로고
    • Components of resource competition in plant communities
    • J. B. Grace and D. Tilman, editors. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA
    • Goldberg, D. E. 1990. Components of resource competition in plant communities. Pages 27-49 in J. B. Grace and D. Tilman, editors. Perspectives on plant competition. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
    • (1990) Perspectives on Plant Competition
    • Goldberg, D.E.1
  • 44
    • 0020428432 scopus 로고
    • Body size, energy reserves, and competitive ability in three species of Cladocera
    • Goulden, C. E., L. L. Henry, and A. J. Tessier. 1982. Body size, energy reserves, and competitive ability in three species of Cladocera. Ecology 63:1780-1789.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1780-1789
    • Goulden, C.E.1    Henry, L.L.2    Tessier, A.J.3
  • 45
    • 0001030091 scopus 로고
    • Community structure, population control, and competition
    • Hairston, N. G., F. E. Smith, and L. B. Slobodkin. 1960. Community structure, population control, and competition. American Naturalist 94:421-425.
    • (1960) American Naturalist , vol.94 , pp. 421-425
    • Hairston, N.G.1    Smith, F.E.2    Slobodkin, L.B.3
  • 46
    • 84959999517 scopus 로고
    • An experimental approach to the production dynamics and structure of freshwater animal communities
    • Hall, D. J., W. E. Cooper, and E. E. Werner. 1970. An experimental approach to the production dynamics and structure of freshwater animal communities. Limnology and Oceanography 15:839-928.
    • (1970) Limnology and Oceanography , vol.15 , pp. 839-928
    • Hall, D.J.1    Cooper, W.E.2    Werner, E.E.3
  • 47
    • 0022826776 scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of the impacts of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on pond community structure
    • Hambright, K. D., R. J. Trebatoski, R. W. Drenner, and D. Kettle. 1986. Experimental study of the impacts of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on pond community structure. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43:1171-1176.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.43 , pp. 1171-1176
    • Hambright, K.D.1    Trebatoski, R.J.2    Drenner, R.W.3    Kettle, D.4
  • 48
    • 0014624845 scopus 로고
    • The role of predation in vegetational diversity
    • Harper, J. L. 1969. The role of predation in vegetational diversity. Brookhaven Symposia in Biology 22:48-62.
    • (1969) Brookhaven Symposia in Biology , vol.22 , pp. 48-62
    • Harper, J.L.1
  • 49
    • 0022235855 scopus 로고
    • The effect of invertebrate and vertebrate predators on the foraging movements of Ischnura elegans larvae (Odonata:Zygoptera)
    • Heads, P. A. 1985. The effect of invertebrate and vertebrate predators on the foraging movements of Ischnura elegans larvae (Odonata:Zygoptera). Freshwater Biology 15:559-571.
    • (1985) Freshwater Biology , vol.15 , pp. 559-571
    • Heads, P.A.1
  • 50
    • 0000999640 scopus 로고
    • Fish predation limiting abundance and distribution of Glaenocorisa p. propinqua
    • Hendrikson, L., and H. G. Oscarson. 1978. Fish predation limiting abundance and distribution of Glaenocorisa p. propinqua. Oikos 31:102-105.
    • (1978) Oikos , vol.31 , pp. 102-105
    • Hendrikson, L.1    Oscarson, H.G.2
  • 52
    • 0017544146 scopus 로고
    • Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities
    • Holt, R. D. 1977. Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities. Theoretical Population Biology 12:197-229.
    • (1977) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.12 , pp. 197-229
    • Holt, R.D.1
  • 53
    • 0028163952 scopus 로고
    • Simple rules for interspecific dominance in systems with exploitative and apparent competition
    • Holt, R. D., J. P. Grover, and D. Tilman. 1994. Simple rules for interspecific dominance in systems with exploitative and apparent competition. American Naturalist 144:741-771.
    • (1994) American Naturalist , vol.144 , pp. 741-771
    • Holt, R.D.1    Grover, J.P.2    Tilman, D.3
  • 54
    • 0027331063 scopus 로고
    • Apparent competition and enemy-free space in insect host-parasitoid communities
    • Holt, R. D, and J. H. Lawton. 1993. Apparent competition and enemy-free space in insect host-parasitoid communities. American Naturalist 142:623-645.
    • (1993) American Naturalist , vol.142 , pp. 623-645
    • Holt, R.D.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 55
    • 0026579951 scopus 로고
    • Playing chutes and ladders:heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities
    • Hunter, M. D., and Price, P. W. 1992. Playing chutes and ladders:heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology 73:724-732.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 724-732
    • Hunter, M.D.1    Price, P.W.2
  • 56
    • 0006244968 scopus 로고
    • Competitive exclusion as a factor influencing the distributions of two species of terrestrial salamanders
    • Jaeger, R. G. 1971. Competitive exclusion as a factor influencing the distributions of two species of terrestrial salamanders. Ecology 52:632-637.
    • (1971) Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 632-637
    • Jaeger, R.G.1
  • 58
    • 0025229633 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific differences in movement and hunting success in damselfly larvae (Zygoptera:Insecta):responses to prey availability and predation threat
    • Jeffries, M. 1990. Interspecific differences in movement and hunting success in damselfly larvae (Zygoptera:Insecta):responses to prey availability and predation threat. Freshwater Biology 23:191-196.
    • (1990) Freshwater Biology , vol.23 , pp. 191-196
    • Jeffries, M.1
  • 60
    • 0027333393 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prey type, prey density and predator presence on behaviour and predation risk in a larval damselfly
    • Johansson, F. 1993. Effects of prey type, prey density and predator presence on behaviour and predation risk in a larval damselfly. Oikos 68:481-489.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.68 , pp. 481-489
    • Johansson, F.1
  • 61
    • 0002812459 scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of Enallagma divagans and Enallagma traviatum (Zygoptera:Coenagrionidae) in Bays Mountain Lake. Tennessee:an in situ enclosure experiment
    • Johnson, D. M., R. E. Bohanan, C. N. Watson, and T. H. Martin. 1984. Coexistence of Enallagma divagans and Enallagma traviatum (Zygoptera:Coenagrionidae) in Bays Mountain Lake. Tennessee:an in situ enclosure experiment. Advances in Odonatology 2:57-70.
    • (1984) Advances in Odonatology , vol.2 , pp. 57-70
    • Johnson, D.M.1    Bohanan, R.E.2    Watson, C.N.3    Martin, T.H.4
  • 62
    • 0001324676 scopus 로고
    • Habitat and seasonal segregation among coexisting odonate larvae
    • Johnson, D. M., and P. H. Crowley. 1980. Habitat and seasonal segregation among coexisting odonate larvae. Odonatologica 9:297-308.
    • (1980) Odonatologica , vol.9 , pp. 297-308
    • Johnson, D.M.1    Crowley, P.H.2
  • 63
    • 0022234253 scopus 로고
    • Competition among larval dragonflies:a field enclosure experiment
    • Johnson, D. M., P. H. Crowley, R. E. Bohanan, C. N. Watson, and T. H. Martin. 1985. Competition among larval dragonflies:a field enclosure experiment. Ecology 66:119-128.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 119-128
    • Johnson, D.M.1    Crowley, P.H.2    Bohanan, R.E.3    Watson, C.N.4    Martin, T.H.5
  • 65
    • 0023471753 scopus 로고
    • Prey depletion by odonate larvae:combining evidence from multiple field experiments
    • Johnson, D. M., C. L. Pierce, T. H. Martin, C. N. Watson, R. E. Bohanan, and P. H. Crowley. 1987. Prey depletion by odonate larvae:combining evidence from multiple field experiments. Ecology 68:1459-1465.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1459-1465
    • Johnson, D.M.1    Pierce, C.L.2    Martin, T.H.3    Watson, C.N.4    Bohanan, R.E.5    Crowley, P.H.6
  • 66
    • 0020371171 scopus 로고
    • A question of taste:crypsis and warning coloration in freshwater Zooplankton communities
    • Kerfoot, W. C. 1982. A question of taste:crypsis and warning coloration in freshwater Zooplankton communities. Ecology 63:538-554.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 538-554
    • Kerfoot, W.C.1
  • 67
    • 0024877048 scopus 로고
    • Predation risk and the foraging behavior of competing stream insects
    • Kohler, S. L., and M. A. McPeek. 1989. Predation risk and the foraging behavior of competing stream insects. Ecology 70:1811-1825.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1811-1825
    • Kohler, S.L.1    McPeek, M.A.2
  • 68
    • 0021580238 scopus 로고
    • Predation risk and the structure of desert rodent communities
    • Kotler, B. P. 1984. Predation risk and the structure of desert rodent communities. Ecology 65:689-701.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 689-701
    • Kotler, B.P.1
  • 69
    • 0024180555 scopus 로고
    • Environmental heterogeneity and the coexistence of desert rodents
    • Kotler, B. P., and J. S. Brown. 1988. Environmental heterogeneity and the coexistence of desert rodents. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19:281-307.
    • (1988) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.19 , pp. 281-307
    • Kotler, B.P.1    Brown, J.S.2
  • 70
    • 0026312810 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting gerbil foraging behavior and rates of owl predation
    • Kotler, B. P., J. S. Brown, and O. Hasson. 1991. Factors affecting gerbil foraging behavior and rates of owl predation. Ecology 72:2249-2260.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 2249-2260
    • Kotler, B.P.1    Brown, J.S.2    Hasson, O.3
  • 71
    • 0026498755 scopus 로고
    • Phytofauna of eleven macrophyte beds of differing trophic status, depth, and composition
    • Lalonde, S., and J. A. Downing. 1992. Phytofauna of eleven macrophyte beds of differing trophic status, depth, and composition. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49:992-1000.
    • (1992) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.49 , pp. 992-1000
    • Lalonde, S.1    Downing, J.A.2
  • 72
    • 84984510075 scopus 로고
    • The effects of prey density on survival and growth of damselfly larvae
    • Lawton, J. H., B. A. Thompson, and D. J. Thompson. 1980. The effects of prey density on survival and growth of damselfly larvae. Ecological Entomology 5:39-51.
    • (1980) Ecological Entomology , vol.5 , pp. 39-51
    • Lawton, J.H.1    Thompson, B.A.2    Thompson, D.J.3
  • 73
    • 0024878191 scopus 로고
    • Resource edibility and the effects of predators and productivity on the outcome of trophic interactions
    • Leibold, M. A. 1989. Resource edibility and the effects of predators and productivity on the outcome of trophic interactions. American Naturalist 134:922-949.
    • (1989) American Naturalist , vol.134 , pp. 922-949
    • Leibold, M.A.1
  • 74
    • 0025957034 scopus 로고
    • Trophic interactions and habitat segregation between competing Daphnia species
    • _. 1991. Trophic interactions and habitat segregation between competing Daphnia species. Oecologia (Berlin) 86:510-520.
    • (1991) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.86 , pp. 510-520
  • 75
    • 0028975546 scopus 로고
    • The niche concept revisited:mechanistic models and community context
    • _. 1995. The niche concept revisited:mechanistic models and community context. Ecology 76:1371-1382.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1371-1382
  • 76
    • 0030472659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs:trophic regulation of abundance, incidence and diversity patterns in communities
    • _. 1996. A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs:trophic regulation of abundance, incidence and diversity patterns in communities. American Naturalist 147:784-812.
    • (1996) American Naturalist , vol.147 , pp. 784-812
  • 77
    • 0000251449 scopus 로고
    • Community equilibria and stability, and an extension of the competitive exclusion principle
    • Levin, S. A. 1970. Community equilibria and stability, and an extension of the competitive exclusion principle. American Naturalist 104:413-423.
    • (1970) American Naturalist , vol.104 , pp. 413-423
    • Levin, S.A.1
  • 78
    • 0026296516 scopus 로고
    • Direct observations of owls and heteromyid rodents:can predation risk explain microhabitat use?
    • Longland, W. S., and M. V. Price. 1991. Direct observations of owls and heteromyid rodents:can predation risk explain microhabitat use? Ecology 72:2261-2273.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 2261-2273
    • Longland, W.S.1    Price, M.V.2
  • 79
    • 11944257313 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of convergent structure in Caribbean Anolis communities
    • Losos, J. B. 1992. The evolution of convergent structure in Caribbean Anolis communities. Systematic Biology 41:403-420.
    • (1992) Systematic Biology , vol.41 , pp. 403-420
    • Losos, J.B.1
  • 80
    • 0002398514 scopus 로고
    • Historical contingency lizard community ecology
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
    • _. 1994. Historical contingency and lizard community ecology. Pages 319-333 in L. J. Vitt and E. R. Pianka, editors. Lizard ecology: the third generation. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
    • (1994) Lizard Ecology: The Third Generation , pp. 319-333
    • Vitt, L.J.1    Pianka, E.R.2
  • 81
    • 0002388480 scopus 로고
    • Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community:importance of herbivore food preference and algal competitive abilities
    • Lubchenco, J. 1978. Plant species diversity in a marine intertidal community:importance of herbivore food preference and algal competitive abilities. American Naturalist 112:23-39.
    • (1978) American Naturalist , vol.112 , pp. 23-39
    • Lubchenco, J.1
  • 82
    • 0000143880 scopus 로고
    • Algal zonation in the New England rocky intertidal community:an experimental analysis
    • _. 1980. Algal zonation in the New England rocky intertidal community:an experimental analysis. Ecology 61:333-344.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 333-344
  • 83
    • 0002679150 scopus 로고
    • Manipulative experiments as tests of ecological theory
    • L. A. Real and J. H. Brown, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Lubchenco, J., and L. A. Real. 1991. Manipulative experiments as tests of ecological theory. Pages 715-733 in L. A. Real and J. H. Brown, editors. Foundations in ecology:classic papers with commentaries. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (1991) Foundations in Ecology: Classic Papers with Commentaries , pp. 715-733
    • Lubchenco, J.1    Real, L.A.2
  • 84
    • 0016161235 scopus 로고
    • A model for certain types of selection experiments
    • Manly, B. F. J. 1974. A model for certain types of selection experiments. Biometrics 30:281-294.
    • (1974) Biometrics , vol.30 , pp. 281-294
    • Manly, B.F.J.1
  • 85
    • 0003047776 scopus 로고
    • Migrating dragonflies in North America
    • May, M. L. 1992. Migrating dragonflies in North America. Argia 4:4-8.
    • (1992) Argia , vol.4 , pp. 4-8
    • May, M.L.1
  • 86
    • 0024879171 scopus 로고
    • Differential dispersal tendencies among Enallagma damselflies (Odonata:Coenagrionidae) inhabiting different habitats
    • McPeek, M. A. 1989. Differential dispersal tendencies among Enallagma damselflies (Odonata:Coenagrionidae) inhabiting different habitats. Oikos 56:187-195.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.56 , pp. 187-195
    • McPeek, M.A.1
  • 87
    • 0025244728 scopus 로고
    • Determination of species composition in the Enallagma damselfly assemblages of permanent lakes
    • _. 1990a. Determination of species composition in the Enallagma damselfly assemblages of permanent lakes. Ecology 71:83-98.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 83-98
  • 88
    • 0025591803 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral differences between Enallagma species (Odonata) influencing differential vulnerability to predators
    • _. 1990b. Behavioral differences between Enallagma species (Odonata) influencing differential vulnerability to predators. Ecology 71:1714-1726.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1714-1726
  • 89
    • 0028983763 scopus 로고
    • Morphological evolution mediated by behavior in the damselflies of two communities
    • _. 1995. Morphological evolution mediated by behavior in the damselflies of two communities. Evolution 49:749-769.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 749-769
  • 90
    • 0030303564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trade-offs, food web structure, and the coexistence of habitat specialists and generalists
    • _. 1996a. Trade-offs, food web structure, and the coexistence of habitat specialists and generalists. American Naturalist 148:S124-S138.
    • (1996) American Naturalist , vol.148
  • 91
    • 0030434648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking local species interactions to rates of speciation in communities
    • _. 1996b. Linking local species interactions to rates of speciation in communities. Ecology 77:1355-1366.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1355-1366
  • 92
    • 0000028193 scopus 로고
    • The effects of density and relative size on the aggressive behaviour, movement, and feeding of damselfly larvae (Odonata:Coenagrionidae)
    • McPeek, M. A., and P. H. Crowley. 1987. The effects of density and relative size on the aggressive behaviour, movement, and feeding of damselfly larvae (Odonata:Coenagrionidae). Animal Behaviour 35:1051-1061.
    • (1987) Animal Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 1051-1061
    • McPeek, M.A.1    Crowley, P.H.2
  • 93
    • 0030403525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to predators in a new community:swimming performance and predator avoidance in damselflies
    • McPeek, M. A., A. K. Schrot, and J. M. Brown. 1996. Adaptation to predators in a new community:swimming performance and predator avoidance in damselflies. Ecology 77:617-629.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 617-629
    • McPeek, M.A.1    Schrot, A.K.2    Brown, J.M.3
  • 96
    • 0028163542 scopus 로고
    • The keystone species concept:variation in interaction strength in a rocky intertidal habitat
    • Menge, B. A., E. L. Berlow, C. A. Blanchette, S. A. Navarrete, and S. B. Yamada. 1994. The keystone species concept:variation in interaction strength in a rocky intertidal habitat. Ecological Monographs 64:249-286.
    • (1994) Ecological Monographs , vol.64 , pp. 249-286
    • Menge, B.A.1    Berlow, E.L.2    Blanchette, C.A.3    Navarrete, S.A.4    Yamada, S.B.5
  • 97
    • 0000391655 scopus 로고
    • Species diversity gradients:synthesis of the roles of predation, competition, and temporal heterogeneity
    • Menge, B. A., and J. P. Sutherland. 1976. Species diversity gradients:synthesis of the roles of predation, competition, and temporal heterogeneity. American Naturalist 110:351-369.
    • (1976) American Naturalist , vol.110 , pp. 351-369
    • Menge, B.A.1    Sutherland, J.P.2
  • 98
    • 0023509720 scopus 로고
    • Community regulation:variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment
    • Menge, B. A., and J. P. Sutherland. 1987. Community regulation:variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment. American Naturalist 130:730-757.
    • (1987) American Naturalist , vol.130 , pp. 730-757
    • Menge, B.A.1    Sutherland, J.P.2
  • 99
    • 0024192842 scopus 로고
    • Competition among refuging sunfishes and effects of fish density on littoral zone invertebrates
    • Mtttelbach, G. G. 1988. Competition among refuging sunfishes and effects of fish density on littoral zone invertebrates. Ecology 69:614-623.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 614-623
    • Mtttelbach, G.G.1
  • 100
    • 0027332795 scopus 로고
    • Stage-structured interactions in bluegill:consequences of adult resource variation
    • Mittelbach, G. G., and C. W. Osenberg. 1993. Stage-structured interactions in bluegill:consequences of adult resource variation. Ecology 74:2381-2394.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 2381-2394
    • Mittelbach, G.G.1    Osenberg, C.W.2
  • 101
    • 0021569883 scopus 로고
    • Odonate guild composition:experiments with colonization history and fish predation
    • Morin, P. J. 1984a. Odonate guild composition:experiments with colonization history and fish predation. Ecology 65:1866-1873.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1866-1873
    • Morin, P.J.1
  • 102
    • 0021557087 scopus 로고
    • The impact of fish exclusion on the abundance and species composition of larval odonates:results of short-term experiments in a North Carolina farm pond
    • _. 1984b. The impact of fish exclusion on the abundance and species composition of larval odonates:results of short-term experiments in a North Carolina farm pond. Ecology 65:53-60.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 53-60
  • 103
    • 0000376685 scopus 로고
    • Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity
    • Oksanen, L., S. D. Fretwell, J. Arruda, and P. Niemela. 1981. Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. American Naturalist 118:240-261.
    • (1981) American Naturalist , vol.118 , pp. 240-261
    • Oksanen, L.1    Fretwell, S.D.2    Arruda, J.3    Niemela, P.4
  • 104
    • 0027085184 scopus 로고
    • The timescale problem in exploiter-victim models:does the solution lie in ratio-dependent exploitation?
    • Oksanen, L., J. Moen, and P. A. Lundberg. 1992. The timescale problem in exploiter-victim models:does the solution lie in ratio-dependent exploitation? American Naturalist 140:938-960.
    • (1992) American Naturalist , vol.140 , pp. 938-960
    • Oksanen, L.1    Moen, J.2    Lundberg, P.A.3
  • 105
    • 0024225453 scopus 로고
    • Growth patterns in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) sunfish:environmental variation and the importance of ontogenetic niche shifts
    • Osenberg, C. W., E. E. Werner, G. G. Mittelbach, and D. J. Hall. 1988. Growth patterns in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) sunfish:environmental variation and the importance of ontogenetic niche shifts. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:17-26.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.45 , pp. 17-26
    • Osenberg, C.W.1    Werner, E.E.2    Mittelbach, G.G.3    Hall, D.J.4
  • 106
    • 0002596015 scopus 로고
    • Food web complexity and species diversity
    • Paine, R. T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. American Naturalist 100:65-75.
    • (1966) American Naturalist , vol.100 , pp. 65-75
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 107
    • 34250426091 scopus 로고
    • Intertidal community structure:experimental studies on the relationship between a dominant competitor and its principal predator
    • _. 1974. Intertidal community structure:experimental studies on the relationship between a dominant competitor and its principal predator. Oecologia (Berlin) 15:93-120.
    • (1974) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.15 , pp. 93-120
  • 108
    • 0004390352 scopus 로고
    • The food of damselfly larvae in Marion Lake, British Columbia
    • Pearlstone, P. S. M. 1973. The food of damselfly larvae in Marion Lake, British Columbia. Syesis 6:33-39.
    • (1973) Syesis , vol.6 , pp. 33-39
    • Pearlstone, P.S.M.1
  • 109
    • 0027844397 scopus 로고
    • Sublethal consequences of stream-dwelling predatory stoneflies on mayfly growth and fecundity
    • Peckarsky, B. L., C. A. Cowan, and M. A. Penton. 1993. Sublethal consequences of stream-dwelling predatory stoneflies on mayfly growth and fecundity. Ecology 74:1836-1846.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1836-1846
    • Peckarsky, B.L.1    Cowan, C.A.2    Penton, M.A.3
  • 110
  • 111
    • 0001506768 scopus 로고
    • The equilibrium and stability of simple marine systems:II. Herbivores
    • Phillips, O. M. 1974. The equilibrium and stability of simple marine systems:II. Herbivores. Archives für Hydrobiologia 73:301-333.
    • (1974) Archives Für Hydrobiologia , vol.73 , pp. 301-333
    • Phillips, O.M.1
  • 112
    • 0024185809 scopus 로고
    • Predator avoidance, microhabitat shift, and risk-sensitive foraging in larval dragonflies
    • Pierce, C. L. 1988. Predator avoidance, microhabitat shift, and risk-sensitive foraging in larval dragonflies. Oecologia 77:81-90.
    • (1988) Oecologia , vol.77 , pp. 81-90
    • Pierce, C.L.1
  • 113
    • 0022164716 scopus 로고
    • Behavior and ecological interactions of larval Odonata
    • Pierce, C. L., P. H. Crowley, and D. M. Johnson. 1985. Behavior and ecological interactions of larval Odonata. Ecology 66:1504-1512.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 1504-1512
    • Pierce, C.L.1    Crowley, P.H.2    Johnson, D.M.3
  • 114
    • 0026296262 scopus 로고
    • Complex trophic interactions in deserts:an empirical critique of food-web theory
    • Polis, G. A. 1991. Complex trophic interactions in deserts:an empirical critique of food-web theory. American Naturalist 138:123-155.
    • (1991) American Naturalist , vol.138 , pp. 123-155
    • Polis, G.A.1
  • 115
    • 0030472660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food web complexity and community dynamics
    • Polis, G. A., and D. R. Strong. 1996. Food web complexity and community dynamics. American Naturalist 147:813-846.
    • (1996) American Naturalist , vol.147 , pp. 813-846
    • Polis, G.A.1    Strong, D.R.2
  • 116
    • 0025694323 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fish in river food webs
    • Power, M. E. 1990. Effects of fish in river food webs. Science 250:811-814.
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 811-814
    • Power, M.E.1
  • 117
    • 0026592785 scopus 로고
    • Top-down and bottom-up forces in food webs:do plants have primacy?
    • _. 1992. Top-down and bottom-up forces in food webs:do plants have primacy? Ecology 73:733-746.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 733-746
  • 118
    • 0000479407 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of morphology and resource use in North American desert rodent communities
    • Price, M. V., and J. H. Brown. 1983. Patterns of morphology and resource use in North American desert rodent communities. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 7:117-134.
    • (1983) Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs , vol.7 , pp. 117-134
    • Price, M.V.1    Brown, J.H.2
  • 119
    • 0021537869 scopus 로고
    • Factors structuring fish assemblages along a bog lake successional gradient
    • Rahel, F. J. 1984. Factors structuring fish assemblages along a bog lake successional gradient. Ecology 65:1276-1289.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1276-1289
    • Rahel, F.J.1
  • 120
    • 0027332819 scopus 로고
    • Patterns in the size structure of littoral zone macroinvertebrate communities
    • Rasmussen, J. B. 1993. Patterns in the size structure of littoral zone macroinvertebrate communities. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50:2192-2207.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.50 , pp. 2192-2207
    • Rasmussen, J.B.1
  • 121
    • 0029542918 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic behaviour changes in larvae of the damselfly Ischnura verticalis (Odonata:Coenagrionidae)
    • Richardson, J. M. L., and B. R. Anholt. 1995. Ontogenetic behaviour changes in larvae of the damselfly Ischnura verticalis (Odonata:Coenagrionidae). Ethology 101:308-334.
    • (1995) Ethology , vol.101 , pp. 308-334
    • Richardson, J.M.L.1    Anholt, B.R.2
  • 122
    • 0023509845 scopus 로고
    • Community diversity:relative roles of local and regional processes
    • Ricklefs, R. E. 1987. Community diversity:relative roles of local and regional processes. Science 235:167-171.
    • (1987) Science , vol.235 , pp. 167-171
    • Ricklefs, R.E.1
  • 126
    • 0028164957 scopus 로고
    • Feeding while evading predators by a lotic mayfly:linking short-term foraging behaviours to long-term fitness consequences
    • Scrimgeour, G. J., and J. M. Culp. 1994. Feeding while evading predators by a lotic mayfly:linking short-term foraging behaviours to long-term fitness consequences. Oecologia (Berlin) 100:128-134.
    • (1994) Oecologia (Berlin) , vol.100 , pp. 128-134
    • Scrimgeour, G.J.1    Culp, J.M.2
  • 127
    • 0031450951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tadpole communities:pond permanence and predation are powerful forces shaping the structure of tadpole communities
    • Skelly, D. K. 1997. Tadpole communities:pond permanence and predation are powerful forces shaping the structure of tadpole communities. American Scientist 85:36-45.
    • (1997) American Scientist , vol.85 , pp. 36-45
    • Skelly, D.K.1
  • 128
    • 0000302386 scopus 로고
    • Effects of size-selective predation and food competition on high altitude zooplankton communities
    • Sprules, W. G. 1972. Effects of size-selective predation and food competition on high altitude zooplankton communities. Ecology 53:375-386.
    • (1972) Ecology , vol.53 , pp. 375-386
    • Sprules, W.G.1
  • 129
    • 0022172407 scopus 로고
    • Body size, food concentration, and population growth in planktonic rotifers
    • Stemberger, R. S., and J. J. Gilbert. 1985. Body size, food concentration, and population growth in planktonic rotifers. Ecology 66:1151-1159.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 1151-1159
    • Stemberger, R.S.1    Gilbert, J.J.2
  • 130
    • 0026549291 scopus 로고
    • Are trophic cascades all wet? Differ- Entiation and donor-control in speciose ecosystems
    • Strong, D. R. 1992. Are trophic cascades all wet? Differ- entiation and donor-control in speciose ecosystems. Ecology 73:747-754.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 747-754
    • Strong, D.R.1
  • 132
    • 0026014430 scopus 로고
    • Cladoceran assemblages, seasonal succession and the importance of a hypolimnetic refuge
    • Tessier, A. J., and J. Welser. 1991. Cladoceran assemblages, seasonal succession and the importance of a hypolimnetic refuge. Freshwater Biology 25:85-93.
    • (1991) Freshwater Biology , vol.25 , pp. 85-93
    • Tessier, A.J.1    Welser, J.2
  • 133
    • 84982546591 scopus 로고
    • The natural prey of larvae of the damselfly, Ischnura elegans (Odonata:Zygoptera)
    • Thompson, D. J. 1978. The natural prey of larvae of the damselfly, Ischnura elegans (Odonata:Zygoptera). Freshwater Biology 8:377-384.
    • (1978) Freshwater Biology , vol.8 , pp. 377-384
    • Thompson, D.J.1
  • 134
    • 0022838465 scopus 로고
    • Two distinct roles for predators in freshwater assemblages
    • Thorp, J. A. 1986. Two distinct roles for predators in freshwater assemblages. Oikos 47:75-82.
    • (1986) Oikos , vol.47 , pp. 75-82
    • Thorp, J.A.1
  • 135
    • 0021569204 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of freshwater community structure at multiple intensities of dragonfly predation
    • Thorp, J. A., and M. L. Cothran. 1984. Regulation of freshwater community structure at multiple intensities of dragonfly predation. Ecology 65:1546-1555.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1546-1555
    • Thorp, J.A.1    Cothran, M.L.2
  • 138
    • 0020385907 scopus 로고
    • Patterns in the species composition and richness of fish assemblages in northern Wisconsin lakes
    • Tonn, W. J., and J. J. Magnuson. 1982. Patterns in the species composition and richness of fish assemblages in northern Wisconsin lakes. Ecology 63:1149-1166.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1149-1166
    • Tonn, W.J.1    Magnuson, J.J.2
  • 139
    • 0006756350 scopus 로고
    • The emergence and sex ratio of Anax junius Drury (Odonata:Aeshnidae) in Canada
    • Trottier, R. 1966. The emergence and sex ratio of Anax junius Drury (Odonata:Aeshnidae) in Canada. Canadian Entomologist 98:795-798.
    • (1966) Canadian Entomologist , vol.98 , pp. 795-798
    • Trottier, R.1
  • 140
    • 0041605395 scopus 로고
    • Effect of temperature on the life-cycle of Anax junius (Odonata:Aeshnidae) in Canada
    • _. 1971. Effect of temperature on the life-cycle of Anax junius (Odonata:Aeshnidae) in Canada. Canadian Entomologist 103:1671-1683.
    • (1971) Canadian Entomologist , vol.103 , pp. 1671-1683
  • 141
    • 0024223467 scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of dragonfly predation in experimental pond communities
    • Van Buskirk, J. 1988. Interactive effects of dragonfly predation in experimental pond communities. Ecology 69:857-867.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 857-867
    • Van Buskirk, J.1
  • 142
    • 0024885439 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent cannibalism in larval dragonflies
    • _. 1989. Density-dependent cannibalism in larval dragonflies. Ecology 70:1442-1449.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1442-1449
  • 143
    • 0027044762 scopus 로고
    • Competition, cannibalism, size class dominance in a dragonfly
    • _. 1992. Competition, cannibalism, and size class dominance in a dragonfly. Oikos 65:455-464.
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.65 , pp. 455-464
  • 144
    • 0027878793 scopus 로고
    • Population consequences of larval crowding in the dragonfly Aeshna juncea
    • _. 1993. Population consequences of larval crowding in the dragonfly Aeshna juncea. Ecology 74:1950-1958.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1950-1958
  • 145
    • 0001733213 scopus 로고
    • Predation and resource partitioning in one predator-two prey model communities
    • Vance, R. 1978. Predation and resource partitioning in one predator-two prey model communities. American Naturalist 112:797-813.
    • (1978) American Naturalist , vol.112 , pp. 797-813
    • Vance, R.1
  • 146
    • 0022822969 scopus 로고
    • Competition in zooplankton comunities:suppression of small species by Daphnia pulex
    • Vanni, M. J. 1986. Competition in zooplankton comunities:suppression of small species by Daphnia pulex. Limnology and Oceanography 31:1039-1056.
    • (1986) Limnology and Oceanography , vol.31 , pp. 1039-1056
    • Vanni, M.J.1
  • 147
    • 0023490929 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nutrients and zooplankton size on the structure of a phytoplankton community
    • _. 1987. Effects of nutrients and zooplankton size on the structure of a phytoplankton community. Ecology 68:624-635.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 624-635
  • 148
    • 0024197244 scopus 로고
    • Freshwater zooplankton community structure:introduction of large invertebrate predators and large herbivores to a small-species community
    • _. 1988. Freshwater zooplankton community structure:introduction of large invertebrate predators and large herbivores to a small-species community. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:1758-1770.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.45 , pp. 1758-1770
  • 149
    • 0025682608 scopus 로고
    • Ecological genetics and host adaptation in herbivorous insects:the experimental study of evolution in natural and agricultural systems
    • Via, S. 1990. Ecological genetics and host adaptation in herbivorous insects:the experimental study of evolution in natural and agricultural systems. Annual Review of Entomology 35:421-446.
    • (1990) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.35 , pp. 421-446
    • Via, S.1
  • 150
    • 0000201782 scopus 로고
    • Fish predation, interspecific predation, and the distribution of two Chaoborus species
    • von Ende, C. 1979. Fish predation, interspecific predation, and the distribution of two Chaoborus species. Ecology 60:119-128.
    • (1979) Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 119-128
    • Von Ende, C.1
  • 151
    • 0004101606 scopus 로고
    • University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Walker, E. M. 1953. The Odonata of Canada and Alaska. Volume One. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    • (1953) The Odonata of Canada and Alaska , vol.1
    • Walker, E.M.1
  • 153
    • 0030390255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator-induced behavioral indirect effects:consequences to competitive interactions in anuran larvae
    • Werner, E. E., and B. R. Anholt. 1996. Predator-induced behavioral indirect effects:consequences to competitive interactions in anuran larvae. Ecology 77:157-169.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 157-169
    • Werner, E.E.1    Anholt, B.R.2
  • 154
    • 0000626574 scopus 로고
    • Competition and habitat shift in two sunfishes (Centrarchidae)
    • Werner, E. E., and D. J. Hall. 1977. Competition and habitat shift in two sunfishes (Centrarchidae). Ecology 58:869876.
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 869876
    • Werner, E.E.1    Hall, D.J.2
  • 155
    • 0024254081 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic niche shifts in bluegill:the foraging rate-predation risk trade-off
    • Werner, E. E., and D. J. Hall. 1988. Ontogenetic niche shifts in bluegill:the foraging rate-predation risk trade-off. Ecology 69:1352-1366.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1352-1366
    • Werner, E.E.1    Hall, D.J.2
  • 157
    • 0028181291 scopus 로고
    • The roles of direct and indirect effects on the distributions of two frog species along an environmental gradient
    • Werner, E. E., and M. A. McPeek. 1994. The roles of direct and indirect effects on the distributions of two frog species along an environmental gradient. Ecology 75:1368-1382.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1368-1382
    • Werner, E.E.1    McPeek, M.A.2
  • 158
    • 0025595013 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variation in tropical fish trophic networks
    • Winemiller, K. O. 1990. Spatial and temporal variation in tropical fish trophic networks. Ecological Monographs 60:331-367.
    • (1990) Ecological Monographs , vol.60 , pp. 331-367
    • Winemiller, K.O.1
  • 159
    • 0024878375 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in the intensity of competition and predation among dragonfly larvae
    • Wissinger, S. A. 1989. Seasonal variation in the intensity of competition and predation among dragonfly larvae. Ecology 70:1017-1027.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1017-1027
    • Wissinger, S.A.1
  • 160
    • 0026540212 scopus 로고
    • Niche overlap and the potential for competition and intraguild predation between size-structured populations
    • _. 1992. Niche overlap and the potential for competition and intraguild predation between size-structured populations. Ecology 73:1431-1444.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1431-1444
  • 161
    • 0027456065 scopus 로고
    • Intraguild predation and competition between larval dragonflies:direct and indirect effects on shared prey
    • Wissinger, S. A., and J. McGrady. 1993. Intraguild predation and competition between larval dragonflies:direct and indirect effects on shared prey. Ecology 74:207-218.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 207-218
    • Wissinger, S.A.1    McGrady, J.2
  • 162
    • 0026565109 scopus 로고
    • Indirect effects, prey susceptibility, and habitat selection:impacts of birds on limpets and algae
    • Wootton, J. T. 1992. Indirect effects, prey susceptibility, and habitat selection:impacts of birds on limpets and algae. Ecology 73:981-991.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 981-991
    • Wootton, J.T.1
  • 163
    • 0028165937 scopus 로고
    • The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities
    • _. 1994. The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25:443-466.
    • (1994) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.25 , pp. 443-466


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.