Taxonomy and evolution of earliest Ordovician graptoloids

Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift

Volumn 78, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 3-32

  Cooper, Roger A ^a   Maletz, Jörg ^b   Haifeng, Wang ^c   Erdtmann, Berndt Dietrich ^d  

^a GNS SCIENCE   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GREIFSWALD   (Germany)

^c INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

^d TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRAPTOLOID; ORDOVICIAN;

EID: 0031664581     PISSN: 0029196X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Barnes, C. 1992: Ordovician event-stratigraphy. In Walliser, O. (ed.): Phanerozoic Global Bioevents and Event-stratigraphy. Fifth International Conference on Bio-Events, Göttingen, Abstr. vol. 11-12. Göttingen.
2. Bösgger, W. C. 1882: Die Silurischen Etagen 2 und 3 im Kristianiagebiel und auf Eker. Universitätsprogramm, Kristiania, 1-376.
3. Bruton, D. L., Erdtmann, B.-D. & Koch, L. 1982: The Naersnes section, Oslo Region, Norway: a candidate for the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary strato-type at the base of the Tremadoc Series. In Bassett, M. G. & Dean, M. G. (eds.): The Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary: Sections, Fossil Distributions, and Correlations, 61-69. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, Geological Series No. 3.
4. Bruton, D. L., Koch, L. & Repetski, J. E. 1988: The Naersnes section, Oslo Region, Norway: trilobite, graptolite and conodont fossils reviewed. Geological Magazine 125, 451-455.
5. Bulman, O. M. B. 1927: A monograph of British dendroid graptolites. Palaeonto-graphical Society Monograph, 1-28.
6. Bulman, O. M. B. 1929: Remarks on the attachment of Dictyonema flabelliforme (Eichw.). Geological Magazine 66, 492-495.
7. Bulman, O. M. B. 1941: Some dichograptids of the Tremadocian and Lower Ordovician. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, vol. 7, 100-121.
8. Bulman, O. M. B. 1949: A reinterpretation of the structure of Dictyonema flabelliforme Eichwald. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 71, 33-40.
9. Bulman, O. M. B. 1950: Graptolites from the Dictyonema shales of Quebec. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 106, 63-99.
10. Bulman, O. M. B. 1954: The graptolite fauna of the Dictyonema shales of the Oslo region. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 33, 1-40, 8 plates.
11. Bulman, O. M. B. 1966a: Dictyonema from the Tremadocian of Estonia and Norway. Geological Magazine 103, 407-413.
12. Bulman, O. M. B. (1966b). On the type material of Dictyonema norvegicum Kjerulf. Norsk geologisk Tidsskrift 46, 289-298.
13. Bulman, O. M. B. 1967: Dictyonema flabelliforme (Eichwald, 1840) (Graptolithina): Application for conservation under the plenary powers by designation of a neotype. Z.N. (S.) 1776. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 24, 49-52.
14. Bulman, O. M. B. 1970: A new Dictyonema fauna from the Salmien of the Stavelot Massif (with a preface by F. Geukens). Bulletin de la Societé belge Geologie, Paleontologie, Hydrologie 79, 213-224.
15. Bulman, O. M. B. & Rushton, A. W. A. 1973: Tremadoc faunas from boreholes in central England. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 43, 1-40.
16. Bulman, O. M. B. & Størmer, L. 1971: Buoyancy structures in rhabdosomes of Dictyonema flabelliforme (Eichwald). Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 51, 25-31.
17. Chauffe, Karl M. & Nichols, P. A. 1995. Differentiating evolution from environmentally induced modifications in mid-Carboniferous conodonts. Palaeontology 38, 875-896.
18. Chen, J.-y., Qian, J.-y., Lin, Y.-k., Zhang, J.-m., Wang, Z.-g., Yin, L.-m. & Erdtmann, B.-D. 1985. Study on Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary Strata and its Biota in Dayangcha, Hunjiang, Jilin, China, 138 pp., 39 pls. Beijing, China Prospect Publishing House, Beijing.
19. Chen, J.-y., Erdtmann, B.-D., Gong, W.-l., Li, H.-m., Lin, Y.-k., Qian, Y.-y., Tao, X.-c., Wang, Y.-x., Wang, Z.-z., Yang, J.-d., Yin, L.-m. & Zhang, J.-m. 1986: Aspects of Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary in Dayangcha, China, 1-410, pis. 1-98, China Prospect Publishing House, Beijing.
20. Cooper, R. A. 1979: Sequence and correlation of Tremadoc graptolite assemblages. Alcheringa 3, 7-19.
21. Cooper, R. A. & Fortey, R. A. 1983: Development of the graptoloid rhabdosome. Alcheringa 7, 201-221.
22. Eichwald, E. J. 1840: Ueber das silurische Schichtensystem in Esthland. St. Petersburg, 210 pp.
23. Eichwald, E. J. 1842: Die Urwelt Russlands. 2. Heft. St. Petersburg, 1-184.
24. Eichwald, E. J. 1854: Die Grauwackenschichten von Liev- und Esthland. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 27, 3-111.
25. Eichwald, E. J. 1855: Beitrag zur geographischen Verbreitung der fossilen Thiere Russlands. Alte Periode. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 28, 433-466.
26. Eichwald, E. 1860: Lethaea Rossica ou paléontologie de la Russie. Premier volume, ancienne période. Stuttgart.
27. Emmons, E. 1855: American Geology. Albany, NY, Sprague.
28. Erdtmann, B.-D. 1982: A reorganization and proposed phylogenetic classification of planktic Tremadoc (early Ordovician) dendroid graptolites. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 62, 121-144.
29. Erdtmann, B.-D. 1986a: Review of lithofacies and graptolite-based biofacies of three critical Cambrian-Ordovician boundary stratotype sections. In Chen, J.-Y. (ed.): Aspects of Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary in Dayangcha, China, 374-391. Beijing: China Prospect Publishing House.
30. Erdtmann, B.-D. 1986b: Comments on some earliest Ordovician (Salmien) graptolites from Solwaster, Massif de Stavelot, Belgian Ardennes. Aardkundige Mededelingen 3, 75-88.
31. Erdtmann, B.-D. 1988: The earliest Ordovician nematophorid graptolites: taxonomy and correlation. Geological Magazine 125, 327-348.
32. Fortey, R. A., Landing, E. & Skevington, D. 1982: Cambrian-Ordovician boundary sections in the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland. In Bassett, M. G. & Dean, W. T. (eds.): The Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary: Sections, Fossil Distributions, and Correlations, 95-129. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, Geological Series.
33. Fortey, R. A. & Cooper, R. A. 1986: A phylogenetic classification of the graptoloids. Palaeontology 29, 631-654.
34. Hahn, F. F. 1912: On the Dictyonema-fauna of Navy Island, NB. New York Academy of Sciences, Annals 22, 135-160.
35. Harris, W. J. & Keble, R. A. 1928: The Staurograptus bed of Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 40, 91-95.
36. Hede, J. E. 1951: Boring through Middle Ordovician-Upper Cambrian strata in the Fagelsang District, Scania (Sweden). 1. Succession encountered in the boring. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, N.F., Avd. 2, 46(7), 1-85.
37. Hopkinson, J. & Lapworth, C. 1875: Descriptions of the graptolites of the Arenig and Llandeilo rocks of St. David's. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 31, 631-672, pls. 33-37.
38. Hutt, J. E. 1974: The development of Clonograptus tenellus and Adelograptus hunnebergensis. Lethaia 7, 79-92.
39. Jackson, D. E. 1975: New data on Tremadoc graptolites from Yukon, Canada. Palaeontology 18, 883-887.
40. James, N. P. & Stevens, R. K. 1986: Stratigraphy and correlation of the Cambro-Ordovician Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 366.
41. Kaljo, D., Borovko, N., Heinsalu, H., Khazanovich, K., Mens, K., Popov, L., Sergeyeva, S., Sobolevskaja, R. & Viira, V. 1986. The Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Baltic-Ladoga Clint area (North Estonia and Leningrad Region, USSR). Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR, Geology 35 (3), 97-108.
42. Kjerulf, T. 1865: Veiviser ved geologiske excursioner i Christiana omegn. Universitets program for andet halvaar 1865, 1-43.
43. Landing, E., Barnes, C. R. & Stevens, R. K. 1986: Tempo of earliest Ordovician graptolite faunal succession: conodont-based correlations from the Tremadocian of Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, 1928-1949.
44. Landing, E. 1993: Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Taconic allochthon, eastern New York, and its interregional correlation. Journal of Paleontology 67, 1-19.
45. Lapworth, C. 1898: An Intermediate Textbook of Geology. 13th edition. Edinburgh and London.
46. Legrand, P. 1964: Deux nouvelles espèces du genre Adelograptus (graptolites) dans L'Ordovicien inférieur du Sahara algérien. Bulletin de la Societé Géologique de France, Compte Rendu Sommaire 7, 295-304.
47. Legrand, P. 1973: Resultats recents sur le probleme de la limite Cambrien-Ordovicien au Sahara algerien spetentrional. Bulletin de la Societé naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 64, 159-188.
48. Legrand, P. 1974: Development of rhabdosomes with four primary branches in the group Dictyonema flabelliforme (EICHWALD). Special Papers in Palaeontology 13, 20-34.
49. Legrand, P. 1983: Gorgonia flabelliformis Eichwald, 1840 (Graptolithina) Comments on the application for a neotype designation by use of the plenary powers. ZN. (S) 1770. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 40, 20-23.
50. Li, J. J. 1984: Some early Ordovician graptolites from Chongyi, Jiangxi. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 23, 578-585.
51. Maletz, J. 1992: The proximal development in anisograptids (Graptoloidea, Anisograptidae). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 66, 297-309.
52. Mu, A. T. 1974: Evolution, classification and distribution of Graptoloidea and Graptodendroids. Scientia Sinica 17, 227-238.
53. Nowlan, Godfrey S. & Nicoll, Robert S. 1995: Re-examination of the conodont biostratigraphy at the Cambro-Ordovician Xiaoyangqiao section, Dayangcha, Jilin. In Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L. & Finney, S. C. (eds.): Ordovician Odyssey: Short papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, June 1995. SEPM Book 77, 113-116.
54. Obut, A. M. 1953: Dendroidei severo-zapada Russkoj platformi. In Stratigraphia i Fauna Ordovikia i Silura Zapada Russkoj Platformi. Trudi Vsesojusnogo Nepfhtjanovo Nautchno-Issledovatelskovo Geologo-Raswedotchnogo Instytuta (BNIGRI), NS, 26-57.
55. Obut, A. T. & Sobolevskaja, R. F. 1962: Problemi neftegazonosti Sovjetskoj Arktiki: Paleontologija i biostratigrafija: Graptoliti rannego Ordovika na Taimyre. Trudy Nautshno Issledowatelskogo Instituta Geologii, arktiki 127, 65-85, 5 pls.
56. Obut, A. M. 1974: Comment on the conservation of Dictyonema flabelliforme (EICHWALD, 1840) (Graptolithina) by designation of a neotype. Z.N. (S.)1776. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31, 104.
57. Ruedemann, R. 1904: Graptolites of New York, Part 1. New York State Museum Memoir 7.
58. Ruedemann, R. 1937: A new North American graptolite faunule. American Journal of Science 33 (193), 57-62.
59. Ruedemann, R. 1947: Graptolites of North America. Geological Society of America, Memoir 19, 1-652.
60. Rushton, A. W. A. 1982: The biostratigraphy and correlation of the Merioneth-Tremadoc Series boundary in North Wales. In Bassett, M. G. & Dean, W. T. (eds.): The Cambrian Ordovician Boundary, 41-60. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.
61. Salter, J. W. 1858: On Graptophora, a new genus of Polyzoa allied to the Graptolites. Proceedings of the American Association Adv. Science for 1857 11, 63-66.
62. Skevington, D. 1973: Graptolite fauna of the Great Paxton borehole, Hunting-tonshire. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 43, 41-57.
63. Størmer, L. 1933: A floating organ in Dictyonema. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 13, 102-112.
64. Størmer, L. 1935: Dictyonema shales outside the Oslo Region. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 20, 161-169.
65. Stubblefield, C. J. & Bulman, O. M. B. 1927: On the Shineton Shales of the Wrekin district. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 83, 96-146.
66. Taylor, J. F. & Repetzki, J. E. 1995: High-resolution trilobite and conodont biostratigraphy across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in south-central New Mexico. In Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L. & Finney, S. C. (eds.): Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, June 1995. SEPM Book 77, 133-136.
67. Tjernvik, T. E. 1958: The Tremadocian beds at Flagabro in south-eastern Scania (Sweden). Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 80, 259-276.
68. Westergård, A. H. 1909: Studier öfver Dictyograptus-skiffern och dess gränslager, med särskild hänsyn till i Skåne förekommande bildningar. Medd. af Lunds Geol. Fältklubb, ser. B, 4, 1-79.
69. Yu, J., Liu, H. & Fang, Y. 1985. Dendroids from the Xinchangian stage (Early Ordovician) of the Xiushui drainage basin, Jiangxi Province. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 24, 18-28.