New techniques for the analysis of cohort studies

Epidemiologic Reviews

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 122-134

  Thomas, Duncan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC BOMB; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COHORT ANALYSIS; DIET; FAMILY; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MORTALITY; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZATION; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW; SAMPLING;

EID: 0031660368     PISSN: 0193936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017967     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Shimizu Y, Kato H, Schull WJ. Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 9. Mortality, 1950-1985: Part 2. Cancer mortality based on the recently revised doses (DS86). Radiat Res 1990;121:120-41.
2. Willett W. Nutritional epidemiology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1990.
3. Lundin FE, Wagoner JK, Archer VE. Radon daughter exposure and respiratory cancer, quantitative and temporal aspects. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences joint monograph no. 1. Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1971.
4. Whittemore AS, McMillan A. Lung cancer mortality among US uranium miners: a reappraisal. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983; 71:489-99.
5. Hornung RW, Meinhardt TJ. Quantitative risk assessment of lung cancer in US uranium miners. Health Phys 1987;52: 417-30.
6. National Research Council (US) Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations. Health risks of radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters: BEIR IV. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1988.
7. Lubin JH, Boice JD Jr, Edling C. Radon and lung cancer risk: a joint analysis of 11 underground miners studies. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, 1994. (NIH publication no. 94-3644).
8. Thomas DC, Petitti DB, Goldhaber M, et al. Reproductive outcomes in relation to malathion spraying in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1981-1982. Epidemiology 1992;3:32-9.
9. Ott J. Analysis of human genetic linkage. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
10. Khoury MJ, Beaty TH, Cohen BH. Fundamentals of genetic epidemiology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1993.
11. Sattin RW, Rubin CL, Webster LA, et al. Family history and the risk of breast cancer. JAMA 1985;253:1908-13.
12. Claus EB, Risch NJ, Thompson WD. Age at onset as an indicator of familiar risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:961-72.
13. Claus EB, Risch N, Thompson WD. Genetic analysis of breast cancer in the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. Am J Hum Genet 1991;48:232-42.
14. Samet JM, Muñoz A. Evolution of the cohort study. Epidemiol Rev 1998;20:1-14.
15. Krailo M, Thomas DC, Pike MC. Fitting models of carcinogenesis to a case-control study of breast cancer. J Chronic Dis 1987;40(Suppl 2):181S-9S.
16. Pike MC, Krailo MD, Henderson BE, et al. 'Hormonal' risk factors, 'breast tissue age' and the age-incidence of breast cancer. Nature 1983;303:767-70.
17. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol II - The design and analysis of cohort studies. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987. (IARC scientific publications no. 82).
18. Kalbfleisch JD, Prentice RL. The statistical analysis of failure time data. New York, NY: Wiley, 1980.
19. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc [B] 1972;34:187-220.
20. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. VoI I - The analysis of case-control studies. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1980. (IARC scientific publications no. 32).
21. Aalen OO. A linear regression model for the analysis of life times. Stat Med 1989;8:907-25.
22. Borgan Ø, Langholz B. Estimation of excess risk from case-control data using Aalen's linear regression model. Biometrics 1997;53:690-7.
23. Buckley JD, James I. Linear regression with censored data. Biometrika 1979;66:429-36.
24. Wei LJ. The accelerated failure time model: a useful alternative to the Cox regression model in survival analysis. Stat Med 1992;11:1871-9.
25. Ying Z, Jung SH, Wei LJ. Survival analysis with median regression models. J Am Stat Assoc 1995;90:178-84.
26. Thomas DC. Relative risk modeling. Encyclopedia of biostatistics. Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley, 1997:3763-71.
27. National Research Council (US) Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations. Health effects of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR V. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1990.
28. Boice JD Jr, Blettner M, Kleinerman RA, et al. Radiation dose and leukemia risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987;79:1295-311.
29. Thomas DC. General relative-risk models for survival time and matched case-control analysis. Biometrics 1981;37: 673-86.
30. Guerrero VM, Johnson RA. Use of the Box-Cox transformation with binary response models. Biometrika 1982;69:309-14.
31. Breslow NE, Storer BE. General relative risk functions for case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol 1985;122:149-62.
32. Moolgavkar SH, Venzon DJ. General relative risk regression models for epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 1987;126: 949-61.
33. Hauck WW Jr, Donner A. Wald's test as applied to hypotheses in logit analysis. J Am Stat Assoc 1977;72:851-3.
34. Vaeth M. On the use of Wald's test in exponential families. Int Stat Rev 1985;53:199-214.
35. Lubin JH, Gaffey W. Relative risk models for assessing the joint effects of multiple factors. Am J Ind Med 1988;13: 149-67.
36. Thomas DC. Nonparametric estimation and tests of fit for dose-response relations. Biometrics 1983;39:263-8.
37. Ulm K. Nonparametric analysis of dose-response relations in epidemiology. Math Model 1986;7:777-83.
38. Hastie TJ, Tibnshirani RJ. Generalized additive models. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall, 1990.
39. Schwartz J. Air pollution and daily mortality in Birmingham, Alabama. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:1136-47.
40. Armitage P, Doll R. Stochastic models of carcinogenesis. In: Neyman J, ed. Proceedings of the 4th Berkeley symposium on mathematics, statistics, and probability. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1961:18-32.
41. Moolgavkar SH, Knudson AG Jr. Mutation and cancer: a model for human carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1981;66: 1037-52.
42. Whittemore A, Keller JB. Quantitative theories of carcinogenesis. SIAM Rev 1978;20:1-30.
43. Moolgavkar SH. Carcinogenesis modeling: from molecular biology to epidemiology. Annu Rev Public Health 1986;7: 151-69.
44. Thomas DC. Models for exposure-time-response relationships with applications to cancer epidemiology. Annu Rev Public Health 1988;9:451-82.
45. Whittemore AS. The age distribution of human cancer for carcinogenic exposures of varying intensity. Am J Epidemiol 1977;106:418-32.
46. Day NE, Brown CC. Multistage models and primary prevention of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980;64:977-89.
47. Thomas DC. Statistical methods for analyzing effects of temporal patterns of exposure on cancer risks. Scand J Work Environ Health 1983;9:353-66.
48. Moolgavkar SH. The multistage theory of carcinogenesis and the age distribution of cancer in man. J Natl Cancer Inst 1978;61:49-52.
49. Moolgavkar SH, Dewanji A, Venzon DJ. A stochastic two-stage model for cancer risk assessment. I. The hazard function and the probability of tumor. Risk Anal 1988;8:383-92.
50. Brown CC, Chu KC. A new method for the analysis of cohort studies: implications of the multistage theory of carcinogenesis applied to occupational arsenic exposure. Environ Health Perspect 1983;50:293-308.
51. Dong MH, Redmond CK, Mazumdar S, et al. A multistage approach to the cohort analysis of lifetime lung cancer risk among steelworkers exposed to coke oven emissions. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:860-73.
52. Brown CC, Chu KC. Use of multistage models to infer stage affected by carcinogenic exposure: example of lung cancer and cigarette smoking. J Chronic Dis 1987;40(Suppl 2):171S-9S.
53. Freedman DA, Navidi WC. Multistage models for carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 1989;81:169-88.
54. Crump KS, Allen BC, Howe RB, et al. Time-related factors in quantitative risk assessment. J Chronic Dis 1987;40(Suppl 2):101S-11S.
55. Thomas DC. A model for dose rate and duration of exposure effects in radiation carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect 1990;87:163-71.
56. Moolgavkar SH, Dewanji A, Luebeck G. Cigarette smoking and lung cancer: reanalysis of the British doctors' data. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:415-20.
57. Moolgavkar SH, Cross FT, Luebeck G, et al. A two-mutation model for radon-induced lung tumors in rats. Radiat Res 1990;121:28-37.
58. Moolgavkar SH, Luebeck EG, Krewski D, et al. Radon, cigarette smoke, and lung cancer: a re-analysis of the Colorado Plateau uranium miners' data. Epidemiology 1993;4: 204-17.
59. Stayner L, Smith R, Bailer AJ, et al. Modeling epidemiologic studies of occupational cohorts for the quantitative assessment of carcinogenic hazards. Am J Ind Med 1995;27:155-70.
60. Moolgavkar SH, Day NE, Stevens RG. Two-stage model for carcinogenesis: epidemiology of breast cancer in females. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980;65:559-69.
61. Moolgavkar SH, Luebeck EG. Multistage carcinogenesis: population-based model for colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992;84:610-18.
62. Thomas DC, Stram D, Dwyer J. Exposure measurement error: influence on exposure-disease: relationships and methods of correction. Annu Rev Public Health 1993;14:69-93.
63. Rosner B, Willett WC, Spiegelman D. Correction of logistic regression relative risk estimates and confidence intervals for systematic within-person measurement error. Stat Med 1989; 8:1051-69.
64. Rosner B, Spiegelman D, Willett WC. Correction of logistic regression relative risk estimates and confidence intervals for measurement error: the case of multiple covariates measured with error. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:734-45.
65. Pierce DA, Stram DO, Vaeth M. Allowing for random errors in radiation dose estimates for the atomic bomb survivor data. Radiat Res 1990;123:275-84.
66. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958;53:457-81.
67. Langholz B, Borgan Ø. Estimation of absolute risk from nested case-control data. Biometrics 1997;53:767-74.
68. Rosner B. Multivariate methods in ophthalmology with applications to other paired-data situations. Biometrics 1984;40: 1025-35.
69. Bonney GE. Regressive logistic models for familial disease and other binary traits. Biometrics 1986;42:611-25.
70. Clayton DG. A Monte Carlo method for Bayesian inference in frailty models. Biometrics 1991;47:467-85.
71. Hoogaard P, Harvald B, Holm N. Measuring similarities between the lifetimes of adult Danish twins born between 1881-1930. J Am Stat Assoc 1992;87:17-24.
72. Yashin AI, Vaupel JW, Lachine IA. Correlated individual frailty: an advantageous approach to survival analysis of bivariate data. Math Popul Stud 1995;5:145-60.
73. Korsgaard IR, Anderson AH. The additive genetic gamma frailty model. Scand J Stat 1998;25:254-69.
74. Liang KY, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 1986;73:13-22.
75. Prentice RL, Zhao LP. Estimating equations for parameters in means and covariances of multivariate discrete and continuous responses. Biometrics 1991;47:825-39.
76. Lin DY. Cox regression analysis of multivariate failure time data: the marginal approach. Stat Med 1994;13:2233-47.
77. Prentice RL, Cai J. Covariance and survivor function estimation using censored multivariate failure time data. Biometrika 1992;79:495-512.
78. Liddell FDK, McDonald JC, Thomas DC. Methods of cohort analysis: appraisal by application to asbestos mining (with discussion). J R Stat Soc [A] 1977;140:469-91.
79. Prentice RL. A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials. Biometrika 1986;73: 1-11.
80. Borgan Ø, Goldstein L, Langholz B. Methods for the analysis of sampled cohort data in the Cox proportional hazards model. Ann Stat 1995;23:1749-78.
81. Langholz B, Thomas DC. Nested case-control and case-cohort methods of sampling from a cohort: a critical comparison. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:169-76.
82. Langholz B, Thomas DC. Efficiency of cohort sampling designs: some surprising results. Biometrics 1991;47: 1563-71.
83. White JE. A two stage design for the study of the relationship between a rare exposure and a rare disease. Am J Epidemiol 1982;115:119-28.
84. Breslow NE, Cain KC. Logistic regression for two-stage case-control data. Biometrika 1988;75:11-20.
85. Langholz B, Borgan Ø. Counter-matching: a stratified nested case-control sampling method. Biometrika 1995;82:69-79.
86. Langholz B, Clayton D. Sampling strategies in nested case-control studies. Environ Health Perspect 1994;102 (Suppl 8):47-51.
87. Cologne JB. Counterintuitive matching. (Editorial). Epidemiology 1997;8:227-9.
88. Borgan Ø, Langholz B. Risk set sampling designs for proportional hazards models. In: Everitt B, Dunn G, eds. Recent advances in the statistical analysis of medical data. London, England: Edward Arnold, 1998:75-100.
89. Steenland K, Deddens JA. Increased precision using countermatching in nested case-control studies. Epidemiology 1997; 8:238-42.
90. Cardis E, Gilbert ES, Carpenter L, et al. Combined analyses of cancer mortality among nuclear industry workers in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1995. (IARC technical report no. 25).