Recurrent pregnancy loss: An update

Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist

Volumn 43, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 806-814

  Ansari, Amir H ^a,b,c   Kirkpatrick, Beth ^a  

^a LONG ISLAND JEWISH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NORTH SHORE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c Queens Long Island Medical Group   (United States)

Author keywords

Abortion; Pregnancy; Pregnancy outcome; Recurrent

Indexed keywords

CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; CLOMIFENE CITRATE; HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPIN;

ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNITY; CYTOGENETICS; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; LUTEAL INSUFFICIENCY; OVULATION INDUCTION; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT ABORTION; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; TREATMENT INDICATION;

ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS; ADULT; FEMALE; FETAL DEATH; HUMANS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; RECURRENCE;

EID: 0031656990     PISSN: 00247758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Kutteh WH: Recurrent pregnancy loss. In Williams Obstetrics: Supplement. Edited by G Cunningham. Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Connecticut, 1994, pp 1-14
2. Stirrat GM: Recurrent miscarriage: I. Definition and epidemiology. Lancet 1990;336:673-675
3. Carp HJA, Tader V, Mashiach S, et al: Recurrent miscarriage: A review of current concepts, immune mechanisms, and results of treatment. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1990;45:657-669
4. Warburton D, Fraser FC: Spontaneous abortion risks in man: Data from reproductive histories collected in a medical genetics unit. Am J Hum Gen 1964;16:1-5
5. Miller JF, Williamson E, Glue J, et al: Fetal loss after implantation: A prospective study. Lancet 1980;2:554-556
6. Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR, O'Connor JF, et al: Incidence of early pregnancy loss. N Engl J Med 1988;319:189-194
7. Edmonds DK, Lindsay KS, Miller JF, et al: Early embryonic mortality in women. Fertil Steril 1982;38:447-453
8. Whittaker PG, Taylor A, Lind T: Unexpected pregnancy loss in healthy women. Lancet 1983;1:1126-1127
9. Harger JH, Archer DF, Marchese SG, et al: Etiology of recurrent pregnancy losses and outcomes of subsequent pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1983;62:574-581
10. Awan AK: Some biologic correlates of pregnancy wastage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974;119:525-531
11. Mackenzie WE, Holmes DS, Newton JR: Spontaneous abortion rate on ultrasonography viable pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1988;71:81-83
12. Stray-Pedersen B, Stray-Pedersen S: Etiologic factors and subsequent reproductive performance in 195 couples with a prior history of habitual abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 148:140-146
13. Stirrat GM: Recurrent miscarriage: II. Clinical association, causes, and management. Lancet 1990;336:728-733
14. Kajii T, Ferrier A, Niikawa N: Anatomic and chromosomal anomalies in 639 spontaneous abortuses. Hum Genet 1980; 55:87-98
15. Carr DH: Cytogenetic aspects of induced and spontaneous abortions. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1992;15:203-219
16. Rodrigo Guerreo V, Rojas OI: Spontaneous abortion and aging of human ova and spermatozoa. N Engl J Med 1975; 293:573-575
17. Carr DH: Chromosome studies in selected spontaneous abortions and early pregnancy loss. Obstet Gynecol 1971;37: 570-574
18. Tho SPT, Byrd JR, McDonough PG: Etiologies and subsequent reproductive performance of 100 couples with recurrent abortion. Fertil Steril 1979;32:389-395
19. Simpson JL, Meyers CM, Martin AO, et al: Translocations are infrequent among couples having repeated spontaneous abortions but no other abnormal pregnancies. Fertil Steril 1989;511:811-814
20. Schwartz C, Palmer CG: Chromosomal findings in 164 couples with repeated spontaneous abortions: With special consideration to prior reproductive history. Hum Genet 1983;63: 28-34
21. Sachs ES, Jahoda MGJ, Van Hemel JO, et al: Chromosome studies of 500 couples with two or more abortions. Obstet Gynecol 1985;65:375-378
22. Portnoi MF, Joye N, VanDen Akker J, et al: Karyotypes of 1142 couples with recurrent abortion. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 72:31-34
23. Hussiakos DK, Zourlas PA: Transcervical division of uterine septa. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1990;45:165-173
24. Heinonen PK, Pystynen P: Primary infertility and uterine anomalies. Fertil Steril 1983;40:311-316
25. Rock JA, Murphy AA: Anatomic abnormalities. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1986;29:886-991
26. Rock JA, Zacur HA: The clinical management of repeated early pregnancy wastage. Fertil Steril 1983;39:123-140
27. Rand SE: Recurrent spontaneous abortion: Evaluation and management. Am Fam Phys 1993;48:1451-1457
28. Mark AS, Hricak H, Heinrichs LW, et al: Adenomyosis and leiomyoma: Differential diagnosis with MR imagining. Radiology 1987;163:527-529
29. Carrington B, Hricak H: The uterus and vagina. In MRI of the Pelvis. Edited by H Hricak, B Carrington. Norwalk, Connecticut, Appleton & Lange, 1991, pp 100-101
30. Mayer DP, Shipilov V: Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of uterine fibroids. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 22:667-725
31. Ansari AH: Diagnostic procedures for assessment tubal patency. Fertil Steril 1979;31:469-480
32. March CM, Israel R: Gestational outcome following hysteroscopic lysis of adhesions. Fertil Steril 1981;36:455-459
33. Benzl J, Ansari AH: Modified technique for metroplasty. Ann Coll Surg 1981;22:472-474
34. Buttram VC, Reiter RC: Uterine leiomyomata, etiology, symptomatology and management. Fertil Steril 1981;35: 433-435
35. Rock JA: Diagnosing and repairing uterine anomalies. Contemp Obstet Gynecol 1981;1:17-21
36. Ansari AH, Reynolds RA: Cervical incompetence: A review. J Reprod med 1987;32:161-171
37. Joffe GM, DelValle GO, Izquierdo LA: Diagnosis of cervical change in pregnancy by means of trans vaginal ultrasonography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:896-900
38. Okitsu O, Mimura T, Nakayama T, et al: Early prediction of preterm delivery by transvaginal ultrasonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1992;2:402-409
39. Anderson HF, Nugent CE, Wanty S, et al: Prediction of risk for preterm delivery by ultrasonographic measurement of cervical length. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:859-867
40. Kushnir O, Vigil D, Izquierdo L, et al: Vaginal ultrasonographic assessment of cervical length changes during normal pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162:991-993
41. Guzman ER, Rosenberg JC, Houlihan C, et al: A new method using vaginal ultrasound and transfundal pressure to evaluate the asymptomatic incompetent cervix. Obstet Gynecol 1994;83:248-252
42. Lash AF, Lash SR: Habitual abortion: The incompetent internal os of the cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1950;59:68-76
43. Champion PK, Thompson NF: Effect of conization of the cervix on subsequent pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1951; 62:1321-1326
44. Lees DH, Suthust JR: The sequelae of cervical trauma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974;120:1050-1054
45. Shirodkar VN: A method of operative treatment for habitual abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy. Antiseptic 1955;52:299-303
46. McDonald IA: Suture of the cervix for unsuitable miscarriage. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1957;64:346-350
47. McDonald IA: Incompetence of the cervix. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynecol 1971;17:31-34
48. Jones GS: Luteal phase defects. In Progress in Infertility. Edited by SJ Behrman, RW Kistner. Boston, Little, Brown. 1975, pp 229-324
49. Hensleigh PA, Fainstat T: Corpus luteum dysfunction: Serum progesterone levels in diagnosis and assessment of therapy for recurrent and threatened abortion. Fertil Steril 1979;32:396-400
50. McNeely MJ, Soules MR: The diagnosis of luteal phase deficiency: A critical review. Fertil Steril 1988;50:1-15
51. Harrison R: Early recurrent pregnancy failure: Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin. In Early Pregnancy Loss: Mechanisms and Treatment. Edited by RW Beard, F Sharp. London, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 1988, pp 421-428
52. Doody KJ, Carr BR: Diagnosis and treatment of luteal dysfunction. In Ovarian Endocrinology. Edited by SG Hiller. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific, 1991, pp 260-318
53. Andrews WC: Luteal phase defects. Fertil Steril 1979;32: 501-509
54. Daya S: Efficacy of progesterone support for pregnancy in women with recurrent miscarriage: A meta analysis of controlled trials. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989;96:275-280
55. Jones GES, Delfs E: Endocrine patterns in teen pregnancies following abortion. JAMA 1951;46:1212-1218
56. Fritz MA: Inadequate luteal function and recurrent abortion: Diagnosis and treatment of luteal phase deficiency. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1988;6:129-143
57. Baird DD, Weinberg CR, Wilcox AJ, et al: Hormonal profiles of natural conception cycles ending in early unrecognized pregnancy loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:793-800
58. Rocklin RE, Kitzmuller J, Carpenter B, et al: Maternal-fetal reactions: Absence of an immunologic blocking factor from the serum of women with chronic abortions. N Engl J Med 1976;295:1209-1213
59. Stimson WH, Strachan AF, Shepherd A: Studies on the maternal immune response to placement antigens: Absence of a blocking factor from the blood of abortion-prone women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1979;86:41-45
60. McIntyre JA, Faulk WP: Maternal blocking factors in human pregnancy are found in plasma not serum. Lancet 1979;2:821-823
61. Sunderland CA, Naiem M, Mason DY, et al: The expression of major histocompatibility antigen by human chorionic villi. J Reprod Immunol 1981;3:323-331
62. Beer AE, Quebbeman JF, Ayers JWT, et al: Major histocompatibility complex antigens, maternal and paternal immune responses and chronic habitual abortion in humans. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;141:987-999
63. Dudley DJ, Branch BW: Antiphospholipid syndrome: A model for autoimmune pregnancy loss. Infertil Reprod Med Clin North Am 1991;2:149-164
64. Infante-Rivard C, David M, Gauthier R, et al: Lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies and fetal loss. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1063-1066
65. Kutteh WH: Antiphospholipid antibody-associated recurrent pregnancy loss: Treatment with heparin and low-dose aspirin is superior to low-dose aspirin alone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1584-1589
66. Rosove MH, Tabsh K, Wasserstrum N, et al: Heparin therapy for pregnant women with lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies. Obstet Gynecol 1990;75:630-634
67. Lubbe WF, Butler HW, Palmer SJ, et al: Fetal survival after prednisone suppression of maternal lupus anticoagulant. Lancet 1983;1:1361-1363
68. Branch DW, Scott JR, Kochenour NK, et al: Obstetric complications associated with the lupus anticoagulant. N Engl J Med 1985;331:1322-1326
69. Lubbe WG, Liggins GC: Role of lupus anticoagulant and immunity in recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1988;6:161-190
70. Branch DW, Silver RM, Blackwell JL, et al: Outcome of treated pregnancies in women with antiphospholipid syndrome: An update of the Utah experience. Obstet Gynecol 1992;80: 614-620
71. Cowchock FS, Reese EA, Balaban D, et al: Repeated fetal losses associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: A collaborative randomized trail comparing prednisone with low-dose heparin treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166: 1318-1323
72. Hill JA, Anderson DJ: Cell-mediated immune mechanisms in recurrent spontaneous abortion. In Contraceptive Research for Today and Nineties. Edited by GP Talwar. New York, Springer Verlag, 1988, pp 171-180
73. Hill JA, Polgar K, Anderson DJ: T-helper 1-type immunity to trophoblast in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. JAMA 1995;273:1933-1936
74. Coulam CB: Immunotherapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion: Early pregnancy. Bio Med 1995;1:13-15
75. Dudley DJ: Recurrent pregnancy loss and cytokines: Not as simple as it seems. JAMA 1995;273:1958-1959
76. The Recurrent Miscarriage Immunotherapy Trialist Group: Worldwide collaborative observational study and metaanalysis on allogenic leukocyte immunotherapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994;32: 52-72
77. Fraser EJ, Grimes DA, Schulz KF: Immunization as therapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion: A review and metaanalysis. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:854-859
78. Beer AE, Scott JR, Billingham RE: Histocompatibility and maternal immunologic status as a determinant of fetoplacental weight and litter size in rodents. J Exp Med 1975;142:180-184
79. Hill JA, Anderson DJ: Blood transfusion for recurrent abortion: Is the treatment worse than the disease? Fertil Steril 1986;46:152-153
80. Hormeye GJ, Jaffe MI, Bezwoda WR, et al: Immunologic investigation of recurrent pregnancy loss and consequences of immunization with husband leukocytes. Fertil Steril 1987;48: 681-684
81. Naib AM, Nahmias AJ, Josey WE, et al: Association of maternal genital herpetic infection with spontaneous abortion. Obstet Gynecol 1970;35:260-263
82. Driscoll SG, Kundsin RB, Home HW, et al: Infections and first trimester losses: Possible role of mycoplasm. Fertil Steril 1969;20:1017-1019
83. Riley LE, Turmala RE: Infectious diseases and recurrent pregnancy loss. Infertil Reprod Med Clin North Am 1991;2: 165-174
84. Harlap S, Shiono PH: Alcohol, smoking and incidence of spontaneous abortion in the first and second trimester. Lancet 1980;2:173-176
85. Barlow S, Sullivan FM: Reproductive Hazards of Industrial Chemicals: An evaluation of animal and human data. New York, Academic Press, 1982
86. Armstrong BG, McDonald AD, Sloan M: Cigarette, alcohol and coffee consumption and spontaneous abortion. Am J Public Health 1992;82:85-87
87. Polifka JE, Friedman JM: Environmental toxins and recurrent pregnancy loss. Infertil Reprod Med Clin North Am 1991;2:195-199
88. Laufer MR, Ecker JL, Hill JA: Pregnancy outcome following ultrasound detected fetal cardiac activity in women with history of multiple spontaneous abortion. J Soc Gynecol Invest 1994;1:138-142
89. Van Leeuwen I, Branch DW, Scott JR: First trimester ultrasonography findings in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:111-114
90. Homburg R, Levy T, Berkovitz D, et al: Gonodotropin-releasing hormone agonist reduces the miscarriage rate for pregnancies achieved in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Fertil Steril 1993;59:527-531
91. Balen AH, Tan S-L, Jacobs HS: Hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone: A significant cause of infertility and miscarriage. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993;100:1082-1089
92. Clifford K, Rai R, Watson H, et al: Does suppressing luteinizing hormone secretion reduce the miscarriage rate?: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Br Med J 1996;312: 1508-1511
93. Mizejewski GJ, Phillips L, Stoll W: In vitro studies of the abortogenic potential of antiserum in alphafetoprotein. Int J Immunopharmacol 1981;3:87-95
94. Lidbjork G, Kjessler B, Johansson SGO: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in maternal serum in 115 patients with spontaneous abortion. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (suppl) 1977;69: 50-53
95. Habib Z: Maternal plasma alpha fetoprotein in pregnancies terminating in spontaneous abortion. Biol Neonate 1978;33: 39-42