Functional group orientation in surface and bulk polystyrene studied by ultra soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Applied Surface Science

Volumn 133, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 58-64

  Fischer, D A ^a,d   Mitchell, G E ^b   Yeh, A T ^c   Gland, J L ^c  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^d BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Polystyrene; X ray absorption fine structure

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONS; FLUORESCENCE; MOLECULAR ORIENTATION; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; PLASTIC FILMS; SOLVENTS; SURFACE STRUCTURE;

X RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY;

POLYSTYRENES;

EID: 0031652444     PISSN: 01694332     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00007-5     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. B.J. Factor, T.P. Russell, M.F. Toney, Surface ordering of an aromatic polyimide, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (9) (1991) 1181-1184.
2. A. Chilkoti, D.G. Castner, B.D. Ratner, Static secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of deuterium- and methyl-substituted polystyrene, Appl. Spectrosc. 45 (2) (1991) 209-217.
3. N. Ueno, W. Gädeke, E.E. Koch, R. Engelhardt, R. Dudde, Quasi-molecular angle dependence of photoemission from thin films of polystyrene, J. Electron Spectrosc. Rel. Phen. 36 (2) (1985) 143-151.
4. A.M. Botelho Do Rego, M. Rei Vilar, J. Lopes Da Silva, M. Heyman, M. Schott, Electronic excitation and secondary electron emission studies by low-energy electrons back scattered from thin polystyrene film surfaces, Surf. Sci. 178 (1986) 367-374.
5. S. Akhter, L. Fahlquist, J.M. White, E.L. Hardegree, Preferential orientation of pendent groups at polymer surfaces: phenyl ring distribution on polystyrene film surfaces, Appl. Surf. Sci. 37 (4) (1989) 406-418.
6. M. Rei Vilar, M. Schott, J.J. Pireaux, C. Grégoire, P.A. Thiry, R. Caudano, A. Lapp, A.M. Botelho Do Rego, J. Lopes Da Silva, Study of polymer film surfaces by EELS using selectively deuterated polystyrene, Surf. Sci. 189/190 (1987) 927-934.
7. M. Rei Vilar, M. Schott, J.J. Pireaux, C.C. Grégoire, R. Caudano, A. Lapp, J. Lopes Da Silva, A.M. Botelho Do Rego, Films of mixtures of deuterated and hydrogenated polymers An HREELS study, Surf. Sci. 211/212 (1989) 782-789.
8. W.M. Prest Jr., D.J. Luca, The origin of the optical anisotropy of solvent cast polymeric films, J. Appl. Phys. 50 (10) (1979) 6067-6071.
9. W.M. Prest Jr., D.J. Luca, The alignment of polymers during the solvent-coating process, J. Appl. Phys. 51 (10) (1980) 5170-5174.
10. J. Stöhr (Ed.), NEXAFS Spectroscopy, Springer, New York, 1992, pp. 276-290.
11. M.P. Seah, W.A. Dench, Quantitative electron spectroscopy of surfaces: a standard data base for electron inelastic mean free paths in solids, Surf. Interf. Anal. 1 (1) (1979) 2-11.
12. D.A. Fischer, J. Colbert, J.L. Gland, Ultrasoft (C,N,O) X-ray fluorescence detection: proportional counters, focusing multilayer mirrors, and scattered light systematics, Rev. Sci. Instr. 60 (7) (1989) 1596-1602.
13. D. Outka, J. Stöhr, Curve-fitting analysis of near-edge core excitation spectra of free, adsorbed, and polymeric molecules, J. Chem. Phys. 88 (6) (1988) 3539-3554.
14. J.A. Horsley, J. Stöhr, A.P. Hitchcock, D.C. Newbury, A.L. Johnson, F. Sette, Resonances in the K shell excitation spectra of benzene and pyridine: gas phase, solid, and chemisorbed states, J. Chem. Phys. 83 (12) (1985) 6099-6107.
15. J. Stöhr, D. Outka, Determination of molecular orientations on surfaces from the angular dependence of near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectra, Phys. Rev. B 36 (15) (1987) 7891-7905.
16. G. Elsner, Residual stress and thermal expansion of spun-on polyimide films, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 34 (2) (1987) 815-828.
17. S. Tanuma, C.J. Powell, D.R. Penn, Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths: V. Data for 14 organic compounds over the 50-2000 eV range, Surf. Interf. Anal. 21 (3) (1994) 165-176.
18. G. Meitzner, D.A. Fischer, Phys. Rev. B (submitted).
19. D.A. Fischer, B.M. DeKoven, D.H. Parker, G.E. Mitchell, J.L. Gland (in preparation).
20. G.E. Mitchell, B.M. DeKoven, D.R. Speth, M.E. Jones, J.J. Curphy, D.L. Schmidt, A.T. Yeh, J.L. Gland, D.A. Fischer, Polymer/Inorganic Interfaces, in: R. Opila, F. Boerio, A. Czanderna, (Eds.), MRS Proc. Vol. 304, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 1993, pp. 215-220.
21. T.G. Strange, R. Mathew, D.F. Evans, W.A. Hendrickson, Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization of polystyrene spin-coated onto silicon surfaces, Langmuir 8 (3) (1992) 920-926.