A frequency warping approach to speaker normalization

IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 49-60

  Lee, Li ^a,b   Rose, Richard ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b AT AND T LABS RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Continuous speech recognition; Frequency warping; Hidden markov modeling; Speaker normalization

Indexed keywords

MARKOV PROCESSES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; TELEPHONE APPARATUS;

FREQUENCY WARPING METHOD; HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS (HMM); SPEAKER NORMALIZATION;

SPEECH RECOGNITION;

EID: 0031647824     PISSN: 10636676     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/89.650310     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. A. Andreou, T. Kamm, and J. Cohen, "Experiments in vocal tract normalization," in Proc. CAIP Workshop: Frontiers in Speech Recognition II, 1994.
2. S. B. Davis and P. Mermelstein, "Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP28, pp. 357-366, Aug. 1980.
3. G. Fant, "Non-uniform vowel normalization," Speech Transmiss. Lab. Rep., Royal Inst. Technol., Stockholm, Sweden, 1975, vols. 2/3, pp. 1-19.
4. J.-L. Gauvain and C.-H. Lee, "Maximum a posteriori estimation for multivariate Gaussian mixture observations of Markov chains," IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Processing, vol. 2, pp. 291-298, Apr. 1994.
5. L. Lee and R. Rose, "Speaker normalization using efficient frequency warping procedures," in Proc. ICASSP'96, pp. 353-356.
6. J. D. Markel, B. T. Oshika, and A. H. Gray, Jr., "Long-term feature averaging for speaker recognition," IEEE Trans. Acoiisl., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-25, pp. 330-337, Aug. 1977.
7. L. Mathan and L. Miclet, "Speaker hierarchical clustering for improving speaker independent HMM word recognition," in Proc. ICASSP 90, pp. 149-152.
8. Y. Ono, H. Wakita, and Y. Zhao, "Speaker normalization using constrained spectra shifts in auditory filter domain," in Proc. EUROSPEECH'93, pp. 355-358.
9. A. V. Oppenheim and D. H. Johnson, "Discrete representation of signals," Proc. IEEE, vol. 60, pp. 681-691.
10. A. Potamianos, L. Lee, and R. C. Rose, "A feature-space transformation for telephone based speech recognition," in Proc. EUROSPEECH'95.
11. L. R. Rabiner and B.-H. Juang, Fundamentals of Speech Recognition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1993.
12. R. Roth et al., "Dragon systems' 1994 large vocabulary continuous speech recognizer," in Proc. Spoken Language Systems Technology Workshop, 1995.
13. W. Torres, personal communication.
14. H. Wakita, "Normalization of vowels by vocal-tract length and its application to vowel identification," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-25, pp. 183-192, Apr. 1977.