Clinical Gait Analysis - Methods, Limitations, and Indications;Klinische Ganganalyse - Methoden, Limitationen und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten

Acta Medica Austriaca

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 27-32

  Kopf, A ^a   Pawelka, S ^a   Kranzl, A ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Electromyography; Gait analysis; Kinematics; Kinetics; Methods

Indexed keywords

CLASSIFICATION; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; GAIT; HUMAN; IMAGE PROCESSING; KINETICS; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL PROCESSING; VIDEORECORDING;

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; GAIT; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; KINETICS; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; VIDEO RECORDING;

EID: 0031616783     PISSN: 03038173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Barr AE, Siegel KL, Danoff JV, McGarvey CL, Tomasko A, Sable I, Stanhope SJ: Biomechanical comparison of the energy-storing capabilities of SACH and Carbon Copy II prosthetic feet during the stance phase of gait in a person with below-knee amputation. Phys Ther 1992;72:344-354.
2. Basmajian J, De Luca C: Muscles Alive. 5th ed. Baltimore-London-Los Angeles-Sydney, Williams & Wilkins, 1985.
3. Baumann JU, Hanggi A: A method of gait analysis for daily orthopaedic practice. J Med Eng Technol 1977;1(2):86-91.
4. Bleck EE: Orthopaedic Management in Cerebral Palsy Philadelphia. MacKeith Press, 1987.
5. Cahan LD, Adams JM, Perry J, Beeler LM: Instrumented gait analysis after selective dorsal rhizotomy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1990;32:1037-1043.
6. Campbell J, Ball J: Energetics of Walking in Cerebral Palsy. Orthop Clin North Am 1978;9:374-377.
7. Catani F, Capanna R, Benedetti MG, Battistini A, Leardini A, Cinque G, Giannini S: Gait analysis in patients after Van Nes rotationplasty. Clin Orthop 1993;296:270-277.
8. Colborne GR, Naumann S, Longmuir PE, Berbrayer D: Analysis of mechanical and metabolic factors in the gait of congenital below knee amputees. A comparison of the SACH and Seattle feet. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1992;71:272-278.
9. Czerniecki JM, Gitter A, Munro C: Joint moment and muscle power output characteristics of below knee amputees during running: the influence of energy storing prosthetic feet [published erratum appears in J Biomech 1991;24:271-272]. J Biomech 1991;24:63-75.
10. Davis RB, Ounpuu S, Tybursky DJ, DeLuca PA: A comparison of 2D and 3D techniques for the determination of joint rotation angles. Proceedings of the Internal Symposium on 3-D Analysis of Human Movement. Montreal, 1991.
11. DeLuca PA: The Use of Gait Analysis and Dynamic Electromyogram in the Assessment of the Child with Cerebral Palsy. Sem Orthop 1989;4:256-276.
12. DeLuca PA: Gait analysis in the treatment of the ambulatory child with cerebral palsy. Clin Orthop 1991;264:65-75.
13. Ehara Y, Beppu M, Nomura S, Kunimi Y, Takahashi S: Energy storing property of so-called energy-storing prosthetic feet. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1993;74:68-72.
14. Elmqvist LG, Lorentzon R, Johansson C, Langstrom M, Fagerlund M, Fugl Meyer AR: Knee extensor muscle function before and after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament tear. Scand J Rehab Med 1989;21:131-139.
15. Etnyre B, Chambers CS, Scarborough NH, Cain TE: Preoperative and postoperative assessment of surgical intervention for equinus gait in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 1993;13:24-31.
16. Gage JR: Surgical treatment of knee dysfunction in cerebral palsy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;253:45-53.
17. Gage JR: Gait Analysis in Cerebral Palsy. London: MacKeith Press, 1991.
18. Gage JR, Fabian D, Hicks R, Tashman S: Pre- and Postoperative Gait Analysis in Patients with Spastic Diplegia: A Preliminary Report. J Pediatr Orthop 1984;4:715-725.
19. Hoffer MM, Perry J, Melkonian G: Postoperative electromyographic function of tendon transfers in patients with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1990;32:789-791.
20. Kadaba MP, Wootten ME, Gainey J, Cochran GV: Repeatability of phasic muscle activity: performance of surface and intramuscular wire electrodes in gait analysis. J Orthop Res 1985;3:350-359.
21. Komi PV, Buskirk ER: Reproducibility of electromyographic measurements with inserted wire electrodes and surface electrodes. Electromyography 1970;10:357-367.
22. Krebs DE, Edelstein JE, Fishman S: Reliability of observational kinematic gait analysis. Phys Ther 1985;65:1027-1033.
23. Lehmann JF, Price R, Boswell Bessette S, Dralle A, Questad K: Comprehensive analysis of dynamic elastic response feet: Seattle Ankle/Lite Foot versus SACH foot. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1993;74:853-861.
24. Lehmann JF, Price R, Boswell Bessette S, Dralle A, Questad K, deLateur BJ: Comprehensive analysis of energy storing prosthetic feet: Flex Foot and Seattle Foot Versus Standard SACH foot. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1993;74:1225-1231.
25. Olney SJ, MacPhail HE, Hedden DM, Boyce WF: Work and power in hemiplegic cerebral palsy gait. Phys Ther 1990;70:431-438.
26. Ounpuu S, Bell KJ, Davis III RB, DeLuca PA: An evaluation of the posterior leaf spring orthosis using joint kinematics and kinetics. J Pediatr Orthop 1996;16:378-384.
27. Ounpuu S, Gage JR, Davis RB: Three-dimensional lower extremity joint kinetics in normal pediatric gait. J Pediatr Orthop 1991;11:341-349.
28. Ounpuu S, Muik E, Davis RB, Gage JR, DeLuca PA: Rectus femoris surgery in children with cerebral palsy. Part II: A comparison between the effect of transfer and release of the distal rectus femoris on knee motion. J Pediatr Orthop 1993;13:331-335.
29. Ounpuu S, Winter DA: Bilateral electromyographical analysis of the lower limbs during walking in normal adults. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989;72:429-438.
30. Perry J: Gait Analysis. Normal and Pathological Function. Thorofare: SLACK, 1992.
31. Perry J: Determinants of muscle function in the spastic lower extremity. Clin Orthop 1993;288:10-26.
32. Perry J, Hoffer MM: Preoperative and postoperative dynamic electromyography as an aid in planning tendon transfers in children with cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1977;59:531-537.
33. Perry J, Hoffer MM, Giovan P, Antonelli D, Greenberg R: Gait analysis of the triceps surae in cerebral palsy. A preoperative and postoperative clinical and electromyographic study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1974;56:511-520.
34. Rose GK: Clinical gait assessment: a personal view. J Med Eng Technol 1983;7:273-279.
35. Rose J, Gamble JG, Medeiros J, Burgos A, Haskell WL: Energy cost of walking in normal children and in those with cerebral palsy: comparison of heart rate and oxygen uptake. J Pediatr Orthop 1989;9:276-279.
36. Rose SA, DeLuca PA, Davis RB, Ounpuu S, Gage JR, Kinematic and kinetic evaluation of the ankle after lengthening of the gastrocnemius fascia in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 1993;13:727-732.
37. Rose SA, Ounpuu S, DeLuca PA: Strategies for the assessment of pediatric gait in the clinical setting. Phys Ther 1991;71:961-980.
38. Simon SR, Deutsch SD, Nuzzo RM, Mansour MJ, Jackson JL, Koskinen M, Rosenthal RM: Genu Recurvatum in Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Report on Findings by Gait Analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1978;60:882-94.
39. Sutherland DH, Olshen RA, Biden EN, et al: The Development of Mature Walking. Philadelphia, MacKeith, 1988.
40. Sutherland DH, Cooper L: The pathomechanics of progressive crouch gait in spastic diplegia. Orthop Clin North Am 1978;9:143-154.
41. Timoney JM, Inman WS, Quesada PM, Sharkey PF, Barrack RL, Skinner HB, Alexander AH: Return of normal gait patterns after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 1993;21:887-889.
42. Vredenbregt J, Rau G: Surface electromyography in relation to force, muscle length and endurance. In Desmedt J (ed): Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Basel, Karger, 1973, pp 607-622.
43. Waters RL, Frazier J, Garland DE, Jordan C, Perry J: Electromyographic gait analysis before and after operative treatment for hemiplegic equinus and equinovarus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1982;64:284-288.
44. Wells RP: The projection of the ground reaction force as a predictor of internal joint moments. Bull Prosthet Res 1981;10:15-19.
45. Winter DA: Concerning the scientific basis for the diagnosis of pathological gait and for rehabilitation protocols. Physiother Canada 1985;37:245-252.
46. Winter DA: Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. 2nd ed. New York-Chichester-Brisbane-Toronto-Singapore. Wiley Intersience Publication, 1990.
47. Winter DA, Yack HJ: EMG profiles during normal human walking: stride-to-stride and inter-subject variability. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1987;67:402-411.
48. Yang JF, Winter DA: Electromyography reliability in maximal and submaximal isometric contractions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1983;64:417-420.
49. Yang JF, Winter DA: Electromyographic amplitude normalization methods: improving their sensitivity as diagnostic tools in gait analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984;65:517-521.
50. Young CC, Rose SE, Biden EN, Wyatt MP, Sutherland DH: The effect of surface and internal electrodes on the gait of children with cerebral palsy, spastic diplegic type. J Orthop Res 1989;7:732-737.