메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 416, 1998, Pages 5-21

Endosonography of the anal sphincter muscles in healthy volunteers and in patients with defecation disorders

(1)  Nielsen, M B a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANAL CANAL; CONSTIPATION; DEFECATION; ECHOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; FECES INCONTINENCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INJURY; INSTRUMENTATION; INTESTINE OBSTRUCTION; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; RECTUM DISEASE; REVIEW;

EID: 0031615583     PISSN: 03655954     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 0028197306 scopus 로고
    • Transrectal sonographically guided drainage of deep pelvic abscesses
    • ALEXANDER A. A., ESCHELMAN D. J., NAZARIAN L. N. & BONN J.: Transrectal sonographically guided drainage of deep pelvic abscesses. AJR 162 (1994), 1227.
    • (1994) AJR , vol.162 , pp. 1227
    • Alexander, A.A.1    Eschelman, D.J.2    Nazarian, L.N.3    Bonn, J.4
  • 3
    • 0025029401 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of anal sphincters and related structures in continent women studied with magnetic resonance imaging
    • ARONSON M. P., LEE R. A. & BERQUIST T. H.: Anatomy of anal sphincters and related structures in continent women studied with magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet. Gynecol. 76 (1990), 846.
    • (1990) Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.76 , pp. 846
    • Aronson, M.P.1    Lee, R.A.2    Berquist, T.H.3
  • 4
    • 0023929809 scopus 로고
    • Hemorrhoidectomy and sphincterotomy. A prospective study comparing the effectiveness of anal stretch and sphincterotomy in reducing pain after hemorrhoidectomy
    • ASFAR S. K., JUMA T. H. & ALA-EDEEN T.: Hemorrhoidectomy and sphincterotomy. A prospective study comparing the effectiveness of anal stretch and sphincterotomy in reducing pain after hemorrhoidectomy. Dis. Colon Rectum 31 (1988), 181.
    • (1988) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.31 , pp. 181
    • Asfar, S.K.1    Juma, T.H.2    Ala-Edeen, T.3
  • 5
    • 0018644529 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the external anal sphincter in man
    • Basel
    • AYOUB S. F.: Anatomy of the external anal sphincter in man. Acta Anat. (Basel) 105 (1979), 25.
    • (1979) Acta Anat. , vol.105 , pp. 25
    • Ayoub, S.F.1
  • 7
    • 0026800919 scopus 로고
    • Risks of anal incontinence from subsequent vaginal delivery after a complete obstetric anal sphincter tear
    • BEK K. M. & LAURBERG S.: Risks of anal incontinence from subsequent vaginal delivery after a complete obstetric anal sphincter tear. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 99 (1992), 724.
    • (1992) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. , vol.99 , pp. 724
    • Bek, K.M.1    Laurberg, S.2
  • 8
    • 0024511588 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the role of rectal endosonography in rectal cancer
    • BEYNON J.: An evaluation of the role of rectal endosonography in rectal cancer. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 71 (1989), 131.
    • (1989) Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. , vol.71 , pp. 131
    • Beynon, J.1
  • 9
    • 0023748259 scopus 로고
    • Combined sphincter repair and postanal repair for the treatment of complicated injuries to the anal sphincters
    • BROWNING G. G., HENRY M. M. & MOTSON R. W.: Combined sphincter repair and postanal repair for the treatment of complicated injuries to the anal sphincters. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 70 (1988), 324.
    • (1988) Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. , vol.70 , pp. 324
    • Browning, G.G.1    Henry, M.M.2    Motson, R.W.3
  • 10
    • 0021333731 scopus 로고
    • Anal sphincter injury. Management and results of Parks sphincter repair
    • BROWNING G. G. & MOTSON R. W.: Anal sphincter injury. Management and results of Parks sphincter repair. Ann. Surg. 199 (1984), 351.
    • (1984) Ann. Surg. , vol.199 , pp. 351
    • Browning, G.G.1    Motson, R.W.2
  • 11
    • 0025905348 scopus 로고
    • Endosonographic variations in the normal internal anal sphincter
    • BURNETT S. J. & BARTRAM C. I.: Endosonographic variations in the normal internal anal sphincter. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 6 (1991), 2.
    • (1991) Int. J. Colorectal Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 2
    • Burnett, S.J.1    Bartram, C.I.2
  • 12
    • 0025731278 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of endosonographic detection of external anal sphincter defects by simultaneous electromyographic mapping
    • BURNETT S. J., SPEAKMAN C. T., KAMM M. A. & BARTRAM C. I.: Confirmation of endosonographic detection of external anal sphincter defects by simultaneous electromyographic mapping. Br. J. Surg. 78 (1991), 448.
    • (1991) Br. J. Surg. , vol.78 , pp. 448
    • Burnett, S.J.1    Speakman, C.T.2    Kamm, M.A.3    Bartram, C.I.4
  • 14
    • 0022810547 scopus 로고
    • Prime esperienze di ecotomografia transrettale nella patologia ascessuale perianale
    • CAMMAROTA T., DISCALZO L., CORNO F., DAL-BO' R. & FIORE L.: Prime esperienze di ecotomografia transrettale nella patologia ascessuale perianale. Radiol. Med. Torino 72 (1986), 837.
    • (1986) Radiol. Med. Torino , vol.72 , pp. 837
    • Cammarota, T.1    Discalzo, L.2    Corno, F.3    Dal-Bo', R.4    Fiore, L.5
  • 15
    • 0028907795 scopus 로고
    • Hereditary proctalgia fugax and constipation. Report of a second family
    • CELIK A. F., KATSINELOS P., READ N. W., KHAN M. I. & DONNELLY T. C.: Hereditary proctalgia fugax and constipation. Report of a second family. Gut 36 (1995), 581.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 581
    • Celik, A.F.1    Katsinelos, P.2    Read, N.W.3    Khan, M.I.4    Donnelly, T.C.5
  • 17
    • 0025801176 scopus 로고
    • Comparison between anal endosonography and digital examination in the evaluation of anal fistulae
    • CHOEN S., BURNETT S., BARTRAM C. I. & NICHOLLS R. J.: Comparison between anal endosonography and digital examination in the evaluation of anal fistulae. Br. J. Surg. 78 (1991), 445.
    • (1991) Br. J. Surg. , vol.78 , pp. 445
    • Choen, S.1    Burnett, S.2    Bartram, C.I.3    Nicholls, R.J.4
  • 18
    • 0023135581 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic anal incontinence. Results of surgical repair
    • CHRISTIANSEN J. & PEDERSEN I. K.: Traumatic anal incontinence. Results of surgical repair. Dis. Colon Rectum 30 (1987), 189.
    • (1987) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.30 , pp. 189
    • Christiansen, J.1    Pedersen, I.K.2
  • 19
  • 21
    • 0026575851 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of anal incontinence by an implantable prosthetic anal sphincter
    • CHRISTIANSEN J. & SPARSØ B.: Treatment of anal incontinence by an implantable prosthetic anal sphincter. Ann. Surg. 215 (1992), 383.
    • (1992) Ann. Surg. , vol.215 , pp. 383
    • Christiansen, J.1    Sparsø, B.2
  • 22
    • 0027171807 scopus 로고
    • Incontinence following rupture of the anal sphincter during delivery
    • CRAWFORD L. A., QUINT E. H., PEARL M. L. & DELANCEY J. O.: Incontinence following rupture of the anal sphincter during delivery. Obstet. Gynecol. 82 (1993), 527.
    • (1993) Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.82 , pp. 527
    • Crawford, L.A.1    Quint, E.H.2    Pearl, M.L.3    Delancey, J.O.4
  • 24
    • 0023187633 scopus 로고
    • The riddle of the sphincters. the morphophysiology of the anorectal mechanism reviewed
    • Published erratum appears in Am. Surg. 53 (1987), 398
    • DALLEY A. F.: The riddle of the sphincters. The morphophysiology of the anorectal mechanism reviewed. Am. Surg. 53 (1987), 298. [Published erratum appears in Am. Surg. 53 (1987), 398.]
    • (1987) Am. Surg. , vol.53 , pp. 298
    • Dalley, A.F.1
  • 25
    • 0027323654 scopus 로고
    • Anal sphincter defects. Correlation between endoanal ultrasound and surgery
    • DEEN K. I., KUMAR D., WILLIAMS J. G., OLLIFF J. & KEIGHLEY M. R.: Anal sphincter defects. Correlation between endoanal ultrasound and surgery. Ann. Surg. 218 (1993), 201.
    • (1993) Ann. Surg. , vol.218 , pp. 201
    • Deen, K.I.1    Kumar, D.2    Williams, J.G.3    Olliff, J.4    Keighley, M.R.5
  • 26
    • 0027232055 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of anal sphincter defects in faecal incontinence. A prospective endosonic study
    • DEEN K. I., KUMAR D., WILLIAMS J. G., OLLIFF J. & KEIGHLEY M. R.: The prevalence of anal sphincter defects in faecal incontinence. A prospective endosonic study. Gut 34 (1993), 685.
    • (1993) Gut , vol.34 , pp. 685
    • Deen, K.I.1    Kumar, D.2    Williams, J.G.3    Olliff, J.4    Keighley, M.R.5
  • 27
    • 0028266496 scopus 로고
    • Fistulas in ano. Endoanal ultrasonographic assessment assists decision making for surgery
    • DEEN K. I., WILLIAMS J. G., HUTCHINSON R., KEIGHLEY M. R. & KUMAR D.: Fistulas in ano. Endoanal ultrasonographic assessment assists decision making for surgery. Gut 35 (1994), 391.
    • (1994) Gut , vol.35 , pp. 391
    • Deen, K.I.1    Williams, J.G.2    Hutchinson, R.3    Keighley, M.R.4    Kumar, D.5
  • 28
    • 0026485942 scopus 로고
    • Etude de la prévalence de l'incontinence anale chez l'adulte
    • DENIS P., BERCOFF E., BIZIEN M. F. et al.: Etude de la prévalence de l'incontinence anale chez l'adulte. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 16 (1992), 344.
    • (1992) Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 344
    • Denis, P.1    Bercoff, E.2    Bizien, M.F.3
  • 29
    • 0029111502 scopus 로고
    • High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the anal sphincter using an internal coil
    • DESOUZA N. M., KMIOT W. A., PUNT R. et al.: High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the anal sphincter using an internal coil. Gut 37 (1995), 284.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.37 , pp. 284
    • Desouza, N.M.1    Kmiot, W.A.2    Punt, R.3
  • 30
    • 0020603457 scopus 로고
    • Endoluminal ultrasonic scanning in the evaluation of rectal cancer. A preliminary report of 13 cases
    • DRAGSTED J. & GAMMELGAARD J.: Endoluminal ultrasonic scanning in the evaluation of rectal cancer. A preliminary report of 13 cases. Gastrointest. Radiol. 8 (1983), 367.
    • (1983) Gastrointest. Radiol. , vol.8 , pp. 367
    • Dragsted, J.1    Gammelgaard, J.2
  • 31
    • 0028268102 scopus 로고
    • Anal endosonography in healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence
    • ECKARDT V. F., JUNG B., FISCHER B. & LIERSE W.: Anal endosonography in healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence. Dis. Colon Rectum 37 (1994), 235.
    • (1994) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.37 , pp. 235
    • Eckardt, V.F.1    Jung, B.2    Fischer, B.3    Lierse, W.4
  • 33
    • 0028057587 scopus 로고
    • The importance of anal endosonography in the evaluation of idiopathic fecal incontinence
    • EMBLEM R., DHAENENS G., STIEN R., MORKRID L., AASEN A. O. & BERGAN A.: The importance of anal endosonography in the evaluation of idiopathic fecal incontinence. Dis. Colon Rectum 37 (1994), 42.
    • (1994) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.37 , pp. 42
    • Emblem, R.1    Dhaenens, G.2    Stien, R.3    Morkrid, L.4    Aasen, A.O.5    Bergan, A.6
  • 34
    • 0028237837 scopus 로고
    • Civilian and war injuries of the perineum and anal sphincters
    • ENGEL A. F., KAMM M. A. & HAWLEY P. R.: Civilian and war injuries of the perineum and anal sphincters. Br. J. Sure. 81 (1994), 1069.
    • (1994) Br. J. Sure. , vol.81 , pp. 1069
    • Engel, A.F.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Hawley, P.R.3
  • 37
    • 0028661211 scopus 로고
    • The use of endoluminal ultrasound in the assessment of patients with faecal incontinence
    • FAROUK R. & BARTOLO D. C.: The use of endoluminal ultrasound in the assessment of patients with faecal incontinence. J. R. Coll. Surg. Edinb. 39 (1994), 312.
    • (1994) J. R. Coll. Surg. Edinb. , vol.39 , pp. 312
    • Farouk, R.1    Bartolo, D.C.2
  • 39
    • 0026756117 scopus 로고
    • Anal endosonography. Relationship with anal manometry and neurophysiologic tests
    • FELT-BERSMA R. J., CUESTA M. A., KOOREVAAR M. et al.: Anal endosonography. Relationship with anal manometry and neurophysiologic tests. Dis. Colon Rectum 35 (1992), 944.
    • (1992) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.35 , pp. 944
    • Felt-Bersma, R.J.1    Cuesta, M.A.2    Koorevaar, M.3
  • 40
    • 0028928530 scopus 로고
    • Unsuspected sphincter defects shown by anal endosonography after anorectal surgery. A prospective study
    • FELT-BERSMA R. J., VAN-BAREN R., KOOREVAAR M., STRIJERS R. L. & CUESTA M. A.: Unsuspected sphincter defects shown by anal endosonography after anorectal surgery. A prospective study. Dis. Colon Rectum 38 (1995), 249.
    • (1995) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.38 , pp. 249
    • Felt-Bersma, R.J.1    Van-Baren, R.2    Koorevaar, M.3    Strijers, R.L.4    Cuesta, M.A.5
  • 42
    • 0019199140 scopus 로고
    • Transurethral and transrectal ultrasonic scanning in urology
    • GAMMELGAARD J. & HOLM H. H.: Transurethral and transrectal ultrasonic scanning in urology. J. Urol. 124 (1980), 863.
    • (1980) J. Urol. , vol.124 , pp. 863
    • Gammelgaard, J.1    Holm, H.H.2
  • 43
    • 0027365701 scopus 로고
    • Sonoaraphic, manometric, and myographic evaluation of the anal sphincters morphology and function
    • GANTKE B., SCHÄFER A., ENCK P. & LÜBKE H. J.: Sonoaraphic, manometric, and myographic evaluation of the anal sphincters morphology and function. Dis. Colon Rectum 36 (1993), 1037.
    • (1993) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.36 , pp. 1037
    • Gantke, B.1    Schäfer, A.2    Enck, P.3    Lübke, H.J.4
  • 44
    • 84965587933 scopus 로고
    • Transanorectal ultrasonography in anal carcinoma. A prospective study of 21 patients
    • GOLDMAN S., GLIMELIUS B., NORMING U., PÅHLMAN L. & SELIGSON U.: Transanorectal ultrasonography in anal carcinoma. A prospective study of 21 patients. Acta Radiol. 29 (1988), 337.
    • (1988) Acta Radiol. , vol.29 , pp. 337
    • Goldman, S.1    Glimelius, B.2    Norming, U.3    Påhlman, L.4    Seligson, U.5
  • 45
  • 46
    • 0003420288 scopus 로고
    • Baillière Tindall, London
    • th edn. Baillière Tindall, London 1984.
    • (1984) th Edn.
    • Golligher, J.1
  • 47
    • 0003994083 scopus 로고
    • Edited by P. L. Williams et al. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
    • th edn. Edited by P. L. Williams et al. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1989.
    • (1989) th Edn.
  • 48
    • 0023779028 scopus 로고
    • Longterm ailments due to anal sphincter rupture caused by delivery - A hidden problem
    • HAADEM K., OHRLANDER S. & LINGMAN G.: Longterm ailments due to anal sphincter rupture caused by delivery - a hidden problem. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 27 (1988), 27.
    • (1988) Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. , vol.27 , pp. 27
    • Haadem, K.1    Ohrlander, S.2    Lingman, G.3
  • 49
    • 0002677976 scopus 로고
    • Significant improvement in clinical staging of rectal carcinoma with a new intrarectal ultrasound scanner
    • HILDEBRANDT U., FEIFEL G., ZIMMERMANN F. A. & GOEBBELS R.: Significant improvement in clinical staging of rectal carcinoma with a new intrarectal ultrasound scanner. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 2 (1983), 53.
    • (1983) J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.2 , pp. 53
    • Hildebrandt, U.1    Feifel, G.2    Zimmermann, F.A.3    Goebbels, R.4
  • 50
    • 0007487670 scopus 로고
    • The anal sphincter and the pathogenesis of anal fissure and fistula
    • HILLER R. I.: The anal sphincter and the pathogenesis of anal fissure and fistula. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. L11 (1931), 921.
    • (1931) Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. , vol.L11 , pp. 921
    • Hiller, R.I.1
  • 51
    • 0028823091 scopus 로고
    • Anal sphincter complex. Endoanal MR imaging of normal anatomy
    • HUSSAIN S. M., STOKER J. & LAMERIS J. S.: Anal sphincter complex. Endoanal MR imaging of normal anatomy. Radiology 197 (1995), 671.
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.197 , pp. 671
    • Hussain, S.M.1    Stoker, J.2    Lameris, J.S.3
  • 52
    • 0026029944 scopus 로고
    • Hereditary internal anal sphincter myopathy causing proctalgia fugax and constipation. A newly identified condition
    • KAMM M. A., HOYLE C. H., BURLEIGH D. E. et al.: Hereditary internal anal sphincter myopathy causing proctalgia fugax and constipation. A newly identified condition. Gastroenterology 100 (1991), 805.
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.100 , pp. 805
    • Kamm, M.A.1    Hoyle, C.H.2    Burleigh, D.E.3
  • 53
    • 0027415784 scopus 로고
    • Functional disorders of the anus and rectum. Findings on defecography
    • KARASICK S., KARASICK D. & KARASICK S. R.: Functional disorders of the anus and rectum. Findings on defecography. AJR 160 (1993), 777.
    • (1993) AJR , vol.160 , pp. 777
    • Karasick, S.1    Karasick, D.2    Karasick, S.R.3
  • 55
    • 0020551427 scopus 로고
    • Management of faecal incontinence and results of surgical treatment
    • KEIGHLEY M. R. & FIELDING J. W.: Management of faecal incontinence and results of surgical treatment. Br. J. Surg. 70 (1983), 463.
    • (1983) Br. J. Surg. , vol.70 , pp. 463
    • Keighley, M.R.1    Fielding, J.W.2
  • 56
    • 0021192072 scopus 로고
    • Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence
    • KIFF E. S. & SWASH M.: Slowed conduction in the pudendal nerves in idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence. Br. J. Surg. 71 (1984), 614.
    • (1984) Br. J. Surg. , vol.71 , pp. 614
    • Kiff, E.S.1    Swash, M.2
  • 58
    • 0028418937 scopus 로고
    • Der endoanale Ultraschall. Indikationen und Ergebnisse
    • KUNTZ C., GLASER F., BUHR H. J. & HERFARTH C.: Der endoanale Ultraschall. Indikationen und Ergebnisse. Chirurg 65 (1994), 352.
    • (1994) Chirurg , vol.65 , pp. 352
    • Kuntz, C.1    Glaser, F.2    Buhr, H.J.3    Herfarth, C.4
  • 59
    • 0023681369 scopus 로고
    • Delayed external sphincter repair for obstetric tear
    • LAURBERG S., SWASH M. & HENRY M. M.: Delayed external sphincter repair for obstetric tear. Br. J. Surg. 75 (1988), 786.
    • (1988) Br. J. Surg. , vol.75 , pp. 786
    • Laurberg, S.1    Swash, M.2    Henry, M.M.3
  • 60
    • 0024346051 scopus 로고
    • Anal endosonography. Technique and normal anatomy
    • LAW P. J. & BARTRAM C. I.: Anal endosonography. Technique and normal anatomy. Gastrointest. Radiol. 14 (1989), 349.
    • (1989) Gastrointest. Radiol. , vol.14 , pp. 349
    • Law, P.J.1    Bartram, C.I.2
  • 61
    • 0025316102 scopus 로고
    • A comparison between electromyography and anal endosonography in mapping external anal sphincter defects
    • LAW P. J., KAMM M. A. & BARTRAM C. I.: A comparison between electromyography and anal endosonography in mapping external anal sphincter defects. Dis. Colon Rectum 33 (1990), 370.
    • (1990) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.33 , pp. 370
    • Law, P.J.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Bartram, C.I.3
  • 62
    • 0026062150 scopus 로고
    • Anal endosonography in the investigation of faecal incontinence
    • LAW P. J., KAMM M. A. & BARTRAM C. I.: Anal endosonography in the investigation of faecal incontinence. Br. J. Surg. 78 (1991), 312.
    • (1991) Br. J. Surg. , vol.78 , pp. 312
    • Law, P.J.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Bartram, C.I.3
  • 63
    • 0024380204 scopus 로고
    • Anal endosonography in the evaluation of perianal sepsis and fistula in ano
    • LAW P. J., TALBOT R. W., BARTRAM C. I. & NORTHOVER J. M.: Anal endosonography in the evaluation of perianal sepsis and fistula in ano. Br. J. Surg. 76 (1989), 752.
    • (1989) Br. J. Surg. , vol.76 , pp. 752
    • Law, P.J.1    Talbot, R.W.2    Bartram, C.I.3    Northover, J.M.4
  • 66
    • 0023716330 scopus 로고
    • Increase in pudendal nerve terminal motor latency with defaecation straining
    • LUBOWSKI D. Z., SWASH M., NICHOLLS R. J. & HENRY M. M.: Increase in pudendal nerve terminal motor latency with defaecation straining. Br. J. Surg. 75 (1988), 1095.
    • (1988) Br. J. Surg. , vol.75 , pp. 1095
    • Lubowski, D.Z.1    Swash, M.2    Nicholls, R.J.3    Henry, M.M.4
  • 67
    • 0026707925 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and function of the anal longitudinal muscle
    • LUNNISS P. J. & PHILLIPS R. K.: Anatomy and function of the anal longitudinal muscle. Br. J. Surg. 79 (1992), 882.
    • (1992) Br. J. Surg. , vol.79 , pp. 882
    • Lunniss, P.J.1    Phillips, R.K.2
  • 69
    • 0015517101 scopus 로고
    • Results of the Lord nonoperative treatment for haemorrhoids
    • MACINTYRE I. M. & BALFOUR T. W.: Results of the Lord nonoperative treatment for haemorrhoids. Lancet 1 (1972), 1094.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1094
    • Macintyre, I.M.1    Balfour, T.W.2
  • 71
    • 0029091733 scopus 로고
    • Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence
    • NELSON R., NORTON N., CAUTLEY E. & FURNER S.: Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence. JAMA 274 (1995), 559.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 559
    • Nelson, R.1    Norton, N.2    Cautley, E.3    Furner, S.4
  • 73
    • 0027250982 scopus 로고
    • Defecographic findings in patients with anal incontinence and constipation and their relation to rectal emptying
    • NIELSEN M. B., BURON B., CHRISTIANSEN J. & HEGEDÜS V.: Defecographic findings in patients with anal incontinence and constipation and their relation to rectal emptying. Dis. Colon Rectum 36 (1993), 806.
    • (1993) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.36 , pp. 806
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Buron, B.2    Christiansen, J.3    Hegedüs, V.4
  • 74
    • 0028270460 scopus 로고
    • Endosonographic assessment of the anal sphincter after surgical reconstruction
    • Paper VII
    • NIELSEN M. B., DAMMEGAARD L. & PEDERSEN J. F.: Endosonographic assessment of the anal sphincter after surgical reconstruction. Dis. Colon Rectum 37 (1994), 434. (Paper VII.)
    • (1994) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.37 , pp. 434
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Dammegaard, L.2    Pedersen, J.F.3
  • 75
    • 0027467402 scopus 로고
    • Endosonographic evaluation of patients with anal incontinence. Findings and influence on surgical management
    • Paper IV
    • NIELSEN M. B., HAUGE C., PEDERSEN J. F. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: Endosonographic evaluation of patients with anal incontinence. Findings and influence on surgical management. AJR 160 (1993), 771. (Paper IV)
    • (1993) AJR , vol.160 , pp. 771
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Hauge, C.2    Pedersen, J.F.3    Christiansen, J.4
  • 76
    • 0026815202 scopus 로고
    • Anal endosonographic findings in the follow-up of primarily sutured sphincteric ruptures
    • Paper V
    • NIELSEN M. B., HAUGE C., RASMUSSEN O. Ø., PEDERSEN J. F. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: Anal endosonographic findings in the follow-up of primarily sutured sphincteric ruptures. Br. J. Surg. 79 (1992), 104. (Paper V.)
    • (1992) Br. J. Surg. , vol.79 , pp. 104
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Hauge, C.2    Rasmussen, O.Ø.3    Pedersen, J.F.4    Christiansen, J.5
  • 77
    • 0026761134 scopus 로고
    • Anal sphincter size measured by endosonography in healthy volunteers. Effect of age, sex, and parity
    • Paper II
    • NIELSEN M. B., HAUGE C., RASMUSSEN O. Ø., SØRENSEN M., PEDERSEN J. F. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: Anal sphincter size measured by endosonography in healthy volunteers. Effect of age, sex, and parity. Acta Radiol. 33 (1992), 453. (Paper II.)
    • (1992) Acta Radiol. , vol.33 , pp. 453
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Hauge, C.2    Rasmussen, O.Ø.3    Sørensen, M.4    Pedersen, J.F.5    Christiansen, J.6
  • 78
    • 0030138751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the anal sphincter with age. An endosonographic study
    • Paper III
    • NIELSEN M. B. & PEDERSEN J. F.: Changes in the anal sphincter with age. An endosonographic study. Acta Radiol. 37 (1996), 357. (Paper III.)
    • (1996) Acta Radiol. , vol.37 , pp. 357
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Pedersen, J.F.2
  • 79
    • 0026684993 scopus 로고
    • Recurrent extraluminal rectal carcinoma. Transrectal biopsy under sonographic guidance
    • NIELSEN M. B., PEDERSEN J. F., HALD J. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: Recurrent extraluminal rectal carcinoma. Transrectal biopsy under sonographic guidance. AJR 158 (1992), 1025.
    • (1992) AJR , vol.158 , pp. 1025
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Pedersen, J.F.2    Hald, J.3    Christiansen, J.4
  • 80
    • 0026356334 scopus 로고
    • Endosonography of the anal sphincter. Findings in healthy volunteers
    • Paper I
    • NIELSEN M. B., PEDERSEN J. F., HAUGE C., RASMUSSEN O. Ø. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: Endosonography of the anal sphincter. Findings in healthy volunteers. AJR 157 (1991), 1199. (Paper I.)
    • (1991) AJR , vol.157 , pp. 1199
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Pedersen, J.F.2    Hauge, C.3    Rasmussen, O.Ø.4    Christiansen, J.5
  • 81
    • 0027179167 scopus 로고
    • Risk of sphincter damage and anal incontinence after anal dilatation for fissure-in-ano. An endosonographic study
    • Paper VI
    • NIELSEN M. B., RASMUSSEN O. Ø., PEDERSEN J. F. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: Risk of sphincter damage and anal incontinence after anal dilatation for fissure-in-ano. An endosonographic study. Dis. Colon Rectum 36 (1993), 677. (Paper VI.)
    • (1993) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.36 , pp. 677
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Rasmussen, O.Ø.2    Pedersen, J.F.3    Christiansen, J.4
  • 82
    • 0027410815 scopus 로고
    • Anal endosonographic findings in patients with obstructed defecation
    • Paper VIII
    • NIELSEN M. B., RASMUSSEN O. Ø., PEDERSEN J. F. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: Anal endosonographic findings in patients with obstructed defecation. Acta Radiol. 34 (1993), 35. (Paper VIII.)
    • (1993) Acta Radiol. , vol.34 , pp. 35
    • Nielsen, M.B.1    Rasmussen, O.Ø.2    Pedersen, J.F.3    Christiansen, J.4
  • 83
    • 0015403577 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the external anal ' sphincter
    • OH C. & KARK A. E.: Anatomy of the external anal ' sphincter. Br. J. Surg. 59 (1972), 717.
    • (1972) Br. J. Surg. , vol.59 , pp. 717
    • Oh, C.1    Kark, A.E.2
  • 86
    • 0027930563 scopus 로고
    • Significance of the thickness of the anal sphincters with age and its relevance in faecal incontinence
    • PAPACHRYSOSTOMOU M., PYE S. D., WILD S. R. & SMITH A. N.: Significance of the thickness of the anal sphincters with age and its relevance in faecal incontinence. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 29 (1994), 710.
    • (1994) Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.29 , pp. 710
    • Papachrysostomou, M.1    Pye, S.D.2    Wild, S.R.3    Smith, A.N.4
  • 87
    • 0024534093 scopus 로고
    • A study of the physiological variation in anal manometry
    • PEDERSEN I. K. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: A study of the physiological variation in anal manometry. Br. J. Surg. 76 (1989), 69.
    • (1989) Br. J. Surg. , vol.76 , pp. 69
    • Pedersen, I.K.1    Christiansen, J.2
  • 89
    • 0030023066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External anal sphincter defects. Correlation between pre-operative anal endosonography and intraoperative findings
    • ROMANO G., ROTONDANO G., ESPOSITO P., PELLECCHIA L. & NOVI A.: External anal sphincter defects. Correlation between pre-operative anal endosonography and intraoperative findings. Br. J. Radiol. 69 (1996), 6.
    • (1996) Br. J. Radiol. , vol.69 , pp. 6
    • Romano, G.1    Rotondano, G.2    Esposito, P.3    Pellecchia, L.4    Novi, A.5
  • 90
    • 0028122689 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the anal sphincters. Comparison of anal endosonography to magnetic resonance imaging
    • SCHÄFER A., ENCK P., FÜRST G., KAHN T., FRIELING T. & LÜBKE H. J.: Anatomy of the anal sphincters. Comparison of anal endosonography to magnetic resonance imaging. Dis. Colon Rectum 37 (1994), 777.
    • (1994) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.37 , pp. 777
    • Schäfer, A.1    Enck, P.2    Fürst, G.3    Kahn, T.4    Frieling, T.5    Lübke, H.J.6
  • 91
    • 0028285622 scopus 로고
    • Endosonography of the anal sphincters. Incontinent and continent patients and healthy controls
    • SCHÄFER A., ENCK P., HEYER T., GANTKE B., FRIELING T. & LÜBKE H. J.: Endosonography of the anal sphincters. Incontinent and continent patients and healthy controls. Z. Gastroenterol. 32 (1994), 328.
    • (1994) Z. Gastroenterol. , vol.32 , pp. 328
    • Schäfer, A.1    Enck, P.2    Heyer, T.3    Gantke, B.4    Frieling, T.5    Lübke, H.J.6
  • 92
    • 0021136567 scopus 로고
    • Faecal incontinence after anal dilatation
    • SNOOKS S., HENRY M. M. & SWASH M.: Faecal incontinence after anal dilatation. Br. J. Surg. 71 (1984), 617.
    • (1984) Br. J. Surg. , vol.71 , pp. 617
    • Snooks, S.1    Henry, M.M.2    Swash, M.3
  • 93
    • 0021235003 scopus 로고
    • Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth
    • SNOOKS S. J., SETCHELL M., SWASH M. & HENRY M. M.: Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth. Lancet 2 (1984), 546.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 546
    • Snooks, S.J.1    Setchell, M.2    Swash, M.3    Henry, M.M.4
  • 94
    • 0029007490 scopus 로고
    • Anal wall thickness under normal and inflammatory conditions of the anorectum as determined by endoluminal ultrasonography
    • SOLOMON M. J., MCLEOD R. S., COHEN E. K. & COHEN Z.: Anal wall thickness under normal and inflammatory conditions of the anorectum as determined by endoluminal ultrasonography. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 90 (1995), 574.
    • (1995) Am. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.90 , pp. 574
    • Solomon, M.J.1    Mcleod, R.S.2    Cohen, E.K.3    Cohen, Z.4
  • 95
    • 0028230929 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity studies of endoluminal ultrasonography for anorectal disorders
    • SOLOMON M. J., MCLEOD R. S., COHEN E. K., SIMONS M. E. & WILSON S.: Reliability and validity studies of endoluminal ultrasonography for anorectal disorders. Dis. Colon Rectum 37 (1994), 546.
    • (1994) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.37 , pp. 546
    • Solomon, M.J.1    Mcleod, R.S.2    Cohen, E.K.3    Simons, M.E.4    Wilson, S.5
  • 96
    • 0028256485 scopus 로고
    • Electromyography of the internal anal sphincter performed under endosonographic guidance. Description of a new method
    • SØRENSEN M., NIELSEN M. B., PEDERSEN J. F. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: Electromyography of the internal anal sphincter performed under endosonographic guidance. Description of a new method. Dis. Colon Rectum 37 (1994), 138.
    • (1994) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.37 , pp. 138
    • Sørensen, M.1    Nielsen, M.B.2    Pedersen, J.F.3    Christiansen, J.4
  • 97
    • 0025743514 scopus 로고
    • Relation between electromyography and anal manometry of the external anal sphincter
    • SØRENSEN M., TETZSCHNER T., RASMUSSEN O. Ø. & CHRISTIANSEN J.: Relation between electromyography and anal manometry of the external anal sphincter. Gut 32 (1991), 1031.
    • (1991) Gut , vol.32 , pp. 1031
    • Sørensen, M.1    Tetzschner, T.2    Rasmussen, O.Ø.3    Christiansen, J.4
  • 98
    • 0026314922 scopus 로고
    • Sphincter injury after anal dilatation demonstrated by anal endosonography
    • SPEAKMAN C. T., BURNETT S. J., KAMM M. A. & BARTRAM C. I.: Sphincter injury after anal dilatation demonstrated by anal endosonography. Br. J. Surg. 78 (1991), 1429.
    • (1991) Br. J. Surg. , vol.78 , pp. 1429
    • Speakman, C.T.1    Burnett, S.J.2    Kamm, M.A.3    Bartram, C.I.4
  • 100
    • 0028234060 scopus 로고
    • Pudendal nerve damage during labour. Prospective study before and after childbirth
    • SULTAN A. H., KAMM M. A. & HUDSON C. N.: Pudendal nerve damage during labour. Prospective study before and after childbirth. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 101 (1994), 22.
    • (1994) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. , vol.101 , pp. 22
    • Sultan, A.H.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Hudson, C.N.3
  • 101
    • 0028265026 scopus 로고
    • Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears. Risk factors and outcome of primary repair
    • SULTAN A. H., KAMM M. A., HUDSON C. N. & BARTRAM C. I.: Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears. Risk factors and outcome of primary repair. BMJ 308 (1994), 887.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 887
    • Sultan, A.H.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Hudson, C.N.3    Bartram, C.I.4
  • 102
    • 0028286233 scopus 로고
    • Endosonography of the anal sphincters: Normal anatomy and comparison with manometry
    • SULTAN A. H., KAMM M. A., HUDSON C. N., NICHOLLS J. R. & BARTRAM C. I.: Endosonography of the anal sphincters: normal anatomy and comparison with manometry. Clin. Radiol. 49 (1994), 368.
    • (1994) Clin. Radiol. , vol.49 , pp. 368
    • Sultan, A.H.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Hudson, C.N.3    Nicholls, J.R.4    Bartram, C.I.5
  • 105
    • 0028350865 scopus 로고
    • Anal endosonography for identifying external sphincter defects confirmed histologically
    • SULTAN A. H., KAMM M. A., TALBOT I. C., NICHOLLS R. J. & BARTRAM C. I.: Anal endosonography for identifying external sphincter defects confirmed histologically. Br. J. Surg. 81 (1994), 463.
    • (1994) Br. J. Surg. , vol.81 , pp. 463
    • Sultan, A.H.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Talbot, I.C.3    Nicholls, R.J.4    Bartram, C.I.5
  • 106
  • 109
    • 0024999194 scopus 로고
    • Endosonography of perianal and pericolorectal fistula and/or abscess in Crohn's disease
    • TIO T. L., MULDER C. J., WIJERS O. B., SARS P. R. & TYTGAT G. N.: Endosonography of perianal and pericolorectal fistula and/or abscess in Crohn's disease. Gastrointest. Endosc. 36 (1990), 331.
    • (1990) Gastrointest. Endosc. , vol.36 , pp. 331
    • Tio, T.L.1    Mulder, C.J.2    Wijers, O.B.3    Sars, P.R.4    Tytgat, G.N.5
  • 110
    • 0026741121 scopus 로고
    • Endoluminal ultrasound defines anatomy of the anal canal and pelvic floor
    • TJANDRA J. J., MILSOM J. W., STOLFI V. M. et al.: Endoluminal ultrasound defines anatomy of the anal canal and pelvic floor. Dis. Colon Rectum 35 (1992), 465.
    • (1992) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.35 , pp. 465
    • Tjandra, J.J.1    Milsom, J.W.2    Stolfi, V.M.3
  • 111
    • 0027164985 scopus 로고
    • Endoluminal ultrasound is preferable to electromyography in mapping anal sphincteric defects
    • TJANDRA J. J., MILSOM J W., SCHROEDER T. & FAZIO V. W: Endoluminal ultrasound is preferable to electromyography in mapping anal sphincteric defects. Dis. Colon Rectum 36 (1993), 689.
    • (1993) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.36 , pp. 689
    • Tjandra, J.J.1    Milsom, J.W.2    Schroeder, T.3    Fazio, V.W.4
  • 113
    • 0000261333 scopus 로고
    • Stretching of the anal sphincter in treatment of fissure-in-ano
    • WATTS J. M., BENNETT R. C. & GOLIGHER J. C.: Stretching of the anal sphincter in treatment of fissure-in-ano. BMJ 2 (1964), 342.
    • (1964) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 342
    • Watts, J.M.1    Bennett, R.C.2    Goligher, J.C.3
  • 114
    • 0026065519 scopus 로고
    • The role of sphincteroplasty for fecal incontinence reevaluated. A prospective physiologic and functional review
    • WEXNER S. D., MARCHETTI F. & JAGELMAN D. G.: The role of sphincteroplasty for fecal incontinence reevaluated. A prospective physiologic and functional review. Dis. Colon Rectum 34 (1991), 22.
    • (1991) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.34 , pp. 22
    • Wexner, S.D.1    Marchetti, F.2    Jagelman, D.G.3
  • 115
    • 77049259824 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic use of ultrasound
    • WILD J. J. & REID J. M.: Diagnostic use of ultrasound. Br. J. Phys. Med. 19 (1956), 248.
    • (1956) Br. J. Phys. Med. , vol.19 , pp. 248
    • Wild, J.J.1    Reid, J.M.2
  • 116
    • 0026720555 scopus 로고
    • The role of endoscopie ultrasonography in esophageal motility disorders
    • ZIEGLER K. & ZIMMER T.: The role of endoscopie ultrasonography in esophageal motility disorders. Endoscopy 24 (1992), Suppl. 1, 338.
    • (1992) Endoscopy , vol.24 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 338
    • Ziegler, K.1    Zimmer, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.