Cytokine networks in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma: Implications for therapy

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 56-64

  Lee, Tak H ^a  

^a GUY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

ANIMAL; ASTHMA; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ASTHMA; CYTOKINES; HUMANS;

EID: 0031609566     PISSN: 00358819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Mosmann TR, Coffan RL. Two types of mouse helper T cell clone. Implications for immune regulation. Immunol Today 1987;8:223-7
2. 2-like helper T cells in the conjunctiva of patients with vernal conjunctivitis. J Immunol 1991;146:1169-74.
3. 2 phenotype in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;90:184-92.
4. Kay AB, Sun Ying, Varney VA, Gaga M, et al. Messenger RNA expression of the cytokine gene cluster interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, in allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous reactions in atopic subjects. J Exp Med 1991;173:775-8.
5. Durham SR, Sun Ying, Varney VA, Jacobson MR, et al. Cytokine messenger RNA expression for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5 and granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the nasal mucosa after local allergen provocation: relationship to tissue eosinophilia. J Immunol 1992;148:2390-4.
6. +) in classical delayed-type (tuberculin) hypersensitivity reactions in human skin. J Immunol 1992;148:2058-61.
7. Yamamura M, Uyemura K, Deans RJ, Weinberg K, et al. Defining protective responses to pathogens: cytokine profiles in leprosy patients. Science 1991;254:277-9.
8. Kamogawa Y, Minasi LE, Carding SR, Bottomley K, Flavel RA. The relationship of IL-4 and IFNγ-producing T cells studied by lineage ablation of IL-4-producing cells. Cell 1993;75:985-95.
9. 2 clones. J Exp Med 1994;179:1273-83.
10. Kapp A, Zeck-Kapp G, Donner M, Luger TA. Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: an effective direct activator of human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1988;91:49-55.
11. Morrissey PJ, Bressler L, Park LS, Alpert A, Gillis S. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments the primary antibody response by enhancing the function of antigen-presenting cells. J Immunol 1987;139:1113-9.
12. Sullivan R, Griffin JD, Simons ER, Schafer AI, et al. Effects of recombinant human granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor on signal transduction pathways in human granulocytes. J Immunol 1987;139:3422-30.
13. Haak-Frendscho M, Arai K-I, Arai N, Baeza ML, et al. Human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 3 cause basophil histamine release. J Clin Invest 1988;82:17-9.
14. Lopez AF, Williamson DJ, Gamble JR, Begley CG, et al. Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates in vitro mature human neutrophil and eosinophil function, surface receptor expression and survival. J Clin Invest 1986;78: 1220-8.
15. Owen WF Jr, Rothenberg ME, Silberstein DR, Gasson JC, et al. Regulation of human eosinophil viability, density and function by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the presence of 3T3 fibroblasts. J Exp Med 1987;166:129-41.
16. Burke LA, Hallsworth MP, Litchfield TM, Davidson R, Lee TH. Identification of the major activity derived from cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which enhances eosinophil viability, as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;88:226-35.
17. Campbell HD, Tucker WQF, Hort Y, Martinson ME, et al. Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the gene encoding human eosinophil differentiation factor (interleukin 5). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:6629-33.
18. Pene J, Rousset F, Briere F, Chretien I, et al. Interleukin 5 enhances interleukin 4-induced IgE production by normal human B cells. The role of soluble CD23 antigen. Eur J Immunol 1988;18:929-35.
19. Saito H, Hatake K, Dvorak AM, Leiferman KM, et al. Selective differentiation and proliferation of haematopoietic cells induced by recombinant human interleukins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85: 2288-92.
20. Walsh GM, Hartnell A, Wardlaw AJ, Kurihara K, et al. IL-5 enhances the in vitro adhesion of human eosinophils, but not neutrophils, in a leucocyte integrin (CD11/18)-dependent manner. Immunology 1990;71:258-65.
21. Lopez AF, Sanderson CJ, Gamble JR, Campbell HD, et al. Recombinant human interleukin 5 is a selective activator of human eosinophil function. J Exp Med 1988;167:219-24.
22. Sehmi R, Wardlaw AJ, Cromwell O, Kurihara K, et al. Interleukin-5 selectively enhances the chemotactic response of eosinophils obtained from normal but not eosinophilic subjects. Blood 1992;79: 2952-9.
23. Warringa RAJ, Koenderman L, Kok PTM, Kreukniet J, Bruijnzeel PL. Modulation and induction of eosinophil chemotaxis by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3. Blood 1991;77:2694-700.
24. Coffman RL, Seymour BWP, Hudak S, Jackson J, Rennick D. Antibody to interleukin-5 inhibits helminth-induced eosinophilia in mice. Science 1989;245:308-10.
25. Gulbenkian AR, Egan RW, Fernandez X, Jones H, et al. Interleukin-5 modulates eosinophil accumulation in allergic guinea-pig lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:263-5.
26. Robinson DS, Durham SR, Kay AB. Cytokines in asthma. Thorax 1993;48:845-53.
27. Geha RS. Regulation of IgE synthesis in humans. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;90:143-50.
28. Del Prete G, Maggi E, Parronchi P, Chretien I, et al. IL-4 is an essential factor for the IgE synthesis induced in vitro by human T cell clones and their supernatants. J Immunol 1988;140:4193-8.
29. Vercelli D, Jabara HH, Arai K, Yokota T, Geha RS. Endogenous IL-6 plays an obligatory role in the IL-4-induced human IgE synthesis. Eur J Immunol 1989;19:1419-24.
30. Kimata H, Yoshida A, Ishioka C, Lindley I, Mikawa H. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) selectively inhibits immunoglobulin E production induced by IL-4 in human B cells. J Exp Med 1992;176:1227-31.
31. Kopf M, Le Gros G, Bachmann M, Lamers MC, et al. Disruption of the murine IL-4 gene blocks Th2 cytokine responses. Nature 1993;362:245-8.
32. Zlotnik A, Godfrey DI, Fischer M, Suda T. Cytokine production by mature and immature CD4-CD8 T cells. J Immunol 1992;149: 1211-5.
33. γ receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:8656-60.
34. Brunner T, Heusser CH, Dahinden CA. Human peripheral blood basophils primed by interleukin 3 (IL-3) produce IL-4 in response to IgE receptor stimulation. J Exp Med 1993;177:605-11.
35. Arend WP. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: a new member of the interleukin 1 family. J Clin Invest 1991;88:1445-51.
36. Dinarello CA, Thompson RC. Blocking IL-1: interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. Immunol Today 1991;12:404-10.
37. Bailly S, Fay M, Ferrua B, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA. Comparative production of IL-1β and IL-1α by LPS-stimulated human monocytes: ELISA measurements revisited. Cytokine 1994;6:111-5.
38. Ackerman V, Marini M, Vittori E, Bellini A, et al. Detection of cytokines and their cell sources in bronchial biopsy specimens from asthmatic patients. Relationship to atopic status, symptoms, and level of airway hyperresponsiveness. Chest 1994;105:687-96.
39. Simon PL, Willoughby WF. The role of subcellular factors in pulmonary immune function: physicochemical characterisation of two distinct species of lymphocyte-activating factor produced by rabbit alveolar macrophages. J Immunol 1981;126:1534-41.
40. Tartakovsky B, Kovacs B, Takacs L, Durum SK. T cell clone producing an IL-1 like activity after stimulation by antigen-presenting B cells. J Immunol 1986;137:160-6.
41. Dinarello C, Wolff SM. The role of interleukin-1 in disease. N Eng J Med 1993;328:106-13.
42. Janson RW, Hance KR, Arend WP. Production of IL-1 receptor antagonist by human in vitro-derived macrophages. Effects of lipopolysaccharides and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Immunol 1991;147:4218-23.
43. Galve-De Rochemonteix B, Nicod LP, Junod AF, Dayer JM. Characterization of a specific 20-to 25-KD interleukin-1 inhibitor from cultured human lung macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1990;3:355-61.
44. McColl SR, Paquin R, Menard C, Beaulieu AD. Human neutrophils produce high levels of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in response to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor-α. J Exp Med 1992;176:593-8.
45. Chan LS, Hammerberg C, Kan K, Sabb P, et al. Human dermal fibroblast interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and interleukin IL-1β mRNA and protein are co-stimulated by phorbol ester: implication for homeostatic mechanism. J Invest Dermatol 1992;99: 315-22.
46. Oppenheim JJ, Kovacs EJ, Matsushima K, et al. There is more than one interleukin-1. Immunol Today 1986;7:45-56.
47. Weaver CT, Unanue ER. The costimulatory function of antigen-presenting cells. Immunol Today 1990;11:49-54.
48. Tosi MF, Staark JM, Smith CW, Homedani A, et al. Induction of ICAM-1 expression on human airway epithelial cells by inflammatory cytokines: effects on neutrophil-epithelial cell adhesion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1992;7:214-21.
49. Carter DB, Deibel Jr MR, Dunn CJ, Tomich CS, et al. Purification, cloning, expression and biological characterization of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Nature 1990;344:633-7
50. Tsukagoshi H, Sakamoto T, Xu W, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Effect of interleukin-1β on airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation in sensitized and non-sensitized Brown Norway rats. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994;93:464-9.
51. Watson ML, Smith D, Bourne AD, Thompson RC, Westwick J. Cytokines contribute to airway dysfunction in antigen-challenged guinea pigs: inhibition of airway hyperreactivity, pulmonary eosinophil accumulation, and tumour necrosis factor generation by pre-treatment with an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1993;8:365-9.
52. Leonard EJ, Yoshimura T. Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Immunol Today 1990;11:97-101.
53. Redington AE, Madden J, Frew AJ, Djukanovic R, et al. Basic fibroblast growth factor in asthma: immunolocalization in bronchial biopsies and measurement in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at baseline and following allergen challenge. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:A702.
54. 2-type bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma. N Engl J Med 1992;326:298-304.
55. Robinson DS, Sun Ying, Bentley AM, Qui Meng, et al. Relationships among numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage cells expressing mRNA for cytokines, asthma symptoms, and airway methacholine responsiveness to atopic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;92:397-403.
56. Broide DH, Lotz D, Cuomo AJ, Coburn DA, et al. Cytokines in symptomatic asthma airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;89: 958-67.
57. Pujol JL, Cosso B, Daures JP, Clot J, et al. Interleukin-1 release by alveolar macrophages in asthmatic patients and healthy subjects. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1990;91:207-10.
58. Mattoli S, Mattoso VL, Soloperto M, Allegra L, Fasoli A. Cellular and biochemical characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in symptomatic non-allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;87: 794-802.
59. De Monchy JG, Kauffman HF, Venge P, Koeter GH, et al. Bronchoalveolar eosinophilia during allergen-induced late asthmatic responses. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131:373-6.
60. + T cells and increased IL-4, IL-5 and GM-CSF mRNA-positive cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) 24 hours after allergen inhalation challenge of atopic asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;92:313-26.
61. Sun Ying, Robinson DS, Varney V, Qui Meng, et al. TNF-α mRNA expression in allergic inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 1991;21: 745-50.
62. Hamid Q, Azzawi M, Ying S, Moqbel R, et al. Expression of mRNA for interleukin-5 in mucosal bronchial biopsies from asthma. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1541-6.
63. Sousa AR, Lane SJ, Nakhosteen JA, Yoshimura T, et al. Increased expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in bronchial tissue from asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;10: 142-7.
64. Sousa AR, Lane SJ, Nakhosteen JA, Lee TH, Poston RN. Expression of IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-ra) in asthmatic and normal bronchial mucosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154: 1061-6.
65. Sousa AR, Trigg CJ, Lane SJ, Hawksworth R, et al. Effect of inhaled glucocorticoids on IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) expression in asthmatic bronchial epithelium. Thorax 1997;52: 407-10.
66. Bentley AM, Meng Q, Robinson DS, Hamid Q, et al. Increases in activated T-lymphocytes and cytokine mRNA expression for interleukin-5 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor in bronchial biopsies after allergen challenge in atopic asthmatics. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1993;8:35-42.
67. Montefort S, Gratziou C, Goulding D, Polosa R, et al. Bronchial biopsy evidence for leukocyte infiltration and upregulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecules 6 hours after local allergen challenge of sensitized asthmatic airways. J Clin Invest 1994;93:1411-21.
68. Sousa AR, Poston RN, Lane SJ, Nakhosteen JA, Lee TH. Detection of GM-CSF in asthmatic bronchial epithelium and decrease by inhaled corticosteroids. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:1557-61.
69. Wang JH, Trigg CJ, Devalia JL, Jordan S, Davies RJ. Effect of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on expression of proinflammatory cytokines and activated eosinophils in the bronchial epithelium of patients with mild asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994;94: 1025-34.
70. Wang JH, Devalia JL, Xia C, Sapsford RJ. Expression of RANTES by human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo and the effect of corticosteroids. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1996;14:27-35.
71. Wilkinson JRW, Crea AEG, Clark TJH, Lee TH. Identification and characterization of a monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating factor in corticosteroid-resistant bronchial asthma. J Clin Invest 1989;84: 1930-41.
72. Carmichael J, Paterson IC, Diaz P, Crompton GK, et al. Corticosteroid resistance in chronic asthma. Br Med J 1981;282:1419-22.
73. Kay AB, Diaz P, Carmichael J, Grant IW. Corticosteroid-resistant chronic asthma and monocyte complement receptors. Clin Exp Immunol 1981;44:576-80.
74. Corrigan CJ, Brown PH, Barnes NC, Tsai JJ, et al. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte activation and comparison of the T lymphocyte inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids and cyclosporin-A. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144:1026-32.
75. Diamond MI, Miner JN, Yoshinaga SK, Yamamoto KR. Transcription factor interactions: selectors of positive or negative regulation from a single DNA element. Science 1990;249:1266-72.
76. Yangyen JF, Chambard JC, Sun YL, Smeal T, et al. Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction. Cell 1990;62:1205-14.
77. Burns K, Duggan B, Atkinson EA, Famulski KS, et al. Modulation of gene expression by calreticulin binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. Nature 1994;367:476-80.
78. κB is a target for glucocorticoid-mediated gene IL-8 gene repression. J Biol Chem 1994;269:13289-95.
79. κB and cis-regulatory enhancer binding protein-like factor binding elements in activating the IL-8 gene by proinflammatory cytokines. J Biol Chem 1990;265:21128-33.
80. Mukaida N, Gussella GL, Kasahara T, Ko Y, et al. Molecular analysis of the inhibition of IL-8 production by dexamethasone in a human fibrosarcoma cell line. Immunology 1992;75:674-9.
81. Adcock IM, Lane SJ, Brown CR, Peters MJ, et al. Differences in binding of glucocorticoid receptor to DNA in steroid-resistant asthma. J Immunol 1995;154:3500-5.
82. Lane SJ, Arm JP, Staynov DZ, Lee TH. Chemical mutational analysis of the human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA in glucocorticoid-resistant bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;11:42-8.
83. Kerrpola TK, Luk D, Curran T. Fos is a preferential target of glucocorticoid receptor inhibition of AL-1 activity in vitro. Mol Cell Biol 1993;13:3782-90.
84. Jonat C, Rahmsdorf HJ, Park KK, Cato AC, et al. Antitumor promotion and anti-inflammation: down-modulation of AP-1 (fos/jun) activity by glucocorticoid hormone. Cell 1990;62: 1189-204.
85. Kam JC, Szefler SJ, Surs P, Leung D, et al. Combination of IL-2 and IL-4 reduces glucocorticoid binding receptor cDNA in glucocorticoid-resistant bronchial asthma. J Immunol 1993; 151:3460-6.
86. Adcock IM, Lane SJ, Brown CR, Lee TH, Barnes PJ. Abnormal glucocorticoid receptor/AP-1 interaction in steroid-resistant asthma. J Exp Med 1996;182:1951-8.
87. Staynov DZ, Cousins DJ, Lee TH. A regulatory element in the promoter of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene that has related sequences in other T cell-expressed cytokine genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:3606-10.