Ultrasonographic evaluation of the equine placenta by transrectal and transabdominal approach in the normal pregnant mare

Theriogenology

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 559-573

  Renaudin, C D ^c   Troedsson, M H T ^b   Gillis, C L ^a   King, V L ^b   Bodena, A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Mare; Placenta; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; FEMALE; HIGH RISK PREGNANCY; HORSE; NONHUMAN; PLACENTA; PREGNANCY; TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY;

EID: 0031567839     PISSN: 0093691X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00014-9     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Acland HM. In: McKinnon AO, Voss JL (eds), Equine Reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1993;554-562.
2. Adams-Brendemuehl C, Pipers FS. Antepartum evaluations of the equine fetus. J Reprod Fert Suppl 1987;35:565-573.
3. Agresti A. Categorical data analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1990;458-462.
4. Bree RL. Sonographic identification of the fetal vernix in amniotic fluid. J Clin Ultrasound 1978;6:269-270.
5. Byars TD, Halley J. Use of ultrasound in equine medicine. Vet Clin North Am: Eq Pract. 1986;2:253-258.
6. DeVore GR, Platt LD. Ultrasound appearance of particulate matter in amniotic cavity: vernix or meconium? J Clin Ultrasound 1986;14:229-230.
7. Giles RC, Donahue JM, Hong CB, Tuttle PA, Petrites-Murphy MB, Poonacha KB, Roberts AW, Tramontin RR, Smith B, Swerczek TW. Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal death in horses: 3527 cases (1986-1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993;203:1170-1175.
8. Gill JL. Design and analysis of experiments in the animal and medical sciences. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, 1978;Vol 1:136-159, 178-179; Vol 2:198-203.
9. Gross TL, Wolfson RN, Kuhnert PM, Sokol RJ. Sonographically detected free-floating particles in amniotic fluid predict a mature lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio. J Clin Ultrasound 1985;405-409.
10. Hallak M, Zador JE, Garcia EM, Pryde PG, Cotton DB, Evans EI. Ultrasound-detected free-floating particles in amniotic fluid: Correlation with maternal serum α-fetoprotein. Fetal Diagn Therapy 1993;8:402-406.
11. Hyland J, Jeffcott LB. Abortion. In: Robinson ED (ed), Current Therapy in Equine Medicine. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co, 1987;520-525.
12. Jainudeen MR, Hafez ESE. Gestation, prenatal physiology and parturition. In: Hafez ESE (ed), Reproduction in Farm Animals. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1987;229-259.
13. Khaleghian R. Echogenic amniotic fluid in the second trimester: a new sign of fetal distress. J Clin Ultrasound 1983;11:498-501.
14. McKinnon AO, Squires EL, Pickett BW. Uterine pathology. In: Equine Reproductive Ultrasonography. Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Bulletin No 04, Colorado State University, Fort Collins CO, 1988;31-40.
15. Miller RB. Evaluation of the equine and bovine placenta: Lesions vs nonlesions. In: Proc Ann Meeting Soc Theriogenol 1993;39-58.
16. Prickett ME. Abortion and placental lesions in the mare. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1970;157:1465-1470.
17. Roberts SJ. Gestation period-embryology, fetal membranes and placenta toxicology. In: Roberts SJ (ed.), Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases, Theriogenology, Ann Arbor MI: Edwards Brothers Inc 1986;38-92.
18. Schott II HC. Assessment of fetal well being. In: McKinnon AO, Voss JL (eds), Equine Reproduction. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1993;964-975.
19. Sertich PL. Clinical anatomy and evaluation of equine fetal membranes. In: Proc Ann Meeting Soc Theriogenol 1993;178-184.
20. Vaala WE, Sertich PL. Management strategies for mares at risk for periparturient complications. Vet Clin North Am: Eq Pract. 1994;10:237-265.
21. Verpoest MJ, Seelen JC, Westerman CF. Changes in the appearance of the amniotic fluid during pregnancy: The macroscore. J Perinat Med 1976;4:12-25.
22. Whitwell KE, Jeffcott LB. Morphological studies on the fetal membranes of the normal singleton foal at term. Res Vet Sc 1975;19:44-45.