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3 Hoppe and co-workers have described the first utilizations of N-[Bis(methylthio)methylene]glycine ester enolate as glycine nucleophile. The representative articles are as follows: (a) Hoppe, D. 1975. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14, 424. (b) Hoppe, D.; Beckmann, L. 1979. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 2066.
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3 Hoppe and co-workers have described the first utilizations of N-[Bis(methylthio)methylene]glycine ester enolate as glycine nucleophile. The representative articles are as follows: (a) Hoppe, D. 1975. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14, 424. (b) Hoppe, D.; Beckmann, L. 1979. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 2066.
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Beckmann, L.2
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4 Alvarez Ibarra, C.; Mendoza, M.; Orellana, G.; Quiroga, M. L. Synthesis 1989, 560.
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5 (a) Alvarez Ibarra, C.; Davila, E.; Mateo, A.; Ortiz, P.; Quiroga, M. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 6667.
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6 Alvarez Ibarra, C.; Dios Corredor, C., Mohino, F.; Orellana, G., Quiroga, M. L. An. Quim. 1990, 86, 812.
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7 (a) Alvarez Ibarra, C.; Csákÿ, A. G.; Domínguez, C.; Martínez, E.; Quiroga, M. L.; Gutiérrez, E. Tetrahedron Lett 1993, 34, 5463.
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Gutiérrez, E.6
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(c) Alvarez Ibarra, C.; Csákÿ, A. G.; Martínez, M.; Quiroga, M. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 6573
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9 A 7-analogue with an E configuration has been obtained by trifluoracetylation of hippuric acid: Cufos, T.; Diaz, P.; Stalk, L. Synlett 1995, 101. This α,β-didehydro-α-amino acid acts as a 2π-partner in a Diels-Alder cycloaddition with cyclopentadiene, which constitutes a relevant application because of the role of the α-quaternized α-amino acids in peptide-based drug design. Selected recent monographies or articles about asymmetric syntheses of α,α-quaternized α-amino acids are reported in: Goodman, M. R. S.; Wolff, M. E. (Eds). Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.: New York, 5th edition, 1994, Vol. 1, Chapter 25, pp. 803-861.
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Synlett
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Diaz, P.2
Stalk, L.3
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23
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0000545418
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John Wiley&Sons, Inc.: New York, 5th edition, Chapter 25
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9 A 7-analogue with an E configuration has been obtained by trifluoracetylation of hippuric acid: Cufos, T.; Diaz, P.; Stalk, L. Synlett 1995, 101. This α,β-didehydro-α-amino acid acts as a 2π-partner in a Diels-Alder cycloaddition with cyclopentadiene, which constitutes a relevant application because of the role of the α-quaternized α-amino acids in peptide-based drug design. Selected recent monographies or articles about asymmetric syntheses of α,α-quaternized α-amino acids are reported in: Goodman, M. R. S.; Wolff, M. E. (Eds). Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, John Wiley&Sons, Inc.: New York, 5th edition, 1994, Vol. 1, Chapter 25, pp. 803-861.
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Wolff, M.E.2
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7a. This class of amino acids are taking a growing importance. For the synthesis of other analogues, see: (a) Reetz, M. T.: Wünsch, T.; Harms, K. Tetrahedron Asymm. 1990, 1, 371.
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(b) Belokon, J. N.; Chenroglazova, N. I.; Batsanov, A. S.; Carbalinskaya, N. S.; Bakhmutov, V. I.; Struchkov, I. T.; Belikov, V. M. Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim. 1987, 852.
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Belikov, V.M.7
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(c) Mulzer, J.; Schröder, F.; Lobbia, A.; Buchmann, J.; Luger, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1737.
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27
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0000271762
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as implemented in PCMODEL 4.0 software (Serena Software Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, USA)
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11 Carried out using the MMX force field: Gajewski, J. J.; Gilbert, K. E.; McKelvey, J. Adv. Molecular Modeling 1990, 2, 651 as implemented in PCMODEL 4.0 software (Serena Software Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, USA).
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Gajewski, J.J.1
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30
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0011431603
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note
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13 1a is recovered on workup. See Experimental Part.
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32
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0028880837
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and therein cited references
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15 Alvarez Ibarra, C.; Csákÿ, A. G.; Maroto, R.; Quiroga, M. L. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 7934 and therein cited references
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Quiroga, M.L.4
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33
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0011431604
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note
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16 This behaviour has also been reported for the reactions of 3b,c with the anion of ethyl isocyanoacetate. See ref. 7a.
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36
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84985553225
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18 The syn-anti nomenclature has been used as proposed by Masamune. The chain containing the two asymmetryc centers is drawn in zig-zag fashion. In the syn isomers, both prioritary substituents of the stereogenic centers are directed either towards or away from the viewer. See: Masamune, S.; Ali, S. A.; Snitman, D. L.; Garvey, D. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1980, 19, 557.
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Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.
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Masamune, S.1
Ali, S.A.2
Snitman, D.L.3
Garvey, D.S.4
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37
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0020246368
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19 The ul-lk notation has been used as proposed by Seebach and Prelog. It refers to two alternative approximations between the two diastereotopic faces of each one of the two functional groups involved in the reaction. A different topicity as re si is named ul, whereas for the same topicity as re re/re lk is used. See: Seebach, D.; Prelog, V. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1982, 21, 654.
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Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.
, vol.21
, pp. 654
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Seebach, D.1
Prelog, V.2
|