A comparison of the absorption of a series of ethnoxylates through rat skin in vitro

Toxicology in Vitro

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 57-65

  Roper, C S ^b   Howes, D ^a   Blain, P G ^b   Williams, F M ^b  

^a UNILEVER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Flow through diffusion cell; Skin, ethoxylate; Static diffusion cell

Indexed keywords

2 PHENOXYETHANOL; LAURYL ALCOHOL;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; DRUG ABSORPTION; EVAPORATION; FLOW RATE; LIPID SOLUBILITY; NONHUMAN; RAT; SKIN ABSORPTION; SKIN PENETRATION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0031561489     PISSN: 08872333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0887-2333(97)00104-5     Document Type: Note

References (39)

1. Barratt M. D. (1995) Quantitative structure-activity relationships for skin permeability. Toxicology in Vitro 9, 27-37.
2. Blank I. H., Griesemer R. D. and Gould E. (1957) The penetration of an anticholinesterase agent (Sarin) into skin I. Rate of penetration into excised human skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 29, 299-309.
3. Breslin W. J., Phillips J. E., Lomax L. G., Bartels M. J., Dittenber D. A., Calhoun L. L. and Miller R. R. (1991) Hemolytic activity of ethylene glycol mono phenyl ether (EGPE) in rabbits. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 17, 466-481.
4. Bronaugh R. L., Collier S. W., Storm J. E., Nathan D. L. and Stewart R. F. (1990) In vitro absorption/metabolism studies in human and animal skin. In Prediction of vitro percutaneous absorption studies IV: the flow Percutaneous Penetration. Vol. 1. Edited by R. C. Scott, R. H. Guy and J. Hadgraft. pp. 58-73. IBC Technical Services, London.
5. Bronaugh R. L. and Stewart R. F. (1984) Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies III: hydrophobic compounds. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 73, 1255-1258.
6. Bronaugh R. L. and Stewart R. F. (1985) Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies iv: the flow through diffusion cell. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 74, 64-67.
7. Clark N. W. E., Scott R. C., Blain P. G. and Williams F. M. (1991) Maintenance of skin viability in skin absorption systems. In Prediction of Percutaneous Penetration. Vol. 2. Edited by R. C. Scott, R. H. Guy, J. Hadgraft and H. E. Boddé. pp. 541-54. IBC Technical Services Ltd, London.
8. Clark N. W. E., Scott R. C., Blain P. G. and Williams F. M. (1993) Fate of fluazifop butyl in rat and human skin in vitro. Archives of Toxicology 67, 44-48.
9. Clowes H. M., Scott R. C. and Heylings J. R. (1994) Skin absorption: flow-through or static diffusion cells. Toxicology in Vitro 8, 827-830.
10. Dick I. P., Blain P. G. and Williams F. M. (1993) The absorption and skin distribution of lindane following dermal exposure in man compared with in vitro model systems. In Prediction of Percutaneous Penetration. Vol. 3b. Edited by K. R. Brain, V. J. James and K. A. Walters. pp. 609-614. STS Publishing, Cardiff.
11. Dick I. P., Blain P. G. and Williams F. M. (1997) The percutaneous absorption and skin distribution of lindane in man. II. In Vitro studies. Human and Experimental Toxicology. In press.
12. Dick I. P. and Scott R. C. (1992) The influence of different strains and age on in vitro rat skin permeability to water and mannitol. Pharmaceutical Research 9, 884-887.
13. Dugard P. H., Walker M., Mawdsley S. J. and Scott R. C. (1984) Absorption of some glycol ethers through human skin in vitro. Environmental Health Perspectives 57, 193-197.
14. Flynn G. L. (1990) Physiochemical determinants of skin absorption. In Principals of Route-to Route Extrapolation for Risk Assessment. Edited by T. R. Gerrity and C. J. Henry. pp. 93-127. Elsevier, New York.
15. Franz T. J. (1975) Percutaneous absorption. On the relevance of in vitro data. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 64, 190-195.
16. Grissom R. E., Brownie C. and Guthrie F. E. (1987) In vivo and in vitro dermal penetration of lipophilic and hydrophilic pesticides in mice. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology 38, 917-924.
17. Holland J. M., Kao J. Y. and Whitaker M. J. (1984) A multisample apparatus for kinetic evaluation of skin penetration in vitro. The influence of viability and metabolic status of the skin. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 72, 272-280.
18. Howes D. (1991) Absorption and metabolism of 2-phenoxyethanol in rat and man. 15th International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists International Congress Vol. 3. pp. 415-434.
19. Howes D., Guy R., Hadgraft J., Heylings J., Hoeck U., Kemper F., Maibach H., Marty J.-P., Merk H., Parra J., Rekkas D., Rondelli I., Schaefer H., Tauber U. and Verbiese N. (1996) Methods for assessing percutaneous absorption. ATLA 24, 81-106.
20. Hughes M. F., Shrivastava S. P., Fisher H. L. and Hall L. L. (1993) Comparative in vitro percutaneous absorption of p-substituted phenols through rat skin using static and flow-through diffusion systems. Toxicology in Vitro 7, 221-227.
21. Kao J. and Hall J. (1987) Skin absorption and cutaneous first pass metabolism of topical steroids: in vitro studies with mouse skin in organ culture. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 241, 482-487.
22. Kemppainen B. W., Reifenrath W. G., Stafford R. G. and Mehta M. (1991) Methods for in vitro skin absorption studies of a lipophilic toxin produced by red tide. Toxicology 66, 1-17.
23. Leo A., Hansch C. and Elkins D. (1971) Partition coefficients and their uses. Chemical Reviews 616.
24. Macpherson S. E., Scott R. C. and Williams F. M. (1991a) Percutaneous absorption and metabolism of aldrin by rat skin in diffusion cells. Archives of Toxicology 65, 599-602.
25. Macpherson S. E., Scott R. C. and Williams F. M. (1991b) Fate of carbaryl in rat skin. Archives of Toxicology 65, 594-598.
26. OECD (1981) OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals: partition coefficients (n-octanol/water). (Flask shaking method).
27. Potts R. O. and Guy R. H. (1992) Prediction skin permeability. Pharmaceutical Research 10, 663-669.
28. Poudrier J. K. (1990) Final report on the safety assessment of phenoxyethanol. Journal of the American College of Toxicology 9, 259-277.
29. Rietveld E. C., Seuter-Berlage F. and van Rossum J. M. (1988) Percutaneous absorption of 14C-labelled 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in rats. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 13, 231-240.
30. Roper C. S. (1994) PhD Thesis. University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
31. Roper C. S., Howes D., Blain P. G. and Williams F. M. (1993) Absorption and metabolism of 2-phenoxyethanol through rat and human skin in vitro. Human and Experimental Toxicology 12, 427.
32. Roper C. S., Howes D., Blain P. G. and Williams F. M. (1997) Percutaneous penetration of 2-phenoxyethanol through rat and human skin. Food and Chemical Toxicology 36. In press.
33. Roper C. S., Howes D., Blain P. G. and Williams F. M. (1995) Prediction of the percutaneous penetration and metabolism of dodecyl decaethoxylate in rats using in vitro models. Archives of Toxicology 69, 649-654.
34. Sabourin P. J., Medinsky M. A., Thurmond F., Birnbaum L. S. and Henderson R. F. (1992) Effect of dose on the disposition of methoxyethanol, ethoxyethanol and butoxyethanol administered dermally to male F344/N rats. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 19, 124-132.
35. Schafer H. and Jamoulle J. C. (1988) Skin pharmacokinetics. International Journal of Dermatology 27, 351-359.
36. Scheuplein R. J. and Blank I. H. (1971) Permeability of the skin. Physiological Reviews 51, 707-742.
37. Scott R. C. and Ramsey J. D. (1987) Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro percutaneous absorption of a lipophilic molecule (Cypermethryn, a pyrethroid insecticide). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 89, 142-146.
38. Wester R. C., Maibach H. I., Melendres J., Sedik L., Knaak J. and Wang R. (1992) In vivo and in vitro percutaneous absorption and skin evaporation of isofenphos in man. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 19, 521-526.
39. Dick et al., 1996, not cited in reference list.