C60-propylamine adduct monolayers at the gas/water interface: A Brewster angle microscopy and x-ray scattering study

Journal of Chemical Physics

Volumn 107, Issue 14, 1997, Pages 5531-5546

  Fukuto, Masafumi ^a   Penanen, Konstantin ^a   Heilmann, Ralf K ^a   Pershan, Peter S ^a   Vaknin, David ^b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE REFLECTION; FULLERENES; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

BREWSTER ANGLE MICROSCOPY; GRAZING INCIDENCE X RAY DIFFRACTION; PROPYLAMINE; X RAY SCATTERING; X RAY SPECULAR REFLECTIVITY;

MONOLAYERS;

EID: 0031559981     PISSN: 00219606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.474229     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. D. R. Nelson, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, New York, 1983), Vol. 7, pp. 1-99.
2. K. J. Strandburg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 161 (1988).
3. Ordering in Two Dimensions, edited by S. K. Sinha (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1980).
4. R. Marx, Phys. Rep. 125, 1 (1985).
5. R. J. Birgeneau and P. M. Horn, Science 232, 329 (1986).
6. K. Knorr, Phys. Rep. 214, 113 (1992).
7. P. S. Pershan, Structure of Liquid Crystal Phases (World Scientific, Singapore, 1988).
8. J. B. Brock, R. J. Birgeneau. J. D. Litster, and A. Aharony. Physics Today July, 52 (1989).
9. B. D. Swanson, H. Stragier. D. J. Tweet, and L. B. Sorensen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 909 (1989).
10. C. Bahr, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 8, 3051 (1994).
11. C. M. Knobler, in Advances in Chemical Physics, edited by S. Rice and I. Prigogine (Wiley, New York, 1990), Vol. 77, p. 397.
12. J. Als-Nielsen, D. Jacquemain, K. Kjaer, F. Leveiller, M. Lahav, and L. Leiserowitz, Phys. Rep. 246, 251 (1994).
13. M. K. Durbin, A. Malik, R. Ghaskadvi, M. C. Shih, P. Zschack, and P. Dutta, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 1753 (1994).
14. I. R. Peterson, R. M. Kenn, A. Goudot, P. Fontaine, F. Rondelez, W. G. Bouwman, and K. Kjaer. Phys. Rev. E 53, 667 (1996).
15. B. Lin, M. C. Shih, T. M. Bohanon, G. E. Ice, and P. Dutta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 191 (1990).
16. M. C. Shih, T. M. Bohanon. J. M. Mikrut, P. Zschack, and P. Dutta, Phys. Rev. A 45, 5734 (1992).
17. R. M. Kenn, C. Böhm, A. M. Bibo, I. R. Peterson, H. Möhwald, K. Kjaer, and J. Als-Nielsen, J. Phys. Chem. 95, 2092 (1991).
18. G. M. Bommarito, W. J. Foster, P. S. Pershan, and M. L. Schlossman, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 5265 (1996).
19. D. K. Schwartz, M. L. Schlossman, and P. S. Pershan, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 2356 (1992).
20. V. M. Kaganer, I. R. Peterson, R. M. Kenn, M. C. Shih, M. Durbin, and P. Dutta, J. Chem. Phys. 102, 9412 (1995).
21. G. A. Overbeck and D. Möbius, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 7999 (1993).
22. S. Rivière, S. Hénon, J. Meunier, D. K. Schartz, M.-W. Tsao, and C. M. Knobler, J. Chem. Phys. 101, 10 045 (1994).
23. S. Rivière-Cantin, S. Hénon, and J. Meunier, Phys. Rev. E 54, 1683 (1996).
24. S. W. Barton, B. N. Thomas, E. B. Flom, S. A. Rice, B. Lin, J. B. Peng, J. B. Ketterson, and P. Dutta, J. Chem. Phys. 89, 2257 (1988).
25. B. Lin, J. B. Peng, J. B. Ketterson, P. Dutta, B. N. Thomas, J. Buontempo, and S. A. Rice, J. Chem. Phys. 90, 2393 (1989).
26. M. C. Shih, T. M. Bohanon, J. M. Mikrut, P. Zschack, and P. Dutta, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 4485 (1992).
27. G. A. Overbeck, D. Honig, and D; Möbius, Langmuir 9, 555 (1993).
28. W. J. Foster, M. C. Shih, and P. S. Pershan, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 3307 (1996).
29. P. G. de Gennes, Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 827 (1985).
30. M. Schick, in Liquids at Interfaces, edited by J. Charvolin, J. F. Joanny, and J. Zinn-Justin (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990), Vol. XLVIII, p. 419.
31. E. M. Blokhuis and B. Widom, Current Opinion in Colloid Interface Sci. 1, 424 (1996).
32. R. A. Cowley, in Equilibrium Structure and Properties of Surfaces and Interfaces, edited by A. Gonis and G. M. Stocks (Plenum, New York, 1992), p. 1.
33. H. Dosch, Int. J. Mod. Phys. 6, 2773 (1992).
34. I. K. Robinson and D. J. Tweet, Rep. Prog. Phys. 55, 599 (1992).
35. J. G. Dash, H. Fu, and J. S. Wettlaufer, Rep. Prog. Phys. 58, 115 (1994).
36. X. Z. Wu, B M. Ocko, H. Tang, E. B. Sirota, S. K. Sinha, and M. Deutsch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1332 (1995).
37. O. M. Magnussen, B. M. Ocko, M. J. Regan, K. Penanen, P. S. Pershan, and M. Deutsch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4444 (1995).
38. M. J. Regan, E. H. Kawamoto, S. Lee, P. S. Pershan, N. Maskil, M. Deutsch, O. M. Magnussen, B. M. Ocko, and L. E. Berman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2498 (1995).
39. N. Lei, Z. Huang, and S. A. Rice, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 4802 (1996).
40. D. Raoux, in Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation for Condensed Matter Studies, edited by J. Baruchel, J.-L. Hodeau, M. S. Lehmann, J.-R. Regnard, and C. Schlenker (Springer, New York, 1993), Vol. 1, pp. 37-78.
41. H. Winick, Synchrotron Radiation Sources: A Primer (World Scientific, Singapore, 1994).
42. B. I. Halperin, in Symmetries and Broken Symmetries in Condensed Matter Physics: Proceedings of the Colloque Pierre Curie, edited by N. Boccara (IDSET, Paris, 1981).
43. B. Berge, O. Konovalov, J. Lajzerowicz, A. Renault, J. P. Rieu, M. Vallade, J. Als-Nielsen, G. Grubel, and J. F. Legrand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1652 (1994).
44. K. Kjaer, J. Als-Nielsen, C. A. Helm, L. A. Laschuber, and H. Möhwald, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2224 (1987).
45. J. Als-Nielsen and H. Möwald, in Handbook of Synchrotron Radiation, edited by S. Ebashi, E. Rubenstein, and M. Koch (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991), Vol. 4, p. 1.
46. E. B. Sirota, J. Collett, P. S. Pershan, and L. B. Sorensen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2039 (1985).
47. S. Amador, P. S. Pershan, H. Stragier, B. D. Swanson, D. J. Tweet, L. B. Sorensen, E. B. Sirota, G. E. Ice, and A. Habenschuss, Phys. Rev. A 39, 2703 (1989).
48. C.-F. Chou, J. T. Ho, S. W, Hui, and V. Surendranth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4556 (1996).
49. N. Lei, Z. Huang, and S. A. Rice, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 9615 (1996).
50. J. D: Brock, A. Aharony, R. J. Birgeneau, K. W. Evans-Lutterodt, J. D. Litster, P. M. Horn, G. B. Stephenson, and A. R. Tajbakhsh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 98 (1986).
51. J. D. Shindler, E. A. L. Mol, A. Shalaginov, and W. H. d. Jeu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 722 (1995).
52. D. Vaknin, J. Y. Wang, and R. A. Uphaus, Langmuir 11, 1435 (1995).
53. H. Eickenbusch and P. Härtwich, Fullerene: Analyse & Bewertung Zukünftiger Technologien (VDI Technologiezentrum, Düsseldorf, 1993).
54. R. Malhorta, D. F. McMillen, D. S. Tse, D. L. Lorents, R. S. Ruoff, and D. M. Keegan, Energy and Fuels 7, 685 (1993).
55. R. Baum, Chem. Eng. News 22, 8 (1993).
56. Y. S. Obeng and A. J. Bard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 6279 (1991).
57. N. C. Maliszewskyj, P. A. Heiney, D. R. Jones, R. M. Strongin, M. A. Cichy, I. Smith, and B: Amos, Langmuir 9, 1439 (1993).
58. R. Back and R. B. Lennox, J. Phys Chem. 96, 8149 (1992).
59. J. Guo, Y. Xu, Y. Li, Y. Yao, D. Zhu, and C. Bai, Chem. Phys. Lett. 195, 625 (1992).
60. J. Milliken, D. D. Dominguez, H. H. Nelson, and W. R. Barger, Chem. Mater. 4, 252 (1992).
61. Y. Tomioka, M. Ishibashi, H. Kajiyama, and Y. Taniguchi, Langmuir 9, 32 (1993).
62. J. Y. Wang, D. Vaknin, R. A. Uphaus, K. Kjaer, and M. Lösche, Thin Solid Films 242, 40 (1994).
63. xy=0.
64. P S. Pershan and J. Als-Nielsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 759 (1984).
65. P. M. Chaikin and T. C. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter Physics (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1995).
66. Strictly speaking, statistical fluctuations destroy the long-range positional order in 2D crystals; however, unless special procedures are invoked it is difficult to distinguish between the singular "power law" line shape of a 2D crystal and the superposition of a resolution limited Bragg peak on a thermal background, as is observed in 3D. See Berge et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1652 (1994).
67. T. M. Fischer, R. F. Bruinsma, and C. M. Knobler, Phys. Rev. E 50, 413 (1994).
68. S. Garoff, H. W. Deckman, J. H. Dunsmuir, and M. S. Alvarez, J. Phys. (Paris) 47, 701 (1986).
69. J. Rudnick and R. Bruinsma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2491 (1995).
70. J. Ruiz-Garcia, X. Qiu, M.-W. Tsao, G. Marshall, C. M. Knobler, G. A. Overbeck, and D. Mobius. J. Phys. Chem. 97, 6955 (1993).
71. D. Jacquemain, S. G. Wolf, F. Leveiller, M. Deutsch, K. Kjaer, J. Als-Nielsen, M. Lahav, and L. Leiserowitz, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 31, 130 (1992).
72. C. M. Knobler, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3, 1 (1991).
73. S. Henon and J. Meunier, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 936 (1991).
74. P. S. Pershan, Phys. Rev. E 50, 2369 (1994).
75. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and P. C. Eklund, Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes (Academic, San Diego, 1996).
76. W. Kratschmer, L. D. Lamb, K. Fostiropoulos, and D. R. Huffman, Nature 347, 354 (1990).
77. G. S. Cargill III, in Solid State Physics, edited by H. Ehrenreich, F. Seitz, and D. Turnbull (Academic, New York, 1975), Vol. 30, p. 227.
78. P. A. Egelstaff, An Introduction to the Liquid State (Academic, New York, 1967).
79. B. E. Warren, X-ray Diffraction (Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1969).
80. D. K. Schwartz, M. L. Schlossman, E. H. Kawamoto, G. J. Kellogg, P. S. Pershan, and B. M. Ocko, Phys. Rev. A 41, 5687 (1990).