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85033171258
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85033164592
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c is the bending rigidity constant, while λ is a Lagrange multiplier accounting for the area constraint. The free energy is also called the curvature or shape energy, i.e., the energy assigned to the shape of the object or system. The stability of the selected shapes arising from fluctuations has been dealt with elsewhere, e.g., see Helfrich's work.
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85033171304
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note
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The first number denotes the shortest circuit, while the second number is the valence of the vertex.
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85033188775
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note
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Without "tearing" means that the surface remained continuous.
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39
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85033176309
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note
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In mathematical terms, a surface without intersections is said to be embedded.
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41
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85033180630
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note
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This is closely related to page 31 of ref 35.
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42
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85033187615
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note
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A simplified analysis goes as follows: In order for the labyrinth net (6,4) to be transformed to ( 10,3)a, the tetrahedral vertices of the former should be transformed into the trigonal vertices of the latter. Moreover, circuit 6 of the former should also be transformed into circuit 10 of the latter. This is achieved by noting that the probability of a circuit 6 expanding into a greater circuit by random "pulling apart" of the tetrahedral vertices to form two trigonal vertices is 2/3. Thus, upon such "random" pulling apart of the (6,4) labyrinth net (of the D surface), the resultant total number of vertices per circuit is = (2/3 enlargement/vertex)(6 vertex/ circuit)(1 new vertex generated/enlargement) + 6 old vertex/ circuit = 10 resultant vertex/circuit-which is the (10,3)a labyrinth (corresponding to the G surface).
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43
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85033166181
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note
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Similar analysis as above shows that the "random" pulling apart of the (4,6) labyrinth net (of the P surface), the resultant total number of vertices per circuit is = (6/8 enlargement/ vertex)(4 vertex/circuit)(2 new vertex generated/enlargement) + 4 old vertex/circuit = 10 resultant vertex/circuit-which is the (10,3)a labyrinth (corresponding to the G surface).
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44
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22644440788
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85033164974
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note
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As noted earlier, to unambiguously identify a particular bicontinuous cubic phase requires several slices.
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49
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