메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 72, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 288-304

Which Behaviors Do People Explain? A Basic Actor-Observer Asymmetry

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0031527940     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.288     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (95)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0001483618 scopus 로고
    • Self-knowledge and social inference: II. The diagnosticity of cognitive/affective and behavioral data
    • Andersen, S. M. (1984). Self-knowledge and social inference: II. The diagnosticity of cognitive/affective and behavioral data. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 294-307.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 294-307
    • Andersen, S.M.1
  • 2
    • 0002405807 scopus 로고
    • Explanations, communication and social cognition
    • C. Antaki (Ed.), London: Sage
    • Antaki, C. (1988). Explanations, communication and social cognition. In C. Antaki (Ed.), Analyzing everyday explanation: A casebook of methods (pp. 1-14). London: Sage.
    • (1988) Analyzing Everyday Explanation: A Casebook of Methods , pp. 1-14
    • Antaki, C.1
  • 3
    • 0001200062 scopus 로고
    • Focus of attention and causal attributions of actors and observers
    • Arkin, R. M., & Duval, S. (1975). Focus of attention and causal attributions of actors and observers. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 11, 427-438.
    • (1975) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 427-438
    • Arkin, R.M.1    Duval, S.2
  • 4
    • 0001303654 scopus 로고
    • A verb is worth a thousand words: The causes and consequences of interpersonal events implicit in language
    • Au, T. K. (1986). A verb is worth a thousand words: The causes and consequences of interpersonal events implicit in language. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 104-122.
    • (1986) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.25 , pp. 104-122
    • Au, T.K.1
  • 7
    • 84985790401 scopus 로고
    • What triggers causal attributions? The impact of valence and subjective probability
    • Bohner, G., Bless, H., Schwarz, N., & Strack, F. (1988). What triggers causal attributions? The impact of valence and subjective probability. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 335-345.
    • (1988) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 335-345
    • Bohner, G.1    Bless, H.2    Schwarz, N.3    Strack, F.4
  • 9
    • 0000136355 scopus 로고
    • Assessing spontaneous attributions in marital interaction: Methodological and conceptual considerations
    • Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1988). Assessing spontaneous attributions in marital interaction: Methodological and conceptual considerations. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 7, 122-130.
    • (1988) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 122-130
    • Bradbury, T.N.1    Fincham, F.D.2
  • 10
    • 0039369479 scopus 로고
    • An approach to explanation
    • R. Butler (Ed.), Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell
    • Bromberger, S. (1965). An approach to explanation. In R. Butler (Ed.), Analytical philosophy (2nd series, pp. 72-105). Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.
    • (1965) Analytical Philosophy 2nd Series , pp. 72-105
    • Bromberger, S.1
  • 11
    • 0020852569 scopus 로고
    • The psychological causality implicit in language
    • Brown, R., & Fish, D. (1983). The psychological causality implicit in language. Cognition, 14, 237-273.
    • (1983) Cognition , vol.14 , pp. 237-273
    • Brown, R.1    Fish, D.2
  • 12
    • 0000124640 scopus 로고
    • Causes and reasons in attribution theory: A conceptual critique
    • Buss, A. R. (1978). Causes and reasons in attribution theory: A conceptual critique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1311-1321.
    • (1978) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 1311-1321
    • Buss, A.R.1
  • 13
    • 0000290682 scopus 로고
    • The act frequency approach to personality
    • Buss, D. M., & Craik, K. H. (1983). The act frequency approach to personality. Psychological Review, 90, 105-126.
    • (1983) Psychological Review , vol.90 , pp. 105-126
    • Buss, D.M.1    Craik, K.H.2
  • 14
    • 0001927247 scopus 로고
    • Grounding in communication
    • L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, & S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Clark, H. H., & Brennan, S. E. (1991). Grounding in communication. In L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, & S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Socially shared cognition (pp. 127-149). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1991) Socially Shared Cognition , pp. 127-149
    • Clark, H.H.1    Brennan, S.E.2
  • 16
    • 0011532156 scopus 로고
    • What's going on in everyday explanations?
    • C. Antaki (Ed.), London: Sage
    • Draper, S. W. (1988). What's going on in everyday explanations? In C. Antaki (Ed.), Analyzing everyday explanation: A casebook of methods (pp. 15-31). London: Sage.
    • (1988) Analyzing Everyday Explanation: A Casebook of Methods , pp. 15-31
    • Draper, S.W.1
  • 18
    • 0001782347 scopus 로고
    • On the causal information conveyed by different interpersonal verbs: The role of implicit sentence context
    • Fiedler, K., & Semin, G. (1988). On the causal information conveyed by different interpersonal verbs: The role of implicit sentence context. Social Cognition, 6, 21-39.
    • (1988) Social Cognition , vol.6 , pp. 21-39
    • Fiedler, K.1    Semin, G.2
  • 19
    • 0023323638 scopus 로고
    • Attribution processes in distressed and nondistressed couples: 4. Self-partner attribution differences
    • Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R., & Baucom, D. H. (1987). Attribution processes in distressed and nondistressed couples: 4. Self-partner attribution differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 739-748.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 739-748
    • Fincham, F.D.1    Beach, S.R.2    Baucom, D.H.3
  • 20
    • 0026828721 scopus 로고
    • Assessing attributions in marriage: The relationship attribution measure
    • Fincham, F. D., & Bradbury, T. N. (1992). Assessing attributions in marriage: The relationship attribution measure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 457-468.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 457-468
    • Fincham, F.D.1    Bradbury, T.N.2
  • 22
    • 84985292823 scopus 로고
    • On seeing ourselves as others see us: Self-other agreement and discrepancy in personality ratings
    • Funder, D. C. (1980). On seeing ourselves as others see us: Self-other agreement and discrepancy in personality ratings. Journal of Personality, 48, 473-493.
    • (1980) Journal of Personality , vol.48 , pp. 473-493
    • Funder, D.C.1
  • 23
    • 0023284817 scopus 로고
    • Differences between traits: Properties associated with interjudge agreement
    • Funder, D. C., & Dobroth, K. M. (1987). Differences between traits: Properties associated with interjudge agreement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 409-418.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 409-418
    • Funder, D.C.1    Dobroth, K.M.2
  • 24
    • 0017157077 scopus 로고
    • Turning observers into actors: Differential causal attribution as a function of "empathy."
    • Galper, R. E. (1976). Turning observers into actors: Differential causal attribution as a function of "empathy." Journal of Research in Personality, 10, 328-335.
    • (1976) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.10 , pp. 328-335
    • Galper, R.E.1
  • 25
    • 84971149092 scopus 로고
    • The actor and the experiencer: Divergent patterns of causal attribution
    • Gilovich, T., & Regan, D. T. (1986). The actor and the experiencer: Divergent patterns of causal attribution. Social Cognition, 4, 342-352.
    • (1986) Social Cognition , vol.4 , pp. 342-352
    • Gilovich, T.1    Regan, D.T.2
  • 26
    • 0001455948 scopus 로고
    • The effects of empathy and outcome on attribution: An examination of the divergent-perspective hypothesis
    • Gould, R., & Sigall, H. (1977). The effects of empathy and outcome on attribution: An examination of the divergent-perspective hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 480-491.
    • (1977) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 480-491
    • Gould, R.1    Sigall, H.2
  • 29
    • 0040635224 scopus 로고
    • Conversational processes and causal explanation
    • Hilton, D. J. (1990). Conversational processes and causal explanation. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 65-81.
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.107 , pp. 65-81
    • Hilton, D.J.1
  • 30
    • 0002863814 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge-based causal attribution: The abnormal conditions focus model
    • Hilton, D. J., & Slugoski, B. R. (1986). Knowledge-based causal attribution: The abnormal conditions focus model. Psychological Review, 93, 75-88.
    • (1986) Psychological Review , vol.93 , pp. 75-88
    • Hilton, D.J.1    Slugoski, B.R.2
  • 31
    • 0009105697 scopus 로고
    • Toward a methodology for coding spontaneous causal attributions: Preliminary results with married couples
    • Holtzworth-Munroe, A., & Jacobson, N. S. (1988). Toward a methodology for coding spontaneous causal attributions: Preliminary results with married couples. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 7, 101-112.
    • (1988) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 101-112
    • Holtzworth-Munroe, A.1    Jacobson, N.S.2
  • 33
    • 0027792709 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of interjudge agreement on personality traits: The Big Five domains, observability, evaluativeness, and the unique perspective of the self
    • John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1993). Determinants of interjudge agreement on personality traits: The Big Five domains, observability, evaluativeness, and the unique perspective of the self. Journal of Personality, 61, 521-551.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality , vol.61 , pp. 521-551
    • John, O.P.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 34
    • 77956798433 scopus 로고
    • From acts to dispositions: The attribution process in person perception
    • Jones, E. E., & Davis, K. E. (1965). From acts to dispositions: The attribution process in person perception. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 219-266.
    • (1965) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 219-266
    • Jones, E.E.1    Davis, K.E.2
  • 35
    • 0002679544 scopus 로고
    • The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior
    • E. E. Jones, D. Kanouse, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, S. Valins, & B. Weiner (Eds.), New York: General Learning Press
    • Jones, E. E., & Nisbett, R. E. (1972). The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In E. E. Jones, D. Kanouse, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, S. Valins, & B. Weiner (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior (pp. 79-94). New York: General Learning Press.
    • (1972) Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior , pp. 79-94
    • Jones, E.E.1    Nisbett, R.E.2
  • 36
    • 0002548302 scopus 로고
    • Interaction goals as bases of inference in interpersonal perception
    • R. Tagiuri & L. Petrullo (Eds.), Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
    • Jones, E. E., & Thibaut, J. W. (1958). Interaction goals as bases of inference in interpersonal perception. In R. Tagiuri & L. Petrullo (Eds.), Person perception and interpersonal behavior (pp. 151-178). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
    • (1958) Person Perception and Interpersonal Behavior , pp. 151-178
    • Jones, E.E.1    Thibaut, J.W.2
  • 38
    • 21844525494 scopus 로고
    • An attributional analysis of reactions to negative emotions
    • Karasawa, K. (1995). An attributional analysis of reactions to negative emotions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 456-467.
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 456-467
    • Karasawa, K.1
  • 39
    • 0002395197 scopus 로고
    • Attribution theory in social psychology
    • D. Levine (Ed.), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
    • Kelley, H. H. (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 15, pp. 129-240). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
    • (1967) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation , vol.15 , pp. 129-240
    • Kelley, H.H.1
  • 40
    • 0002737479 scopus 로고
    • Personality traits and the eye of the beholder: Crossing some traditional philosophical boundaries in the search for consistency in all of the people
    • Kenrick, D. T., & Stringfield, D. O. (1980). Personality traits and the eye of the beholder: Crossing some traditional philosophical boundaries in the search for consistency in all of the people. Psychological Review, 87, 88-104.
    • (1980) Psychological Review , vol.87 , pp. 88-104
    • Kenrick, D.T.1    Stringfield, D.O.2
  • 42
    • 0002801958 scopus 로고
    • The endogenous-exogenous partition in attribution theory
    • Kruglanski, A. H. (1975). The endogenous-exogenous partition in attribution theory. Psychological Review, 82, 387-406.
    • (1975) Psychological Review , vol.82 , pp. 387-406
    • Kruglanski, A.H.1
  • 47
    • 0000061373 scopus 로고
    • The how and what of why: Some determinants and consequences of causal attribution
    • McArthur, L. Z. (1972). The how and what of why: Some determinants and consequences of causal attribution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 171-193.
    • (1972) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 171-193
    • McArthur, L.Z.1
  • 48
    • 0001736606 scopus 로고
    • Causal attribution to salient stimuli: An investigation on visual fixation mediators
    • McArthur, L. Z., & Ginsberg, E. (1981). Causal attribution to salient stimuli: An investigation on visual fixation mediators. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 547-553.
    • (1981) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.7 , pp. 547-553
    • McArthur, L.Z.1    Ginsberg, E.2
  • 51
    • 0345977695 scopus 로고
    • The problem of motivation in consistency models
    • R. P. Abelson, E. Aronson, W. J. McGuire, T. M. Newcomb, M. J. Rosenberg, & P. H. Tennenbaum (Eds.), Chicago: Rand McNally
    • Pepitone, A. (1968). The problem of motivation in consistency models. In R. P. Abelson, E. Aronson, W. J. McGuire, T. M. Newcomb, M. J. Rosenberg, & P. H. Tennenbaum (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistence: A sourcebook (pp. 319-326). Chicago: Rand McNally.
    • (1968) Theories of Cognitive Consistence: A Sourcebook , pp. 319-326
    • Pepitone, A.1
  • 52
    • 0026229249 scopus 로고
    • Automatic vigilance: The attention-grabbing power of negative social information
    • Pratto, F., & John O. P. (1991). Automatic vigilance: The attention-grabbing power of negative social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 380-391.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 380-391
    • Pratto, F.1    John, O.P.2
  • 53
    • 0002319834 scopus 로고
    • Role of disconfirmed expectancies in the instigation of attributional processing
    • Pyszczynski, T. A., & Greenberg, J. (1981). Role of disconfirmed expectancies in the instigation of attributional processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 31-38.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 31-38
    • Pyszczynski, T.A.1    Greenberg, J.2
  • 54
    • 0001934320 scopus 로고
    • Dissonance and balance in belief systems: The promise of parallel constraint satisfaction processes and connectionist modeling approaches
    • R. C. Schank & E. Langer (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Read, S. J., & Miller, L. C. (1994). Dissonance and balance in belief systems: The promise of parallel constraint satisfaction processes and connectionist modeling approaches. In R. C. Schank & E. Langer (Eds.), Beliefs, reasoning, and decision making: Psycho-logic in honor of Bob Abelson (pp. 209-235). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1994) Beliefs, Reasoning, and Decision Making: Psycho-logic in Honor of Bob Abelson , pp. 209-235
    • Read, S.J.1    Miller, L.C.2
  • 56
    • 0030209703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The actor-observer effect revisited: Effects of individual differences and repeated social interactions on actor and observer attributions
    • Robins, R. W., Spranca, M. D., & Mendelsohn, G. A. (1996). The actor-observer effect revisited: Effects of individual differences and repeated social interactions on actor and observer attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 375-389.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 375-389
    • Robins, R.W.1    Spranca, M.D.2    Mendelsohn, G.A.3
  • 57
    • 85047682830 scopus 로고
    • Impact of salient vocal qualities on causal attribution for a speaker's behavior
    • Robinson, J., & McArthur, L. Z. (1982). Impact of salient vocal qualities on causal attribution for a speaker's behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 236-247.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 236-247
    • Robinson, J.1    McArthur, L.Z.2
  • 59
    • 0000022618 scopus 로고
    • Naive realism in everyday life: Implications for social conflict and misunderstanding
    • T. Brown, E. Reed, & E. Turiel (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1995). Naive realism in everyday life: Implications for social conflict and misunderstanding. In T. Brown, E. Reed, & E. Turiel (Eds.), Values and knowledge (pp. 103-135). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1995) Values and Knowledge , pp. 103-135
    • Ross, L.1    Ward, A.2
  • 60
    • 0002478693 scopus 로고
    • Attribution and social perception
    • G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), New York: Random House
    • Ross, M., & Fletcher, G. J. O. (1985). Attribution and social perception. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 73-122). New York: Random House.
    • (1985) Handbook of Social Psychology , pp. 73-122
    • Ross, M.1    Fletcher, G.J.O.2
  • 64
    • 77957077319 scopus 로고
    • The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self
    • Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 261-302.
    • (1988) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 261-302
    • Steele, C.M.1
  • 65
    • 0015653856 scopus 로고
    • Videotape and the attribution process: Reversing actors' and observers' point of view
    • Storms, M. D. (1973). Videotape and the attribution process: Reversing actors' and observers' point of view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 165-175.
    • (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 165-175
    • Storms, M.D.1
  • 70
    • 58149367888 scopus 로고
    • Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaption
    • Taylor, S. E. (1983). Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaption. American Psychologist, 38, 1161-1173.
    • (1983) American Psychologist , vol.38 , pp. 1161-1173
    • Taylor, S.E.1
  • 71
    • 0026196763 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events: The mobilization-minimization hypothesis
    • Taylor, S. E. (1991). Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events: The mobilization-minimization hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 67-85.
    • (1991) Psychological Bulletin , vol.110 , pp. 67-85
    • Taylor, S.E.1
  • 72
    • 77956859351 scopus 로고
    • Salience, attention, and attribution: Top of the head phenomena
    • Taylor, S. E., & Fiske, S. T. (1978). Salience, attention, and attribution: Top of the head phenomena. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 11, 249-288.
    • (1978) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 249-288
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Fiske, S.T.2
  • 73
    • 58149409493 scopus 로고
    • The actor and the observer: How are their perceptions of causality divergent?
    • Watson, D. (1982). The actor and the observer: How are their perceptions of causality divergent? Psychological Bulletin, 92, 682-700.
    • (1982) Psychological Bulletin , vol.92 , pp. 682-700
    • Watson, D.1
  • 75
    • 0021909091 scopus 로고
    • "Spontaneous" causal thinking
    • Weiner, B. (1985). "Spontaneous" causal thinking. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 74-84.
    • (1985) Psychological Bulletin , vol.97 , pp. 74-84
    • Weiner, B.1
  • 76
    • 0000056535 scopus 로고
    • Ambiguity in the internal/external distinction in causal attribution
    • White, P. A. (1991). Ambiguity in the internal/external distinction in causal attribution. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 259-270.
    • (1991) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 259-270
    • White, P.A.1
  • 77
    • 0347238626 scopus 로고
    • When people ask "why" questions, and the heuristics of attributional search
    • Wong, P. T., & Weiner, B. (1981). When people ask "why" questions, and the heuristics of attributional search. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 246-259.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 246-259
    • Wong, P.T.1    Weiner, B.2
  • 78
  • 79
    • 0003635235 scopus 로고
    • New York: Harcourt, Brace
    • Woolf, V. (1925). Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
    • (1925) Mrs. Dalloway
    • Woolf, V.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.