Policies of ethnic preference: Collective vs. Individual rights in Israel

Middle East Policy

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 69-89

  Beuttel, Ashley C ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031520658     PISSN: 10611924     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4967.1997.tb00282.x     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Yoav Peled, "Ethnic Democracy and the Legal Construction of Citizenship: Arab Citizens of the Jewish State," American Political Science Review 86. 2 (1992):p. 432, citing Sammy Smooha, "Minority Status in an Ethnic Democracy: The Status of the Arab Minority in Israel, " Ethnic and Racial Studies 13 (1990): pp. 389-413. See also Roselli Tekiner, "Jewish Nationality Status as One Basis for Institutionalized Racial Discrimination in Israel," American-Arab Affairs 17 (1986): pp. 79-98. The style of documentation used in this paper is the Modern Language Association (MLA).
2. Yoav Peled, "Ethnic Democracy and the Legal Construction of Citizenship: Arab Citizens of the Jewish State," American Political Science Review 86. 2 (1992):p. 432, citing Sammy Smooha, "Minority Status in an Ethnic Democracy: The Status of the Arab Minority in Israel, " Ethnic and Racial Studies 13 (1990): pp. 389-413. See also Roselli Tekiner, "Jewish Nationality Status as One Basis for Institutionalized Racial Discrimination in Israel," American-Arab Affairs 17 (1986): pp. 79-98. The style of documentation used in this paper is the Modern Language Association (MLA).
3. Yoav Peled, "Ethnic Democracy and the Legal Construction of Citizenship: Arab Citizens of the Jewish State," American Political Science Review 86. 2 (1992):p. 432, citing Sammy Smooha, "Minority Status in an Ethnic Democracy: The Status of the Arab Minority in Israel, " Ethnic and Racial Studies 13 (1990): pp. 389-413. See also Roselli Tekiner, "Jewish Nationality Status as One Basis for Institutionalized Racial Discrimination in Israel," American-Arab Affairs 17 (1986): pp. 79-98. The style of documentation used in this paper is the Modern Language Association (MLA).
4. Donald L Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), p. 657.
5. Elia Zureik, The Palestinians in Israel: A study in internal colonialism ( London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979), p. 16.
6. Sammy Smooha, Israel: Pluralism and Conflict ( Berkeley: Univ. of Cal. Press, 1978), p. 197.
7. Yoav Peled and Gershon Shafir, "The Roots of Peacemaking: The Dynamics of Citizenship in Israel: 1948-93," International Journal of Middle East Studies 28 (1996): p. 392; Smooha, Pluralism, 46; Elia Zureik, "Prospects of the Palestinians in Israel: II," Journal of Palestine Studies 22.4 (1993): 73-93; Peled, "Ethnic," p. 432.
8. Yoav Peled and Gershon Shafir, "The Roots of Peacemaking: The Dynamics of Citizenship in Israel: 1948-93," International Journal of Middle East Studies 28 (1996): p. 392; Smooha, Pluralism, 46; Elia Zureik, "Prospects of the Palestinians in Israel: II," Journal of Palestine Studies 22.4 (1993): 73-93; Peled, "Ethnic," p. 432.
9. Yoav Peled and Gershon Shafir, "The Roots of Peacemaking: The Dynamics of Citizenship in Israel: 1948-93," International Journal of Middle East Studies 28 (1996): p. 392; Smooha, Pluralism, 46; Elia Zureik, "Prospects of the Palestinians in Israel: II," Journal of Palestine Studies 22.4 (1993): 73-93; Peled, "Ethnic," p. 432.
10. Yoav Peled and Gershon Shafir, "The Roots of Peacemaking: The Dynamics of Citizenship in Israel: 1948-93," International Journal of Middle East Studies 28 (1996): p. 392; Smooha, Pluralism, 46; Elia Zureik, "Prospects of the Palestinians in Israel: II," Journal of Palestine Studies 22.4 (1993): 73-93; Peled, "Ethnic," p. 432.
11. Peled and Shafir, "Roots," p. 403.
12. Zureik, "Prospects," p. 74.
13. Milton Esman, Ethnic Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994), p. 138.
14. Amos Elon, "Israel and the End of Zionism," The New York Review, December 19, 1996, p. 22.
15. Zureik. "Prospects," p. 91.
16. Sabri Jiyris, The Arabs in Israel: 1948-1966 (Beirut: The Institute for Palestinian Studies, 1969), p. 121.
17. Sammy Smooha, Arabs and Jews in Israel: Change and Continuity in Mutual Intolerance, Volume 2. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1989), pp. 7-8.
18. Emile Tourna, "The Political Coming of age of the 'National Minority,'" Journal of Palestine Studies 14.2 (1985): pp. 74-75.
19. Zureik, et al, p. 439.
20. Zureik, et al, p. 439.
21. Jiyris, Arabs, pp. 40-41.
22. Sabri Jiyris, "Domination by the Law," Journal of Palestine Studies 11.1 (1981): p. 83.
23. 4 dunums = 1 acre
24. Ian Lustick, Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel 's Control of a National Minority (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980), p. 129.
25. Bakir Abu Kshik, "Arab Land and Israeli Policy," Journal of Palestine Studies 11.1 (1981), p. 128.
26. IbId., 123.
27. Ariel Bin-nun, Laws of the State of Israel (Jerusalem: Rubin Mass, Ltd, 1990), p. 165.
28. Hanna Did Nakkara, "Israeli Land Seizure Under Various Defense and Emergency Regulations," Journal of Palestine Studies 14.2 (1985), p. 15.
29. Ibid., 15.
30. Laws of the State of Israel, (Israel: Government Publisher, 1948-present) 1949, p. 3.
31. Ibid., 57.
32. Ibid., 70-77 (paragraph two, Section B, Articles Two and Three).
33. Jiyris, "Domination," p. 90.
34. Nakkara, p. 18.
35. Laws, 1948, pp. 25-26.
36. Jiyris, Arabs, p. 59.
37. Ibid., 61.
38. Lustick, p. 174.
39. Ibid.
40. Jiyris, Arabs, p. 84.
41. Laws, 1951, p. 175.
42. Bin-nun, p. 160.
43. Jiyris, "Domination," pp. 86-87.
44. Lustick, p. 174.
45. Laws, 1953, p. 43.
46. Jiyris, "Domination" p. 91.
47. Nakkara, p. 22.
48. Ibid., She further notes that in 1955 the Communist party of Israel attempted to pass an amendment allowing an owner whose land had been unjustly seized to have legal redress. The Knesset failed to pass the amendment.
49. Uri Davis and Walter Lehn, "And the Fund Still Lives: The Role of the Jewish National Fund in the Determination of Israel's Land Policies," Journal of Palestine Studies 7.4 (1978), pp. 17-19.
50. Davis and Lehn, p. 23.
51. Jiyris, Arabs, p. 81.
52. Bakir Abu Kishk, "Israel's Land Policy" Journal of Palestine Studies 11.1 (1981), p. 127.
53. Raja Khalidi, "The Arab Economy in Israel: Dependency or Development?," Journal of Palestine Studies 13.3 (1984), pp. 70-1.
54. Lustick, p. 167.
55. Zureik, et al, p. 427.
56. Zureik, "Prospects," p. 81.
57. Zureik, "Prospects," p. 81.
58. Nakkara, pp. 20-21.
59. Jiyris, Arabs, p. 46.
60. Peled, p. 436.
61. Jiyris, "Domination," pp. 68-69.
62. Lustick,p. 123.
63. Jiyris, Arabs, p. 15.
64. Jiyris, "Domination," p. 68. And Lustick p. 123.
65. Jiyris, "Domination," p. 68. And Lustick p. 123.
66. Jiyris, Arabs, pp. 7-9.
67. Jiyris, Arab, pp. 7-9.
68. Laws, 1949, p. 57.
69. Nakkara, pp. 26-27.
70. Jiyris, "Domination," pp. 68-69.
71. Touma, p. 79.
72. Jiyris, Arab, p. 11.
73. Ibid., p.19.
74. Nakkara, pp. 26-27.
75. Lustick, p. 123.
76. Jiyris, "Domination," p. 69.
77. Peled, p. 436.
78. Jiyris, Arabs, p. 22.
79. Ibid., p. 55.
80. Daphna Sharfman,. Living Without a Constitution: Civil Rights in Israel ( Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1993), pp.53-54.
81. Jiyris, "Arabs" p. 32.
82. Sharfman, p. 51.
83. Lustick, p. 67.
84. Jiyris, "Domination," p. 69.
85. Ibid., p. 67.
86. Ibid., pp. 70-71. Israeli courts have declared this power as absolute and at the sole discretion of the military commander.
87. Ibid., pp. 70-74.
88. Ibid., p. 74.
89. Great Britain and Palestine: 1915-1945: Information Papers No. 20 (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1946), pp. 34-35.
90. Great, pp. 20-21.
91. Lustick, p. 89.
92. Davis and Lehn, p. 6.
93. Zureik, Palestinians, p. 200.
94. Zureik, "Prospects," p. 86.
95. Ibid., pp. 80-82.
96. Davis and Lehn, p. 21.
97. Laws, 1952, p. 285.
98. Davis and Lehn, pp. 13-14.
99. Lustick, p. 109.
100. Edward Said, The Question of Palestine (New York: Vintage Books, 1979 & 1992), p. 97.
101. Said, p. 98.
102. Ibid., p. 100.
103. Ibid., p. 102.
104. Davis and Lehn, p. 21.
105. Ibid., p. 22.
106. Khalidi, p. 71.
107. Lustick, p. 99.
108. Smooha, Israel, p. 163.
109. Jiyris, "Domination," p. 86.
110. Zureik, Palestinians, p. 119.
111. Lustick, pp. 99-100.
112. Ibid., p. 102.
113. Ibid., p. 105.
114. Ibid., p. 103.
115. Zureik, Palestinians, p. 34.
116. Great, p. 36.
117. Jacob Landau, The Arabs in Israel: A Political Study ( London: Oxford University Press, 1969), p. 178.
118. Lustick, p. 90.
119. Smooha, Israel, p. 106.
120. Landau, p. 178.
121. Lustick, p. 96.
122. Smooha, Israel, p. 106.
123. Landau, p. 249.
124. Zureik, "Prospects," p. 85.
125. Lustick, p. 96.
126. Lustick, p. 96.
127. Smooha, Israel, p. 201.
128. Lustick, p. 97.
129. Zureik, et al, p. 428.
130. Jiyris, "Arabs," p. 50.
131. Khalidi, p. 63.