Sources of acute stress and their appraisals and reappraisals among australian police as a function of previous experience

Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology

Volumn 70, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 337-356

  Anshel, Mark H ^a   Robertson, Michelle ^a   Caputi, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031514640     PISSN: 09631798     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00653.x     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Albert, S. R. (1982). A scientific examination of occupational stress in the New South Wales police force. NSW Police News. January.
2. Alkus, S. & Padesky, C. (1983). Special problems of police officers: stress-related issues and interventions. Counseling Psychologist, 11, 55-64.
3. Band, S. R. & Manuele, C. A. (1987). Stress and police officer performance: An examination of effective coping behavior. Journal of Police Criminal Psychology, 3, 30-42.
4. Benson, J. & Hagtvet, K. A. (1996). The interplay among design, data analysis, and theory in the measurement of coping. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds), Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research, Applications, pp. 83-106. New York: Wiley.
5. Brown, J. M. & Campbell, E. A. (1990). Sources of occupational stress in the police. Work and Stress, 4, 305-318.
6. Burke, R. J. (1989). Career stages, satisfaction and well-being among police officers. Psychological Reports, 65, 3-12.
7. Burke, R. J. (1993). Work-family stress, conflict, coping and burnout in police officers. Stress Medicine, 9, 171-180.
8. Coman, G. J. & Evans, B. J. (1991). Stressors facing Australian police in the 1990s. Police Studies International Review Police Development, 14, 153-165.
9. Cooper, W. H. (1982). Police officers over career stages. Canadian Police College Journal, 6, 93-112.
10. Dantzer, M. L. (1987). Police-related stress: a critique for future research. Journal of Police Criminal Psychology, 3, 43-48.
11. Davidson, M. J. & Veno, A. (1980). Stress and the policeman. In C. L. Cooper & J. Marshall (Eds), White Collar and Professional Stress, pp. 131-166. New York: Wiley.
12. Dewe, P. (1989). Examining the nature of work stress: individual evaluations of stressful experiences and coping. Human Relations, 42, 993-1013.
13. Dewe, P. (1991a). Measuring work stressors: The role of frequency, duration and demand. Work and Stress, 5, 77-91.
14. Dewe, P. (1991b). Primary appraisal, secondary appraisal and coping: Their role in stressful work encounters. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 64, 331-351.
15. Dewe, P. (1992). The appraisal process: Exploring the role of meaning, importance, control and coping in work stress. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 5, 95-109.
16. Dewe, P. (1993). Measuring primary appraisal: Scale construction and directions for future research. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 673-685.
17. Drumheller, P. M. Jr, Eicke, F. J. & Scherer, R. F. (1993). Cognitive appraisal and coping of students varying in stress level during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 237-254.
18. Eden, D. (1990). Acute and chronic job stress, strain and vacation relief. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 45, 175-193.
19. Evans, B. J. & Coman, G. J. (1993). General versus specific measures of occupational stress: An Australian police survey. Stress Medicine, 9, 11-20.
20. Evans, B. J., Coman, G. J., Stanley, R. O. & Burrows, G. D. (1993). Police officers' coping strategies: An Australian police survey. Stress Medicine, 9, 237-246.
21. Fennell, J. T. (1981). Psychological stress and the peace officer, or stress - a cop killer. In G. Henderson (Ed.), Police Human Relations. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
22. Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A. & Gruen, R. J. (1986a). Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 992-1003.
23. Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Gruen, R. J. & DeLongis, A. (1986b). Appraisal, coping, health status and psychological symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 571-579.
24. Glowinkowski, S. P. & Cooper, C. L. (1985). Current issues in organizational stress research. Bulletin of The British Psychological Society, 38, 212-216.
25. Graf, F. A. (1986). The relationship between social support and occupational stress among police officers. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 14, 178-186.
26. Gudjonsson, G. H. & Adlam, K. R. (1985). Occupational stressors among British police officers. Police Journal, 58, 73-80.
27. Hills, H. & Norvell, N. (1991). An examination of hardiness and neuroticism as potential moderators of stress outcomes. Behavioral Medicine, 17, 31-37.
28. Kaslof, L. J. (1989). Police stress: The hidden assailant. Advances. 6, 20-22.
29. Kerlinger, F. N. (1973). Behavioral Foundations of Research, 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
30. Kroes, W. H. (1985). Society's Victim: The Police Officer. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
31. Krohne, H. W. (1996). Individual differences in coping. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds), Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research, Applications, pp. 381-409. New York: Wiley.
32. Kuiper, N. A., Martin, R. A. & Olinger, L. J. (1993). Coping humour, stress and cognitive appraisals. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 25, 81-96.
33. Larsson, G., Kempe, C. & Starrin, B. (1988). Appraisal and coping processes in acute time-limited stressful situations: A study of police officers. European Journal of Personality, 2, 259-276.
34. Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping, New York: Springer.
35. Lobel, M. & Dunkel-Schetter, C. (1990). Conceptualizing stress to study the effects on health: Environmental, perceptual and emotional components. Anxiety Research, 3, 213-230.
36. McCrae, R. R. (1984). Situational determinants of coping responses: Loss, threat and challenge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 919-928.
37. New South Wales Police Academy (1990). Human Behaviour: Applied Perspectives for Policing: A Study Guide, August.
38. Newton, T. J. (1989). Occupational stress and coping with stress: A critique. Human Relations, 42, 441-461.
39. O'Brien, L. & Reznik, R. (1988). The prevalence of self-reported factors for ischaemic heart disease, problem drinking and emotional stress among NSW police: Summary of findings. A report by the Department of Community Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
40. Parkes, K. (1984). Locus of control, cognitive appraisal and coping in stressful episodes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 655-668.
41. Parkes, K. R. (1986). Coping in stressful episodes: The role of individual differences, environmental factors, and situational characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1277-1292.
42. Peacock, E. J. & Wong, P. T. (1990). The Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM): A multidimensional approach to cognitive appraisal. Stress Medicine, 6, 227-236.
43. Peacock, E. J., Wong, P. & Reker, G. T. (1993). Relations between appraisals and coping schemas: Support for the congruence model. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 25, 64-80.
44. Perrier, D. C. & Toner, R. (1984). Police stress: The hidden foe. Canadian Police College Journal, 8, 15-26.
45. Sewell, J. D. (1983). The development of a critical life events scale for law enforcement. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 11, 109-116.
46. Steptoe, A. & Vogele, C. (1986). Are stress responses influenced by cognitive appraisal? An experimental comparison of coping strategies. British Journal of Psychology, 77, 243-255.
47. Violanti, J. M. & Aron, F. (1993). Sources of police stressors, job attitudes and psychological distress. Psychological Reports, 72, 899-904.
48. Westerink, J. (1990). Stress and coping mechanisms in young police officers. Australian Police Journal, 44, 109-113.