The complexity of early trauma: Representation and transformation

Psychoanalytic Inquiry

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 286-311

  Coates, Susan W ^a,b,e   Moore, Mary Sue ^c,d,e  

^a Columbia Ctr Psychoanal T ^*  (United States)

^b Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^d TAVISTOCK CLINIC   (United Kingdom)

^e NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031514517     PISSN: 07351690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07351699709534128     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Beebe, B. & Stern, D. (1977), Engagement-disengagement and early object interactions. In: Communicative Structures and Psychic Structures, ed. A. Siegman & S. Feldstein. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 35-55.
2. Burgess, A. & Hartman, C. (1993), Children's drawings. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17:161-168.
3. Coates, S. W. (1992), The etiology of boyhood gender identity disorder: An integrative model. In: Interface of Psychoanalysis and Psychology, ed. James W. Barron, M. N. Eagle, & D. L. Wolitzky. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 245-265.
4. _ & Wolfe, S. M. (1995), Boyhood gender identity disorder: The interface of constitution and early experience. Psychoanal. Ing., 51:6-38.
5. _ Friedman, R. C. & Wolfe, S. (1991). The etiology of boyhood gender identity disorder: A model for integrating temperament, development and psychodynamics. Psychoanal. Dial., 1:341-383.
6. Davidson, R. J. & Fox, N. (1982), Asymmetrical brain activity discriminates between positive versus negative affective stimuli in human infants. Science, 218:1235-1237.
7. Ekman, P. (1983), Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221:1208-1210.
8. Emch, M. (1944), On the "need to know" as related to identification and acting out. Internat. J. Psycho-Anal., 25:13-19.
9. Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Moran, G., Steele, H. & Higgett, A. (1993), Measuring the ghosts in the nursery: An empirical study of the relation between parents' mental representations of childhood experiences and their infants' security of attachment. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 41:957-989.
10. _ Steele, M., Steele, H., Leigh, T., Kennedy, R., Mattoon, G. & Target, M. (1995), Attachment, the reflective self, and borderline states: The predictive specificity of the adult attachment interview and pathological emotional development. In: Attachment Theory, ed. S. Goldberg, R. Muir & J. Kerr. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press, pp. 233-278.
11. Fraiberg, S. (1982), Pathological defenses in infancy. Psychoanal. Quart., 51:612-635.
12. _ Adelson, E. & Shapiro, V. (1975), Ghosts in the nursery: A psychoanalytic approach to the problem of impaired infant-mother relationships. J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat., 14:387-422.
13. Gaensbauer, T. & Harmon, R. (1982), Attachment behavior in abused/neglected and premature infants: Implications for the concept of attachment. In: The Development of Attachment and Affiliate Systems, ed. R. Emde & R. Harmon. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 263-280.
14. George, C., Kaplan, N. & Main, M. (1985), The Berkeley Adult Attachment Interview. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.
15. Ghent, E. (1990), Masochism, submission, surrender: Masochism as a perversion of surrender. Contemp. Psychoanal., 26:108-136.
16. _ (1994), Empathy - Whence & whither? Commentary on papers by Kiersky & Beebe, Hayes and Kiersky & Beebe. Psychoanal. Dial., 4:473-486.
17. Hammer, E. (1958), The Clinical Application of Projective Drawings. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1980.
18. Lyons-Ruth, K. (1992), Maternal depressive symptoms, disorganized infant-mother attachment relationships and hostile-aggressive behavior in the preschool classroom: A prospective longitudinal view from infancy to age five.. In: Developmental Perspectives on Depression, ed. D. Cicchetti & S. Toth. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, pp. 131-171.
19. Main, M. (1991), Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) models of attachment. In: Attachment Across the Life-Cycle, ed. C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde & P. Marris. London: Routledge, pp. 127-159.
20. _ & Hesse, E. (1990), Parents' unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status: Is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism? In: Attachment in the Preschool Years, ed. M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti & E. M. Cummings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 161-185.
21. _ & Solomon, J. (1990), Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth strange situation. In: Attachment in the Preschool Years, ed. M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti & E. M. Cummings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 121-161.
22. Meltzoff, A. & Moore, M. K. (1977), Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Science, 198:75-78.
23. Moore, M. S. (1990), Understanding children's drawings: Developmental and emotional indicators in children's human figure drawings. J. Educ. Ther., 3:35-47.
24. _ (1994), Reflections of self: The use of drawings in evaluating and treating physically ill children. In: Psychodynamic Therapy with Physically Ill Patients, ed. A. Erskine & D. Judd. London: Whurr Publishers, pp. 113-144.
25. _ (1997), How can we remember but be unable to recall? The complex function of multimodular memory. In: Memory in Dispute, ed. V. Sinason. London: Karnac.
26. Murray, L. (1991), Intersubjectivity, object relations theory, and empirical evidence from mother-infant interactions. Infant Mental Health J., 12:219-232.
27. _ & Trevarthen, C. (1985), Emotional regulation of interactions between two month olds and their mothers. In: Social Perception in Infants, ed. T. Field & N. Fox. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, pp. 177-187.
28. Nathanson, D. L. (1986), The empathic wall and the ecology of affect. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 41:171-187. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
29. Radke-Yarrow, M., Cummings, E. M., Kuczynski, L., Chapman, M. (1985), Patterns of attachment in 2- and 3-year olds in normal families and families with parental depression. Child Develop., 56:884-893.
30. Robins, C., Blatt, S. & Ford, R. (1991), Changes in human figure drawing during intensive treatment. J. Personal. Assess., 55:477-497.
31. Sander, L. (1977), Regulation of exchange in the infant-caregiver system: A viewpoint on the ontogeny of "structures." In: Communicative Structures and Psychic Structures, ed. N. Freedman & S. Grand. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 13-35.
32. _ (1987), Awareness of inner experience. Child Abuse & Neglect, 2, 339-346.
33. Schachtel, E. (1959), Memory and childhood amnesia. In: Metamorphosis. New York: Basic Books, pp. 279-322.
34. Slade, A. (1987), The quality of attachment and early symbolic play. Develop. Psychol., 23:78-85.
35. Stern, M. (1952), Free painting as an auxiliary technique in psychoanalysis. In: Specialized Techniques in Psychotherapy, ed. G. Bychowski & J. Despert. New York: Basic Books, pp. 65-83.
36. Terr, L. (1983), Play therapy and psychic trauma: A preliminary report. In Handbook of Play Therapy, ed. C. E. Schaefer & K. J. O'Conner. New York: Wiley, pp. 308-319.
37. _ (1988), What happens to early memories of trauma? A study of twenty children under age five at the time of documented traumatic events. J. Amer. Acad. Child & Adolesc. Psychiat., 27:96-104.
38. _ (1990), Too Scared to Cry. New York: Harper & Row.
39. Trevarthen, C. (1985), Facial expressions, emotion, mother-infant interaction. Human Neurobiol., 4:21-32.
40. Tronick, E. & Cohen, J. (1989), Infant-mother face-to-face interaction: Age and gender differences in coordination and miscoordination. Child Develop., 59:85-92.
41. Udwin, O. (1993), Annotation: Children's reactions to traumatic events. J. Child Psychol. & Psychiat. & Allied Discip., 34:115-127.
42. van der Kolk, B. S. (1987), Psychological trauma. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
43. Winnicott, D. W. (1975), The manic defense. In: Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis. New York: Basic Books, pp. 129-144. First presented to the British Psychoanalytic Society on December 4, 1935.
44. Wohl, A. & Kaufman, B. (1985), Silent Screams and Hidden Cries. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
45. Zucker, L. (1948), A case of obesity: Projective techniques before and after treatments. J. Project. Techniques, 12:202-215.