The use and understanding of keyword searching in a university online catalog

Information Technology and Libraries

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 52-62

  Hildreth, Charles R ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031513686     PISSN: 07309295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Christine L. Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (July 1996): 493-503.
2. Christine L. Borgman, "The User's Mental Model of an Information Retrieval System: Effects on Performance," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, 1983; and Christine L. Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Hard to Use? Lessons Learned from Information Retrieval?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 37 (June 1986): 387-400.
3. Christine L. Borgman, "The User's Mental Model of an Information Retrieval System: Effects on Performance," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, 1983; and Christine L. Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Hard to Use? Lessons Learned from Information Retrieval?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 37 (June 1986): 387-400.
4. Joan M. Cherry, Nancy J. Williamson, Carol R. Jones-Simmons, and Xin Gu, "OPACs in Twelve Canadian Academic Libraries: An Evaluation of Functional Capabilities and Interface Features," Information Technology and Libraries 13 (Sept. 1994): 174-95; Joy Tillotson, "Is Keyword Searching the Answer?" College and Research Libraries 56 (May 1995): 199-206; and John Akeroyd, "Information Seeking in Online Catalogues," Journal of Documentation 46 (Mar. 1990): 33-52.
5. Joan M. Cherry, Nancy J. Williamson, Carol R. Jones-Simmons, and Xin Gu, "OPACs in Twelve Canadian Academic Libraries: An Evaluation of Functional Capabilities and Interface Features," Information Technology and Libraries 13 (Sept. 1994): 174-95; Joy Tillotson, "Is Keyword Searching the Answer?" College and Research Libraries 56 (May 1995): 199-206; and John Akeroyd, "Information Seeking in Online Catalogues," Journal of Documentation 46 (Mar. 1990): 33-52.
6. Joan M. Cherry, Nancy J. Williamson, Carol R. Jones-Simmons, and Xin Gu, "OPACs in Twelve Canadian Academic Libraries: An Evaluation of Functional Capabilities and Interface Features," Information Technology and Libraries 13 (Sept. 1994): 174-95; Joy Tillotson, "Is Keyword Searching the Answer?" College and Research Libraries 56 (May 1995): 199-206; and John Akeroyd, "Information Seeking in Online Catalogues," Journal of Documentation 46 (Mar. 1990): 33-52.
7. Marilyn Ann Lester, "Coincidence of User Vocabulary and Library of Congress Subject Headings: Experiments to Improve Subject Access in Academic Library Online Catalogsm," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989; Steven D. Zink, "Monitoring User Search Success through Transaction Log Analysis: The WolfPAC Example," Reference Services Review 19 (Spring 1991): 49-56; Thomas A. Peters, The Online Catalog: A Critical Examination of Public Use (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 1991); Tillotson, "Is Keyword Searching the Answer?"; Terry Ballard, "Comparative Searching Styles of Patrons and Staff," LRTS 38 (July 1994): 293-305; and Cherry, Williamson, Jones-Simmons, and Gu, "OPACs in Twelve Canadian Academic Libraries."
8. Marilyn Ann Lester, "Coincidence of User Vocabulary and Library of Congress Subject Headings: Experiments to Improve Subject Access in Academic Library Online Catalogsm," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989; Steven D. Zink, "Monitoring User Search Success through Transaction Log Analysis: The WolfPAC Example," Reference Services Review 19 (Spring 1991): 49-56; Thomas A. Peters, The Online Catalog: A Critical Examination of Public Use (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 1991); Tillotson, "Is Keyword Searching the Answer?"; Terry Ballard, "Comparative Searching Styles of Patrons and Staff," LRTS 38 (July 1994): 293-305; and Cherry, Williamson, Jones-Simmons, and Gu, "OPACs in Twelve Canadian Academic Libraries."
9. Marilyn Ann Lester, "Coincidence of User Vocabulary and Library of Congress Subject Headings: Experiments to Improve Subject Access in Academic Library Online Catalogsm," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989; Steven D. Zink, "Monitoring User Search Success through Transaction Log Analysis: The WolfPAC Example," Reference Services Review 19 (Spring 1991): 49-56; Thomas A. Peters, The Online Catalog: A Critical Examination of Public Use (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 1991); Tillotson, "Is Keyword Searching the Answer?"; Terry Ballard, "Comparative Searching Styles of Patrons and Staff," LRTS 38 (July 1994): 293-305; and Cherry, Williamson, Jones-Simmons, and Gu, "OPACs in Twelve Canadian Academic Libraries."
10. Marilyn Ann Lester, "Coincidence of User Vocabulary and Library of Congress Subject Headings: Experiments to Improve Subject Access in Academic Library Online Catalogsm," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989; Steven D. Zink, "Monitoring User Search Success through Transaction Log Analysis: The WolfPAC Example," Reference Services Review 19 (Spring 1991): 49-56; Thomas A. Peters, The Online Catalog: A Critical Examination of Public Use (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 1991); Tillotson, "Is Keyword Searching the Answer?"; Terry Ballard, "Comparative Searching Styles of Patrons and Staff," LRTS 38 (July 1994): 293-305; and Cherry, Williamson, Jones-Simmons, and Gu, "OPACs in Twelve Canadian Academic Libraries."
11. Marilyn Ann Lester, "Coincidence of User Vocabulary and Library of Congress Subject Headings: Experiments to Improve Subject Access in Academic Library Online Catalogsm," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989; Steven D. Zink, "Monitoring User Search Success through Transaction Log Analysis: The WolfPAC Example," Reference Services Review 19 (Spring 1991): 49-56; Thomas A. Peters, The Online Catalog: A Critical Examination of Public Use (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 1991); Tillotson, "Is Keyword Searching the Answer?"; Terry Ballard, "Comparative Searching Styles of Patrons and Staff," LRTS 38 (July 1994): 293-305; and Cherry, Williamson, Jones-Simmons, and Gu, "OPACs in Twelve Canadian Academic Libraries."
12. Marilyn Ann Lester, "Coincidence of User Vocabulary and Library of Congress Subject Headings: Experiments to Improve Subject Access in Academic Library Online Catalogsm," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989; Steven D. Zink, "Monitoring User Search Success through Transaction Log Analysis: The WolfPAC Example," Reference Services Review 19 (Spring 1991): 49-56; Thomas A. Peters, The Online Catalog: A Critical Examination of Public Use (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 1991); Tillotson, "Is Keyword Searching the Answer?"; Terry Ballard, "Comparative Searching Styles of Patrons and Staff," LRTS 38 (July 1994): 293-305; and Cherry, Williamson, Jones-Simmons, and Gu, "OPACs in Twelve Canadian Academic Libraries."
13. Ray R. Larson, "Between Scylla and Charybdis: Subject Searching in the Online Catalog," Advances in Librarianship 15 (1991): 175-236; Charles R. Hildreth, "An Evaluation of Structured Navigation for Subject Searching in Online Catalogues," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Information Science, The City University, London (UK), 1993; Tschera Harkness Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs: Metaknowledge Used By Experienced Searchers," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46 (Aug. 1995): 506-18; Rosemary Thorne and Jo Bell Whitlatch, "Patron Online Catalog Success," College & Research Libraries 55 (Nov. 1994): 479-97; Diane Nahl and Carol Tenopir, "Affective and Cognitive Searching Behavior of Novice End-Users of a Full-Text Data" base," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Apr. 1996): 276-86; Amanda Spink, "Multiple Search Session Model of End-User Behavior: An Exploratory Study," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Aug. 1996): 603-09; and Stephen Walker and Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, OKAPI at City: An Evaluation Facility for Interactive IR. British Library Research Report No. 6056 (London: British Library, 1991).
14. Ray R. Larson, "Between Scylla and Charybdis: Subject Searching in the Online Catalog," Advances in Librarianship 15 (1991): 175-236; Charles R. Hildreth, "An Evaluation of Structured Navigation for Subject Searching in Online Catalogues," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Information Science, The City University, London (UK), 1993; Tschera Harkness Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs: Metaknowledge Used By Experienced Searchers," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46 (Aug. 1995): 506-18; Rosemary Thorne and Jo Bell Whitlatch, "Patron Online Catalog Success," College & Research Libraries 55 (Nov. 1994): 479-97; Diane Nahl and Carol Tenopir, "Affective and Cognitive Searching Behavior of Novice End-Users of a Full-Text Data" base," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Apr. 1996): 276-86; Amanda Spink, "Multiple Search Session Model of End-User Behavior: An Exploratory Study," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Aug. 1996): 603-09; and Stephen Walker and Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, OKAPI at City: An Evaluation Facility for Interactive IR. British Library Research Report No. 6056 (London: British Library, 1991).
15. Ray R. Larson, "Between Scylla and Charybdis: Subject Searching in the Online Catalog," Advances in Librarianship 15 (1991): 175-236; Charles R. Hildreth, "An Evaluation of Structured Navigation for Subject Searching in Online Catalogues," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Information Science, The City University, London (UK), 1993; Tschera Harkness Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs: Metaknowledge Used By Experienced Searchers," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46 (Aug. 1995): 506-18; Rosemary Thorne and Jo Bell Whitlatch, "Patron Online Catalog Success," College & Research Libraries 55 (Nov. 1994): 479-97; Diane Nahl and Carol Tenopir, "Affective and Cognitive Searching Behavior of Novice End-Users of a Full-Text Data" base," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Apr. 1996): 276-86; Amanda Spink, "Multiple Search Session Model of End-User Behavior: An Exploratory Study," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Aug. 1996): 603-09; and Stephen Walker and Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, OKAPI at City: An Evaluation Facility for Interactive IR. British Library Research Report No. 6056 (London: British Library, 1991).
16. Ray R. Larson, "Between Scylla and Charybdis: Subject Searching in the Online Catalog," Advances in Librarianship 15 (1991): 175-236; Charles R. Hildreth, "An Evaluation of Structured Navigation for Subject Searching in Online Catalogues," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Information Science, The City University, London (UK), 1993; Tschera Harkness Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs: Metaknowledge Used By Experienced Searchers," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46 (Aug. 1995): 506-18; Rosemary Thorne and Jo Bell Whitlatch, "Patron Online Catalog Success," College & Research Libraries 55 (Nov. 1994): 479-97; Diane Nahl and Carol Tenopir, "Affective and Cognitive Searching Behavior of Novice End-Users of a Full-Text Data" base," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Apr. 1996): 276-86; Amanda Spink, "Multiple Search Session Model of End-User Behavior: An Exploratory Study," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Aug. 1996): 603-09; and Stephen Walker and Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, OKAPI at City: An Evaluation Facility for Interactive IR. British Library Research Report No. 6056 (London: British Library, 1991).
17. Ray R. Larson, "Between Scylla and Charybdis: Subject Searching in the Online Catalog," Advances in Librarianship 15 (1991): 175-236; Charles R. Hildreth, "An Evaluation of Structured Navigation for Subject Searching in Online Catalogues," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Information Science, The City University, London (UK), 1993; Tschera Harkness Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs: Metaknowledge Used By Experienced Searchers," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46 (Aug. 1995): 506-18; Rosemary Thorne and Jo Bell Whitlatch, "Patron Online Catalog Success," College & Research Libraries 55 (Nov. 1994): 479-97; Diane Nahl and Carol Tenopir, "Affective and Cognitive Searching Behavior of Novice End-Users of a Full-Text Data" base," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Apr. 1996): 276-86; Amanda Spink, "Multiple Search Session Model of End-User Behavior: An Exploratory Study," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Aug. 1996): 603-09; and Stephen Walker and Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, OKAPI at City: An Evaluation Facility for Interactive IR. British Library Research Report No. 6056 (London: British Library, 1991).
18. Ray R. Larson, "Between Scylla and Charybdis: Subject Searching in the Online Catalog," Advances in Librarianship 15 (1991): 175-236; Charles R. Hildreth, "An Evaluation of Structured Navigation for Subject Searching in Online Catalogues," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Information Science, The City University, London (UK), 1993; Tschera Harkness Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs: Metaknowledge Used By Experienced Searchers," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46 (Aug. 1995): 506-18; Rosemary Thorne and Jo Bell Whitlatch, "Patron Online Catalog Success," College & Research Libraries 55 (Nov. 1994): 479-97; Diane Nahl and Carol Tenopir, "Affective and Cognitive Searching Behavior of Novice End-Users of a Full-Text Data" base," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Apr. 1996): 276-86; Amanda Spink, "Multiple Search Session Model of End-User Behavior: An Exploratory Study," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Aug. 1996): 603-09; and Stephen Walker and Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, OKAPI at City: An Evaluation Facility for Interactive IR. British Library Research Report No. 6056 (London: British Library, 1991).
19. Ray R. Larson, "Between Scylla and Charybdis: Subject Searching in the Online Catalog," Advances in Librarianship 15 (1991): 175-236; Charles R. Hildreth, "An Evaluation of Structured Navigation for Subject Searching in Online Catalogues," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Information Science, The City University, London (UK), 1993; Tschera Harkness Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs: Metaknowledge Used By Experienced Searchers," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46 (Aug. 1995): 506-18; Rosemary Thorne and Jo Bell Whitlatch, "Patron Online Catalog Success," College & Research Libraries 55 (Nov. 1994): 479-97; Diane Nahl and Carol Tenopir, "Affective and Cognitive Searching Behavior of Novice End-Users of a Full-Text Data" base," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Apr. 1996): 276-86; Amanda Spink, "Multiple Search Session Model of End-User Behavior: An Exploratory Study," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (Aug. 1996): 603-09; and Stephen Walker and Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, OKAPI at City: An Evaluation Facility for Interactive IR. British Library Research Report No. 6056 (London: British Library, 1991).
20. Marcia J. Bates, "The Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search Interface," Online Review 13 (Oct. 1989): 407-24; and Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?"
21. Marcia J. Bates, "The Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search Interface," Online Review 13 (Oct. 1989): 407-24; and Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?"
22. Bryce Allen, "Topic Knowledge and Online Catalog Search Formulation," Library Quarterly 61 (Apr. 1991): 188-213.
23. Joseph R. Matthews, Gary S. Lawrence, and Douglas K. Ferguson, Using Online Catalogs: A Nationwide Survey, A Report of a Study Sponsored by The Council on Library Resources (New York: Neal-Schuman, 1983); and Karen Markey, "Users and the Online Catalog: Subject Access Problems," in The Impact of Online Catalogs, ed. by Joseph R. Matthews (New York: Neal-Schuman, 1986), 35-69.
24. Joseph R. Matthews, Gary S. Lawrence, and Douglas K. Ferguson, Using Online Catalogs: A Nationwide Survey, A Report of a Study Sponsored by The Council on Library Resources (New York: Neal-Schuman, 1983); and Karen Markey, "Users and the Online Catalog: Subject Access Problems," in The Impact of Online Catalogs, ed. by Joseph R. Matthews (New York: Neal-Schuman, 1986), 35-69.
25. William H. Mischo and Jounghyoun Lee, "End-user Searching of Bibliographic Databases," in Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 22 (White Plains, N.Y: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1987), 227-63; Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, "User Friendliness and Human-Computer Interaction in Online Library Catalogues," Program 26, no. 1 (1992): 29-37.
26. William H. Mischo and Jounghyoun Lee, "End-user Searching of Bibliographic Databases," in Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 22 (White Plains, N.Y: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1987), 227-63; Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, "User Friendliness and Human-Computer Interaction in Online Library Catalogues," Program 26, no. 1 (1992): 29-37.
27. Marcia J. Bates, "The Fallacy of the Perfect Thirty-Item Online Search," RQ 24 (Fall 1984): 43-50; Bates, "The Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search Interface"; and Charles R. Hildreth, Online Catalog Design Models: Are We Moving in the Right Direction? (Washington, D.C.: Council on Library Resources, 1995).
28. Marcia J. Bates, "The Fallacy of the Perfect Thirty-Item Online Search," RQ 24 (Fall 1984): 43-50; Bates, "The Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search Interface"; and Charles R. Hildreth, Online Catalog Design Models: Are We Moving in the Right Direction? (Washington, D.C.: Council on Library Resources, 1995).
29. Marcia J. Bates, "The Fallacy of the Perfect Thirty-Item Online Search," RQ 24 (Fall 1984): 43-50; Bates, "The Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques for the Online Search Interface"; and Charles R. Hildreth, Online Catalog Design Models: Are We Moving in the Right Direction? (Washington, D.C.: Council on Library Resources, 1995).
30. Charles R. Hildreth, "The GUI OPAC: Approach With Caution," Public Access Computer Systems Review 6, no. 5 (1995) (http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v6/n5/hild6n5.html).
31. John Aanonson, "A Comparison of Keyword Subject Searching on Six British University Opacs," Online Review 11 (October 1987): 303-13; and Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, "A Comparative Transaction Log Analysis of Browsing and Search Formulation in Online Catalogs," Program 27 (July 1993): 269-80.
32. John Aanonson, "A Comparison of Keyword Subject Searching on Six British University Opacs," Online Review 11 (October 1987): 303-13; and Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, "A Comparative Transaction Log Analysis of Browsing and Search Formulation in Online Catalogs," Program 27 (July 1993): 269-80.
33. Melvon L. Ankeny, "Evaluating End-User Services: Success or Satisfaction?" The Journal of Academic Librarianship 16 (Jan. 1991): 352-56; Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, Margaret Fieldhouse, and Thien Do, "An Evaluation of Interactive Query Expansion in an Online Library Catalogue with a Graphical User Interface," Journal of Documentation 51 (Sept. 1995): 225-43; Michael E. Keen, "Designing and Testing an Interactive Ranked Retrieval System for Professional Searchers," Journal of Information Science 20, no. 6 (1994): 389-98; Michael K. Buckland, "Agenda for Online Catalog Designers," Information Technology and Libraries 11 (June 1992): 157-162; Raya Fidel, "Moves in Online Searching," Online Review 9 (Feb. 1985): 61-74; and Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs."
34. Melvon L. Ankeny, "Evaluating End-User Services: Success or Satisfaction?" The Journal of Academic Librarianship 16 (Jan. 1991): 352-56; Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, Margaret Fieldhouse, and Thien Do, "An Evaluation of Interactive Query Expansion in an Online Library Catalogue with a Graphical User Interface," Journal of Documentation 51 (Sept. 1995): 225-43; Michael E. Keen, "Designing and Testing an Interactive Ranked Retrieval System for Professional Searchers," Journal of Information Science 20, no. 6 (1994): 389-98; Michael K. Buckland, "Agenda for Online Catalog Designers," Information Technology and Libraries 11 (June 1992): 157-162; Raya Fidel, "Moves in Online Searching," Online Review 9 (Feb. 1985): 61-74; and Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs."
35. Melvon L. Ankeny, "Evaluating End-User Services: Success or Satisfaction?" The Journal of Academic Librarianship 16 (Jan. 1991): 352-56; Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, Margaret Fieldhouse, and Thien Do, "An Evaluation of Interactive Query Expansion in an Online Library Catalogue with a Graphical User Interface," Journal of Documentation 51 (Sept. 1995): 225-43; Michael E. Keen, "Designing and Testing an Interactive Ranked Retrieval System for Professional Searchers," Journal of Information Science 20, no. 6 (1994): 389-98; Michael K. Buckland, "Agenda for Online Catalog Designers," Information Technology and Libraries 11 (June 1992): 157-162; Raya Fidel, "Moves in Online Searching," Online Review 9 (Feb. 1985): 61-74; and Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs."
36. Melvon L. Ankeny, "Evaluating End-User Services: Success or Satisfaction?" The Journal of Academic Librarianship 16 (Jan. 1991): 352-56; Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, Margaret Fieldhouse, and Thien Do, "An Evaluation of Interactive Query Expansion in an Online Library Catalogue with a Graphical User Interface," Journal of Documentation 51 (Sept. 1995): 225-43; Michael E. Keen, "Designing and Testing an Interactive Ranked Retrieval System for Professional Searchers," Journal of Information Science 20, no. 6 (1994): 389-98; Michael K. Buckland, "Agenda for Online Catalog Designers," Information Technology and Libraries 11 (June 1992): 157-162; Raya Fidel, "Moves in Online Searching," Online Review 9 (Feb. 1985): 61-74; and Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs."
37. Melvon L. Ankeny, "Evaluating End-User Services: Success or Satisfaction?" The Journal of Academic Librarianship 16 (Jan. 1991): 352-56; Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, Margaret Fieldhouse, and Thien Do, "An Evaluation of Interactive Query Expansion in an Online Library Catalogue with a Graphical User Interface," Journal of Documentation 51 (Sept. 1995): 225-43; Michael E. Keen, "Designing and Testing an Interactive Ranked Retrieval System for Professional Searchers," Journal of Information Science 20, no. 6 (1994): 389-98; Michael K. Buckland, "Agenda for Online Catalog Designers," Information Technology and Libraries 11 (June 1992): 157-162; Raya Fidel, "Moves in Online Searching," Online Review 9 (Feb. 1985): 61-74; and Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs."
38. Melvon L. Ankeny, "Evaluating End-User Services: Success or Satisfaction?" The Journal of Academic Librarianship 16 (Jan. 1991): 352-56; Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, Margaret Fieldhouse, and Thien Do, "An Evaluation of Interactive Query Expansion in an Online Library Catalogue with a Graphical User Interface," Journal of Documentation 51 (Sept. 1995): 225-43; Michael E. Keen, "Designing and Testing an Interactive Ranked Retrieval System for Professional Searchers," Journal of Information Science 20, no. 6 (1994): 389-98; Michael K. Buckland, "Agenda for Online Catalog Designers," Information Technology and Libraries 11 (June 1992): 157-162; Raya Fidel, "Moves in Online Searching," Online Review 9 (Feb. 1985): 61-74; and Connell, "Subject Searching in Online Catalogs."
39. Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?" 501.
40. Gerry Salton, "The Use of Extended Boolean Logic in Information Retrieval," in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the ACM SIGMOD, Boston, MA, 18-21 June 1984. SIGMOD Record 14 (1984): 277-85; Hildreth, Online Catalog Design Models: Are We Moving in the Right Direction?; and Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?"
41. Gerry Salton, "The Use of Extended Boolean Logic in Information Retrieval," in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the ACM SIGMOD, Boston, MA, 18-21 June 1984. SIGMOD Record 14 (1984): 277-85; Hildreth, Online Catalog Design Models: Are We Moving in the Right Direction?; and Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?"
42. Gerry Salton, "The Use of Extended Boolean Logic in Information Retrieval," in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the ACM SIGMOD, Boston, MA, 18-21 June 1984. SIGMOD Record 14 (1984): 277-85; Hildreth, Online Catalog Design Models: Are We Moving in the Right Direction?; and Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?"
43. Gerry Salton, "The Use of Extended Boolean Logic in Information Retrieval," in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the ACM SIGMOD, Boston, MA, 18-21 June 1984. SIGMOD Record 14 (1984): 277-85; Hildreth, Online Catalog Design Models: Are We Moving in the Right Direction?; and Borgman, "Why Are Online Catalogs Still Hard to Use?"