Balancing state and society: The islamic movement in Kuwait

Middle East Policy

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 58-72

  Ghabra, Shafeeq N ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031501189     PISSN: 10611924     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4967.1997.tb00264.x     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. State of Kuwait, Ministry of Planning, Central Statistical Office, Statistical Review, 1994, issue 17.
2. See Jill Crystal, Kuwait: The Transformation of an Oil State (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992), pp. 65-89.
3. In 1988, out of a work force of 115,000 people, 103,000 worked in the government sector and 10,000 in the private sector. Statistical Review, 1994, issue 17.
4. Khaldun al-Nuqib, Al-Mujatama' wal dawlahfi al-Khalij wal Jazirah al-Arabiyya: min manzur mukhtalif (State and Society in the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula: A different Perspective [Beriut: Center of Arab Unity Studies, 1989]), p. 152.
5. Andrew Cox and Noel O'Sullivan, eds., The Corporate State: Corporatism and the State Tradition in Western Europe (Hants, England: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 1988).
6. On these concepts, See Robert Bianchi, Interest Groups and Political Development in Turkey (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984).
7. Shafeeq Ghabra, "Voluntary Associations in Kuwait: Foundations of a New Society?" Middle East Journal, Vol. 45, No. 2 (Spring 1991), pp. 199-215.
8. Ibid., p. 206.
9. See Jam'iyyat al-Islah al-Ijtimaa'i: 25 'Aman min al Ta'sis (The Social Reform Society: 25 Years Since Its Establishment [Kuwait: The Social Reform Society, 1988]), pp. 11-39.
10. See Ghabra, "Voluntary Associations in Kuwait" pp. 199-215.
11. See ibid., pp. 206-11.
12. See James Bill, "Resurgent Islam in the Persian Gulf," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 63, No. 1 (Fall 1984), p. 120.
13. Sawt al-Khalij, March 5, 1981, p. 12.
14. See interview with Abdullah al-Mutawwa, chairman of the Social Reform Society and one of the founders of the Muslim Brothers in Kuwait, al-Mujtama Weekly Magazine (Kuwait), December 15, 1981.
15. Based on a review of the school curriculum and on several interviews with teachers and members of the Kuwait Ministry of Education, spring 1994.
16. Discussion with Hasan al-Ibrahim, former Kuwaiti minister of education, spring 1994.
17. Comparisons between television programs in the 1980s and today reveal many differences. Today, although such pressures remain, they can be challenged.
18. On the previous dearth of organizational skills in Arab mass politics, see James Bill and Robert Springborg, Politics in the Middle East, 3rd ed. (New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1990), p. 89.
19. Shafeeq Ghabra, Al-Kuwayt: Dirasah fi aliyyat al-dawlah al-qutriyyah wal sultah wal mujtama (Kuwait: A study of the dynamics of state, authority, and society [Cairo: Dar Ibn Khaldun for Developmental Studies and Dar al-Amin lil-Nashr, 1995]), pp. 53-60.
20. Muhammad Jabir al-Ansari, Takwin al-Arab al-siyasi wa maghzah al-dawlah al-qutriyya (Arab political formation and the meaning of the state [Beirut: Center of Arab Unity Studies, 1994]).
21. See al-Qabas, March 6, 1993, for the story of a Shia child denied the right to pray in school.
22. Muhammad Said al-Ishmawi, al-Islam al-siyyasi (Political Islam, 3rd ed. [Cairo: Sina lil Nashr, 1992]), p. 59.
23. Al-Qabas, August 31, 1991.
24. Ibid.
25. Majalat al-Majalah (London), August 14, 1993.
26. Al-Anba, December 21, 1991.
27. Al-Mujtama, June 7, 1992.
28. Najib al-Waqayyan, a lawyer, quoted in al-Anba, December 22, 1991.
29. On the 1992 elections, see Shafeeq Ghabra, "Democratization in a Middle Eastern State: Kuwait, 1993," Middle East Policy, Vol.3, No. 1 (1994), pp. 102-19.
30. Arab Times, October 27, 1993, p. 1.
31. From the original draft of the proposed law as published in al-Anba, March 1, 1993.
32. Al-Qabas, March 14, 1993.
33. Al-Mujtama, March 23, 1993.
34. Al-Siyasah, March 14, 1993.
35. See the column of Abdul Rahman al-Najjar, al-Anba, March 12, 1993.
36. Al-Watan, March 18, 1993.
37. "Salah al-Hasihm" (The honeymoon is over), al-Qabas, March 18, 1993.
38. Al-Qabas, March 4, 1993; al-Taliah, March 10, 1993; Sami Abud al Latif al-Nisif, al-Qabas, April 7, 1993, p. 11; Abdul Rahman al-Najjar, al-Anba, March 12, 1993; al-Siyasah, March 20, 1993.
39. Al-Qabas, March 4, 1993; al-Taliah, March 10, 1993; Sami Abud al Latif al-Nisif, al-Qabas, April 7, 1993, p. 11; Abdul Rahman al-Najjar, al-Anba, March 12, 1993; al-Siyasah, March 20, 1993.
40. Al-Qabas, March 4, 1993; al-Taliah, March 10, 1993; Sami Abud al Latif al-Nisif, al-Qabas, April 7, 1993, p. 11; Abdul Rahman al-Najjar, al-Anba, March 12, 1993; al-Siyasah, March 20, 1993.
41. Al-Qabas, March 4, 1993; al-Taliah, March 10, 1993; Sami Abud al Latif al-Nisif, al-Qabas, April 7, 1993, p. 11; Abdul Rahman al-Najjar, al-Anba, March 12, 1993; al-Siyasah, March 20, 1993.
42. Al-Qabas, March 4, 1993; al-Taliah, March 10, 1993; Sami Abud al Latif al-Nisif, al-Qabas, April 7, 1993, p. 11; Abdul Rahman al-Najjar, al-Anba, March 12, 1993; al-Siyasah, March 20, 1993.
43. Al-Watan, December 6, 1992, p. 1.
44. Arab Times, August 31, 1993; "MPs Seek Constitutional Change to Islamise Law," Arab Times, August 27, 1993, p. 1.
45. Arab Times, August 31, 1993; "MPs Seek Constitutional Change to Islamise Law," Arab Times, August 27, 1993, p. 1.
46. "Surprises in the Elections...," al-Qabas, October 8, 1996, p. 1.
47. "The Islamists control half the seats in Parliament," al-watan al-Arabi (weekly), October 18, 1996, p. 18.
48. "37 Members Seek Constitutional Change," al-Siyyasah, January 23, 1997, p. 5.
49. Al-Qabas, December 25, 1996, p. 1; December 29, p. 7.
50. Al-Qabas, December 25, 1996, p. 1; December 29, p. 7.
51. Interview with Alya Shuayb in al-Hadath (monthly), November 1996, pp. 22-24.
52. Interview with Ahmad Baghdadi, al-Shulah (student monthly), July 1996; interview with Sulaiman al-Badir, al-Anba (daily), December 10, 1996.
53. Interview with Ahmad Baghdadi, al-Shulah (student monthly), July 1996; interview with Sulaiman al-Badir, al-Anba (daily), December 10, 1996.
54. Al-Siyyasah, January 2, 1997, p. 1.
55. Al-Anba, December 21, 1991.
56. Muhammad Shahrur, al-Kitab wal Quran (The Book and the Quran, 3rd ed. [Beirut: Sharikat al-Matbuat lil Tawzi Wal Nashr, 1993]).
57. Al-Watan (daily), July 30, 1995; al-Qabas, July 30, 1995, p. 9.
58. Al-Watan (daily), July 30, 1995; al-Qabas, July 30, 1995, p. 9.
59. Ghabra, Al-Kuwayt, pp. 221-41.