Information gathering : Hypothesis confirmation paradigm;Recherche d'information partie i: «Le paradigme de la confirmation d'hypothèse»

Annee Psychologique

Volumn 97, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 293-314

  Dardenne, Benoît ^a   Leyens, Jacques Philippe ^a   Yzerbyt, Vincent Y ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Hypotheses confirmation; Information gathering; Social cognition

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031482816     PISSN: 00035033     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3406/psy.1997.28955     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Ajzen I. - (1977) Intuitive theories of events and the effects of base rate information on prediction, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 303-314.
2. Andersen S. M., Klatzky R. L. - (1987) Traits and social stereotypes: Levels of categorisation in person perception, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 53, 235-246.
3. Andersen S. M., Klatzky R. L., Murray J. - (1990) Traits and social stereotypes : Efficiency differences in social information processing, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 59, 192-201.
4. Anderson C. A., Lepper M. R., Ross L. - (1980) Perseverance of social theories: The role of explanation in the persistence of discredited information, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1037-1049.
5. Arkin R. M., Baumgardner A. H. - (1985) Self-handicaping, in J H. Harvey et G. Weary (Édit.), Attribution: Basic issues and applications, New York, Academic Press, 169-202
6. Bassok M., Trope Y. - (1984) People's strategies for testing hypotheses about another's personality: Confirmatory or diagnostic?, Social Cognition, 2 199-216.
7. Bruner J. S., Goodnow J. J., Austin G. A. - (1956) A study of thinking, New York, Wiley.
8. Cantor N., Mischel W. - (1979) Prototypes in person perception, in L. Berkowitz (Édit.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 12, New York, Academic Press, 3-52.
9. Clark H. H., Chase W. G. - (1972) On the process of comparing sentences against pictures. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 475-517.
10. Coovert M. D., Reeder G. D. - (1990) Negativity effects in impression formation : The role of unit formation and schematic expectations, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 49-62.
11. Curtis R. C., Miller K. - (1986) Believing another likes or dislikes you: Behaviors making the beliefs come true, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 51, 284-290.
12. Darley J. M., Fazio R. H. - (1980) Expectancy confirmation processes arising in the social interaction sequence, American Psychologist, 35, 867-881.
13. Devine P. G., Hirt E. R., Gehrke E. M. - (1990) Diagnostic and confirmation strategies in trait hypothesis testing, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 952-963.
14. Doherty M. E., Mynatt C. R., Tweney R. D., Schiavo M. D. - (1979) Pseudodiagnosticity, Acta Psychologica, 43, 111-121.
15. Evans J. St. B. T. - (1990) Biais in human reasoning: Causes and consequences, Hillsdale (NJ), Erlbaum.
16. Fazio R. H., Effrein E. A., Falender V. J. - (1981) Self perceptions following social interaction, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 232-242.
17. Fischhoff B., Beyth-Marom R. - (1983) Hypothesis evaluation from a Bayesian perspective, Psychological Review, 90, 239-260.
18. Fiske S. T. - (1980) Attention and weight in person perception: The impact of negative and extreme behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 889-906.
19. e éd., New York, McGraw-Hill.
20. Funder D. C., Dobroth K. M. - (1987) Differences between traits: Properties associated with interjudge agreement, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 409-418.
21. e éd., New York, Random House.
22. Gorman M. E., Stafford A., Gorman, M. E. - (1987) Disconfirmation and dual hypothesis on a more difficult version of Wason's 2-4-6 task, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39, 1-28.
23. Hampson S. E. - (1983) Trait ascription and depth of acquaintance: The preference for traits in personality descriptions and its relation to target familiarity, Journal of Research in Personality, 17, 398-411.
24. Higgins E. T., Bargh J. A. - (1987) Social cognition and social perception, in M. R. Rosenzweig et L. W. Porter (Édit.), Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 38, Palo Alto (CA), Annual Reviews, 369-425.
25. Hilton J. L., Darley J. M. - (1985) Constructing other persons: A limit on the effect, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 1-18.
26. Hodgins H. S., Zuckerman M. - (1993) Beyond selecting information: Biases in spontaneous questions and resultant conclusions, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 387-407.
27. Hovland C. I., Weis W. - (1953) Transmission of information concerning concepts through positive and negative instances, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45, 178-182.
28. Jussim L. - (1986) Self fulfilling prophecies: A theoretical and integrative review, Psychological Review, 93, 429-445.
29. Jussim L. - (1991) Social perception and social reality: A reflection-construction model. Psychological Review, 98, 54-73.
30. Kahneman D., Tversky A. - (1973) On the psychology of prediction, Psychological Review, 80, 237-251.
31. Klahr D., Dunbar K. - (1988) Dual space search during scientific reasoning, Cognitive Science, 12, 1-48.
32. Klar Y. - (1990) Linking structures and sensitivity to judgment-relevant information in statistical and logical reasoning task, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 841-858.
33. Klar Y. - (1991) Logical, statistical, and causal reasoning: Compartmentalized or generic processes?, in W. Stroebe et M. Hewstone (Édit.), European Review of Social Psychology, vol. 2, New York, Wiley, 117-164.
34. Klayman J., Ha Y. - (1987) Confirmation, disconfirmation and information in hypothesis testing, Psychological Review, 94, 211-228.
35. Klayman J., Ha Y. - (1989) Hypothesis testing in rule discovery: Strategy, structure, and content, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 596-604.
36. Koriat A., Lichtenstein S., Fischhoff B. - (1980) Reasons for confidence, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 107-118.
37. Leyens J.-Ph. (1983) Sommes-nous tous des psychologues? Approche psychosociale des théories implicites de personnalité, Bruxelles, Mardaga.
38. Leyens J.-Ph. (1989) Another look at confirmatory strategies during a real interview, European Journal of Social Psychology, 19, 255-262.
39. Leyens J.-Ph., Dardenne B. - (1994) La perception et connaissance d'autrui, in M. Richelle, J. Requin et M. Robert (Édit.), Traité de psychologie expérimentale, vol. 2, Paris, PUF, 81-132.
40. Leyens J.-Ph., Marie M. L. - (1990) Intuitive personality testing: Goals and types of questions makes the difference in interviews, Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 2, 425-440.
41. Leyens J.-Ph., Dardenne B., Fiske S. T. - (1997) Is hypothesis confirmation used and useful? (soumis pour publication).
42. Meertens R. W., Koomen W., Delpeut A. P., Hager G. A. - (1984) Effects of hypothesis and assigned task on question selection strategies, European Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 369-378.
43. Merton R. K. - (1948) The self-fulfilling prophecy, Antioch Review, 8, 193-210.
44. Miller D. T., Turnbull W. - (1986) Expectancies and interpersonal processes, in M. R. Rosenzweig et L. W. Porter (Édit.), Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 37, Palo Alto (CA), Annual Reviews, 233-256.
45. Nisbett R. E., Ross L. - (1980) Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment, Englewood-Cliffs (NJ), Prentice-Hall.
46. Park B. - (1986) A method for studying the development of impressions of real people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 007-917.
47. Peeters G., Czapinski J. - (1990) Positive-negative asymmetry in evaluations: The distinction between affective and informational negativity effects, in W. Stroebe et M. Hewsthone (Édit.), European Review of Social Psychology, vol. 1, New York, Wiley, 33-60.
48. Pelham B. W. - (1991) On confidence and consequence: The certainty and importance of self-knowledge, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 518-530.
49. Popper K. R. - (1959) The logic of scientific discovery, Londres, Hutchinson.
50. Pyszczynski T. A., Greenberg J. - (1987) Toward and integration of cognitive and motivational perspectives on social inference: A biased hypothesis-testing model, in L. Berkowitz (Édit.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 21, New York, Academic Press, 297-340.
51. Reeder G. D. - (1985) Implicit relations between dispositions and behaviors: Effects on dispositional attribution, in J. H. Harvey et G. Weary (Édit.), Attribution: Basics and applications, New York, Academic Press, 87-116.
52. Reeder G. D., Brewer M. B. - (1979) A schematic model of dispositional attribution in interpersonal perception, Psychological Review, 86, 61-79.
53. Rothbart M., Park B. - (1986) On the confirmability and disconfirmability of trait concepts, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 131-142.
54. Semin G. R., Strack F. - (1980) The plausibility of the implausible: A critique of Snyder and Swann (1978), European Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 379-388.
55. Shaklee H., Fischhoff B. - (1982) Strategies of information search in causal analysis, Memory Cognition, 10, 520-530.
56. Sherman S. J., Corty E. - (1984) Cognitive heuristics, in R. S. Wyer et T. K. Srull (Édit.), Handbook of social cognition, vol. 1, Hillsdale (NJ), Erlbaum, 189-286.
57. Sherman S. J., Judd C. M., Park B. - (1989) Social cognition, in M. R. Rosenzweig et L. W. Porter (Édit.), Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 40, Palo Alto (CA), Annual Reviews, 281-326.
58. Shrauger J. S. - (1975) Responses to evaluation as a function of initial self-perceptions, Psychological Bulletin, 82, 581-596.
59. Simon H. A. - (1955) A behavioral model of rational choice, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69, 99-118.
60. Simon H. A. - (1956) Rational choice and the structure of the environment, Psychological Review, 63, 129-138.
61. Skov R. B., Sherman S. J. - (1986) Information-gathering processes: Diagnosticity, hypothesis confirmatory strategies, and perceived hypothesis confirmation, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 93-121.
62. Skowronski J. J., Carlston D. E. - (1989) Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation: A review of explanations, Psychological Bulletin, 105, 131-142.
63. Snyder M. - (1981) Seek and ye shall find: Testing hypotheses about other people, in E. T. Higgins, C. P. Herman et M. P. Zanna (Édit.), Social cognition: The Ontario symposium on personality and social psychology, vol. 1, Hillsdale (NJ), Erlbaum, 277-303.
64. Snyder M., Campbell B. H. - (1980) Testing hypotheses about other people: The role of the hypothesis, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 421-426.
65. Snyder M., Gangestad S. - (1981) Hypothesis-testing processes, in J. H. Harvey, W. J. Ickes et R. F. Kidd (Édit.), New directions in attribution research, vol. 3, Hillsdale (NJ), Erlbaum, 171-198.
66. Snyder, M., Swann, W. B. - (1978 a) Behavioral confirmation in social interaction: From social perception to social reality, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 193-211.
67. Snyder M., Swann W. B. - (1978 b) Hypothesis testing processes in social interaction, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1202-1212.
68. Snyder M., Campbell B., Preston, E. - (1982) Testing hypothesis about human nature: Assessing the accuracy of social stereotypes, Social Cognition, 1, 256-272.
69. Stangor C., Ruble D. N. - (1989) Strength of expectancies and memory for social information: What we remember depends on how much we know, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 18-35.
70. Strohmer D. C., Moilanen D. L., Barry L. J. - (1988) Personal hypothesis testing: The role of consistency and self-schema, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35, 56-65.
71. Strohmer D. C., Newman L. J. - (1983) Counselor hypothesis-testing strategies, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 557-565.
72. Strube M. J., Roemmele L. A. - (1985) Self-enfancement, self-assessment, and self-evaluative task choice, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 981-993.
73. Swann W. B. - (1984) Quest for accuracy in person perception: A matter of pragmatics. Psychological Review, 91, 457-477.
74. Swann W. B. - (1987) Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1038-1051.
75. Swann W. B. - (1990) To be know or to be adored. The interplay of self-enhancement and self-verification, in E. T. Higgins et R. M. Sorrentino (Édit.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior, vol. 2, New York, Guilford Press, 408-448.
76. Swann W. B., Ely R. - (1984) Self-verification versus behavioral confirmation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1287-1302.
77. Swann W. B., Giuliano T. - (1987) Confirmatory search strategies in social interaction: How, when, why, and with what consequences, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5, 511-524.
78. Swann W. B., Hill C. A. - (1982) When our identities are mistaken: Reaffirming self-conceptions through social interaction, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 59-66.
79. Swann W. B., Read S. J. - (1981 a) Acquiring self-knowledge: The search for feedback that fits, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 39-44.
80. Swann W. B., Read S. J. - (1981 b) Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 351-370.
81. Swann W. B., Snyder M. - (1980) On translating beliefs into action: Theories of ability and their implication in an instructionnal setting, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 879-888.
82. Swann W. B., Giulano T., Wegner D. M. - (1982) Where leading questions can lead: The power of conjecture in social interaction, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 1025-1035.
83. Taylor S. E. - (1991) Asymetrical effects of positive and negative events: The mobilization-minimization hypothesis, Psychological Bulletin, 110, 67-85.
84. Tesser A. - (1988) Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior, in L. Berkowitz (Édit.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 21, New York, Academic Press, 181-227.
85. Trope Y. - (1979) Uncertainty-reducing properties of achievement tasks, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1505-1518
86. Trope Y. - (1986) Identification and inferential processes in dispositional attribution, Psychological Review, 93, 239-257.
87. Trope Y., Bassok M. - (1982) Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 22-34.
88. Trope Y., Bassok M - (1983) Information gathering strategies in hypothesis testing, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 560-576.
89. Trope Y., Bassok M., Allon E. - (1984) The questions lay interviewers ask, Journal of Personality, 52, 90-106.
90. Tukey D. D. - (1986) A philosophical and empirical analysis of subject's modes of inquiry in Wason's 2-4-6 task, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 5-33.
91. Tversky A., Kahneman D. - (1973) Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability, Cognitive Psychology, 5, 207-232.
92. Tversky A., Kahneman D. - (1977) Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biaises, in P. N. Johnson-Laird et P. C. Wason (Édit.). Thinking: Readings in cognitive science, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 326-337.
93. Uleman J. S., Bargh J. A. (Édit.). (1989) Unintended thought: Limits of awareness, intention, and control, New York, Guilford.
94. Van Avermaet E. - (1988) Testing hypothesis about other people: Confirmatory and diagnostic strategies, Communication and Cognition, 21, 179-189.
95. Wason P. C. - (1960) On the failure to eliminate hypothese in a conceptual task, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 129-140.
96. Wason P. C. - (1966) Reasoning, in B. M. Foss (Édit.), New horizons in psychology I, Harmondsworth, Penguin.