When misery loves categorical company: Accessibility of the individual self as a moderator in category-based representation of attractive and unattractive in-groups

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 23, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 1254-1264

  Simon, Bernd ^a   Hastedt, Claudia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031478915     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/01461672972312003     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Apfelbaum, E. (1979). Relations of domination and movements for liberation: An analysis of power between groups. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 188-204). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
2. Beck, U. (1994). Jenseits von Stand und Klasse? [Beyond class?]. In U. Beck & E. Beck-Gernsheim (Eds.), Riskante Freiheiten [Risky freedoms] (pp. 43-60). Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
3. Blanz, M., Mummendey, A., & Otten, S. (1995). Perceptions of relative group size and group status: Effects on intergroup discrimination in negative evaluations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 231-247.
4. Brewer, M. B., Weber, J. G., & Carini, B. (1995). Person memory in intergroup contexts: Categorization versus individuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(1), 29-40.
5. Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in the reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 366-375.
6. Cialdini, R. B., & Richardson, K. D. (1980). Two indirect tactics of image management: Basking and blasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 406-415.
7. Diehl, M. (1990). The minimal group paradigm: Theoretical explanations and empirical findings. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 263-292). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
8. Doosje, B., Ellemers, N., & Spears, R. (1995). Perceived intragroup variability as a function of group status and identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 410-436.
9. Ellemers, N. (1993). The influence of socio-structural variables on identity management strategies. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (pp. 27-57). Chichester: Wiley.
10. Ellemers, N., Doosje, B., van Knippenberg, A., & Wilke, H. (1992). Status protection in high status minority groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 123-140.
11. Ellemers, N., van Knippenberg, A., de Vries, N., & Wilke, H. (1988). Social identification and permeability of group boundaries. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 497-513.
12. Esser, H. (1988). Ethnische Differenzierung und moderne Gesellschaft [Ethnic differentiation and modern society]. Zeitschrift fü Soziologie, 17, 235-248.
13. Jackson, L. A., Sullivan, L. A., Harnish, R., & Hodge, C. N. (1996). Achieving positive social identity: Social mobility, social creativity, and permeability of group boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 241-254.
14. James, K. (1993). Conceptualizing self with in-group stereotypes: Context and esteem precursors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 117-121.
15. Krueger, J., & Clement, R. W. (1994). Memory-based judgments about multiple categories: A revision and extension of Tajfel's accentuation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 35-47.
16. Linville, P. W. (1985). Self-complexity and affective extremity: Don't put all your eggs in one cognitive basket Social Cognition, 3, 94-120.
17. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
18. Marx, K. (1978). The German ideology/manifest of the Communist Party. In R. C. Tucker (Ed.), The Marx-Engels reader (2nd ed., pp. 469-500). New York: Norton.
19. Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & Turner, J. C. (1994). Stereotyping and social reality. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
20. Oakes, P. J., Turner, J. C., & Haslam, S. A. (1991). Perceiving people as group members: The role of fit in the salience of social categorizations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 125-144.
21. Reicher, S. D., Spears, R., & Postmes, T. (1995). A social identity model of deindividuation phenomena. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 161-198). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
22. Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The false consensus effect: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 279-301.
23. Sachdev, I., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1984). Minimal majorities and minorities. European Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 35-52.
24. Sedikides, C. (1993). Assessment, enhancement, and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 317-338.
25. Sherif, M. (1966). The psychology of social norms. New York: Harper Torchbook.
26. Simmel, G. (1955). The web of group-affiliations (Reinhard Bendix, Trans.). New York: Free Press.
27. Simon, B. (1997). Self and group in modern society: Ten theses on the individual self and the collective self. In R. Spears, P. J. Oakes, N. Ellemers, & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The social psychology of stereotyping and group life (pp. 318-335). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
28. Simon, B. (in press). Individuals, groups, and social change: On the relationship between individual and collective self-interpretations and collective action. In C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. Insko (Eds.), Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
29. Simon, B., & Hamilton, D. L. (1994). Self-stereotyping and social context: The effects of relative ingroup size and ingroup status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 699-711.
30. Simon, B., Mlicki, P., Johnston, L., Caetano, A., Warowicki, M., van Knippenberg, & DeRidder, R. (1990). The effects of ingroup and outgroup homogeneity on ingroup favouritism, stereotyping and overestimation of relative ingroup size. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 519-523.
31. Simon, B., & Mummendey, A. (1990). Perceptions of relative group size and group homogeneity: We are the majority and they are all the same. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 351-356.
32. Simon, B., Pantaleo, G., & Mummendey, A. (1995). Unique individual or interchangeable group member? The accentuation of intragroup differences versus similarities as an indicator of the individual self versus the collective self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 106-119.
33. Stryker, S., & Serpe, R. T. (1982). Commitment, identity salience, and role behavior: Theory and research example. In W. Ickes & E. S. Knowles (Eds.), Personality, roles, and social behavior (pp. 199-218). New York: Springer.
34. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149-178.
35. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
36. Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
37. Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & Ruderman, A. J. (1978). Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 778-793.
38. Tesser, A. (1988). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 181-227). New York: Academic Press.
39. Triandis, H. C. (1989) .The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506-520.
40. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
41. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Turner, P. J., & Smith, P. M. (1984). Failure and defeat as determinants of group cohesiveness. British Joumal of Social Psychology, 23, 97-111.
42. Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & McGarty, C. (1994). Self and collective: Cognition and social context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 454-463.
43. van Knippenberg, A., van Twuyver, M., & Pepels, J. (1994). Factors affecting social categorization processes in memory. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 419-431.
44. Was macht eigentlich Martina Navratilova? [By the way, how is Martina Navratilova?] (1996). Stern, 44, 250.
45. Weber, M. (1978). The disintegration of the household: The rise of the calculative spirit and of the modern capitalist enterprise. In G. Roth & C. Wittich (Eds.), Max Weber: Economy and society (Vol. 1). Berkeley: University of California Press.
46. Wicklund, R. A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1982). Symbolic self-completion. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.