메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 383, 1997, Pages 165-185

African weak states and commercial alliances

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORPORATE ROLE; DEVELOPING REGION; DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY; GEOPOLITICAL STUDY; MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE; PATRONAGE NETWORK; POLITICAL ALLIANCE; POLITICAL AUTHORITY;

EID: 0031474174     PISSN: 00019909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007824     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (82)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 0345210117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sierra Leone - The War Continues
    • Eeban Barlow, Executive Outcomes Executive Director
    • Eeban Barlow, Executive Outcomes Executive Director, in Jim Hooper, 'Sierra Leone - the War Continues', Jane's Intelligence Review, 8, 1 (1996), p. 45. Much of the information in this article was acquired through confidential interviews and field visits.
    • (1996) Jane's Intelligence Review , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 45
    • Hooper, J.1
  • 2
    • 85055310640 scopus 로고
    • Retreat from Africa
    • Marguerite Michaels, 'Retreat from Africa', Foreign Affairs, 72 (1993), p. 95.
    • (1993) Foreign Affairs , vol.72 , pp. 95
    • Michaels, M.1
  • 3
    • 0004352615 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Robert Jackson, Quasi-states (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1990).
    • (1990) Quasi-states
    • Jackson, R.1
  • 5
    • 0003398868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • various issues, (World Bank, Washington, D.C.)
    • World Bank, World Debt Tables [various issues], (World Bank, Washington, D.C.).
    • World Debt Tables
  • 8
    • 6144249469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Bank, Washington, D. C.
    • World Bank, World Debt Tabler, 1996 (World Bank, Washington, D. C., 1996), p. 17.
    • (1996) World Debt Tabler, 1996 , pp. 17
  • 9
  • 10
    • 6144267419 scopus 로고
    • Out of Africa
    • 26 December
    • Peter Beinart, 'Out of Africa', New Republic, 26 December 1994, p. 18.
    • (1994) New Republic , pp. 18
    • Beinart, P.1
  • 11
    • 0007670790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johannesburg, 9 February
    • Mail and Guardian [Johannesburg], 9 February 1996.
    • (1996) Mail and Guardian
  • 12
    • 0011166286 scopus 로고
    • Interview, multilateral creditor official, 6 April 1996; Report No. 13086, 1 June
    • Interview, multilateral creditor official, 6 April 1996; World Bank, 'Mali Public Expenditure Review', Report No. 13086, 1 June 1995.
    • (1995) Mali Public Expenditure Review
  • 13
    • 0003921377 scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, New York
    • World Bank, Adjustment in Africa (Oxford University Press, New York, 1994), pp. 112-3.
    • (1994) Adjustment in Africa , pp. 112-113
  • 14
    • 0003551855 scopus 로고
    • World Bank, Washington, D.C
    • World Bank, Africa Regional Office, Ghana 2000 and Beyond: Setting the stage for accelerated growth (World Bank, Washington, D.C, 1993); Robert Armstrong, Ghana Country Assistance Review (World Bank, Washington, D.C, 1996).
    • (1993) Ghana 2000 and Beyond: Setting the Stage for Accelerated Growth
  • 15
    • 0006486618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Bank, Washington, D.C
    • World Bank, Africa Regional Office, Ghana 2000 and Beyond: Setting the stage for accelerated growth (World Bank, Washington, D.C, 1993); Robert Armstrong, Ghana Country Assistance Review (World Bank, Washington, D.C, 1996).
    • (1996) Ghana Country Assistance Review
    • Armstrong, R.1
  • 16
    • 2342613678 scopus 로고
    • Indigenous Management Practices: Lessons for Africa's Management in the '90s
    • Ismael Serageldin and June Taboroff, eds., World Bank, Washington, D.C
    • Mamadou Dia, 'Indigenous Management Practices: Lessons for Africa's Management in the '90s', in Ismael Serageldin and June Taboroff, eds., Culture and Development in Africa (World Bank, Washington, D.C, 1994), p. 171.
    • (1994) Culture and Development in Africa , pp. 171
    • Dia, M.1
  • 17
    • 0003496625 scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, New York
    • World Bank, World Development Report 1994 (Oxford University Press, New York, 1994), pp. 44-7; World Bank, 'Côte d'Ivoire Private Sector Assessment', Report No. 14112, 1995: Gregory Ingram and Christine Kessides, Finance and Development, 31 (1994), p. 18.
    • (1994) World Development Report 1994 , pp. 44-47
  • 18
    • 84866186061 scopus 로고
    • Report No. 14112
    • World Bank, World Development Report 1994 (Oxford University Press, New York, 1994), pp. 44-7; World Bank, 'Côte d'Ivoire Private Sector Assessment', Report No. 14112, 1995: Gregory Ingram and Christine Kessides, Finance and Development, 31 (1994), p. 18.
    • (1995) Côte d'Ivoire Private Sector Assessment
  • 19
    • 0002161103 scopus 로고
    • World Bank, World Development Report 1994 (Oxford University Press, New York, 1994), pp. 44-7; World Bank, 'Côte d'Ivoire Private Sector Assessment', Report No. 14112, 1995: Gregory Ingram and Christine Kessides, Finance and Development, 31 (1994), p. 18.
    • (1994) Finance and Development , vol.31 , pp. 18
    • Ingram, G.1    Kessides, C.2
  • 22
    • 0343462894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on Sustained Recovery from Economic Disaster in Africa
    • Charles Harvey, ed., Macmillan, London
    • Charles Harvey, 'Constraints on Sustained Recovery from Economic Disaster in Africa' in Charles Harvey, ed., Constraints on the Success of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa (Macmillan, London, 1996), p. 137.
    • (1996) Constraints on the Success of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa , pp. 137
    • Harvey, C.1
  • 23
    • 6144264598 scopus 로고
    • Paris, 22 December
    • Lettre du Continent [Paris], 22 December 1994; Le Soft [Kinshasa], 20 Nov 1995.
    • (1994) Lettre du Continent
  • 24
    • 6144228686 scopus 로고
    • Kinshasa, 20 Nov
    • Lettre du Continent [Paris], 22 December 1994; Le Soft [Kinshasa], 20 Nov 1995.
    • (1995) Le Soft
  • 26
    • 6144278652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview, Washington, D.C., 8 June 1996
    • Interview, Washington, D.C., 8 June 1996.
  • 27
    • 6144231192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Bank, 1996 Debt Tables, vol 1, p. 17.
    • 1996 Debt Tables , vol.1 , pp. 17
  • 28
    • 6144225479 scopus 로고
    • BSL Printer, Freetown, April
    • Bank of Sierra Leone, BSL Bulletin (BSL Printer, Freetown, April 1995), pp. 68-9.
    • (1995) BSL Bulletin , pp. 68-69
  • 29
  • 32
    • 0003888424 scopus 로고
    • 12 August
    • Economist, 12 August 1995, p. 17.
    • (1995) Economist , pp. 17
  • 33
    • 6144261631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview with Durban mining executive, 29 March 1996
    • Interview with Durban mining executive, 29 March 1996.
  • 34
    • 0004254879 scopus 로고
    • Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg
    • William Minter, Apartheid's Contras (Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, 1994) pp. 37-9; Robert Price, The Apartheid State in Crisis (Oxford University Press, New York, 1991), pp. 85-97.
    • (1994) Apartheid's Contras , pp. 37-39
    • Minter, W.1
  • 35
    • 0003952061 scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, New York
    • William Minter, Apartheid's Contras (Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, 1994) pp. 37-9; Robert Price, The Apartheid State in Crisis (Oxford University Press, New York, 1991), pp. 85-97.
    • (1991) The Apartheid State in Crisis , pp. 85-97
    • Price, R.1
  • 38
  • 39
    • 0003888424 scopus 로고
    • 12 August
    • Economist, 12 August 1995, p. 18.
    • (1995) Economist , pp. 18
  • 40
    • 0004255710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, 5 May
    • Daily Telegraph [London], 5 May 1995.
    • (1995) Daily Telegraph
  • 41
    • 6144229474 scopus 로고
    • What Can Africa Expect from a Post Apartheid South Africa?
    • Pretoria
    • Jide Owoeye, 'What Can Africa Expect from a Post Apartheid South Africa?' Africa Insight [Pretoria], 24 (1994), pp. 44-6; Xavier Carim, 'Illegal Migration to South Africa', Africa Insight, 25 (1995), pp. 221-23.
    • (1994) Africa Insight , vol.24 , pp. 44-46
    • Owoeye, J.1
  • 42
    • 0345673288 scopus 로고
    • Illegal Migration to South Africa
    • Jide Owoeye, 'What Can Africa Expect from a Post Apartheid South Africa?' Africa Insight [Pretoria], 24 (1994), pp. 44-6; Xavier Carim, 'Illegal Migration to South Africa', Africa Insight, 25 (1995), pp. 221-23.
    • (1995) Africa Insight , vol.25 , pp. 221-223
    • Carim, X.1
  • 44
    • 0346397168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South Africa's Arms Production and Exports
    • 1995 Oxford University Press, New York
    • Ravinder Pal Singh and Peter Wezeman, 'South Africa's Arms Production and Exports', SIPRI Yearbook, 1995 (Oxford University Press, New York, 1996), p. 576.
    • (1996) SIPRI Yearbook , pp. 576
    • Singh, R.P.1    Wezeman, P.2
  • 45
  • 46
    • 6144225476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economist Intelligence Unit, London
    • Economist Intelligence Unit, South Africa: Country Profile, 1995 (Economist Intelligence Unit, London, 1996), p. 30; Mail and Guardian, 23 February 1996.
    • (1996) South Africa: Country Profile, 1995 , pp. 30
  • 47
    • 0007670790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 23 February
    • Economist Intelligence Unit, South Africa: Country Profile, 1995 (Economist Intelligence Unit, London, 1996), p. 30; Mail and Guardian, 23 February 1996.
    • (1996) Mail and Guardian
  • 48
    • 6144264596 scopus 로고
    • Sierra Leone's Mercenary War Battle for the Diamond Fields
    • Nov
    • Al Venter, 'Sierra Leone's Mercenary War Battle for the Diamond Fields', International Defense Review, Nov 1995.
    • (1995) International Defense Review
    • Venter, A.1
  • 49
    • 84958373550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Insider's Account of the South African Security Forces
    • Role in the Ivory Trade
    • For Cold War versions of commercialised networks, see Ros Reeve and Stephen Ellis, 'An Insider's Account of the South African Security Forces' Role in the Ivory Trade, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 13 (1995), pp. 213-33; Government of South Africa, 'Commission of Inquiry into the Alleged Trade in Ivory and Rhinoceros Horn in South Africa' [Kumleben Commission], January 1996.
    • (1995) Journal of Contemporary African Studies , vol.13 , pp. 213-233
    • Reeve, R.1    Ellis, S.2
  • 50
    • 84958373550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kumleben Commission, January
    • For Cold War versions of commercialised networks, see Ros Reeve and Stephen Ellis, 'An Insider's Account of the South African Security Forces' Role in the Ivory Trade, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 13 (1995), pp. 213-33; Government of South Africa, 'Commission of Inquiry into the Alleged Trade in Ivory and Rhinoceros Horn in South Africa' [Kumleben Commission], January 1996.
    • (1996) Commission of Inquiry into the Alleged Trade in Ivory and Rhinoceros Horn in South Africa
  • 51
    • 84889209506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercenaries Fuel Next Round in Angolan Civil War
    • Al J. Venter, 'Mercenaries Fuel Next Round in Angolan Civil War', International Defense Review, 29 (1996), p. 65.
    • (1996) International Defense Review , vol.29 , pp. 65
    • Venter, A.J.1
  • 52
    • 6144223738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Former Beligerents Ready for Renewed Conflict in Angola
    • John J Ingles le-Nobel, 'Former Beligerents Ready for Renewed Conflict in Angola', Jane's Defense Weekly, 25 (1996), p. 18.
    • (1996) Jane's Defense Weekly , vol.25 , pp. 18
    • Ingles Le-Nobel, J.J.1
  • 54
    • 6144237856 scopus 로고
    • SA Mercenaries' Role Described in MPLA's Changed Battlefield Fortunes
    • 22 April
    • 'SA Mercenaries' Role Described in MPLA's Changed Battlefield Fortunes', Southscan, 9 (22 April 1994), p. 118; 'Angola Peace Talks in Crisis after Furor over SA Mercenaries and Zambia's Secret Aid', Southscan, 9 (29 July 1994), p. 225.
    • (1994) Southscan , vol.9 , pp. 118
  • 55
    • 6144221539 scopus 로고
    • Angola Peace Talks in Crisis after Furor over SA Mercenaries and Zambia's Secret Aid
    • 29 July
    • 'SA Mercenaries' Role Described in MPLA's Changed Battlefield Fortunes', Southscan, 9 (22 April 1994), p. 118; 'Angola Peace Talks in Crisis after Furor over SA Mercenaries and Zambia's Secret Aid', Southscan, 9 (29 July 1994), p. 225.
    • (1994) Southscan , vol.9 , pp. 225
  • 56
    • 6144289123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South African informants; see also Human Rights Watch Arms Project, 'Angola'.
    • Angola
  • 57
    • 6144285616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angola Cancels Specialist Personal Contract
    • 1 January
    • 'Angola Cancels Specialist Personal Contract', Jane's Defense Weekly, 1 January 1996.
    • (1996) Jane's Defense Weekly
  • 58
    • 6144219740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economist Intelligence Unit, London
    • Economist Intelligence Unit, Angola Country Survey 1995 (Economist Intelligence Unit, London, 1996), p. 21.
    • (1996) Angola Country Survey 1995 , pp. 21
  • 60
    • 6144242074 scopus 로고
    • Murders Baffle Russian Industry
    • 8 February
    • 'Murders Baffle Russian Industry', Flight International, 8 February 1995.
    • (1995) Flight International
  • 63
    • 6144275593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview, Durban executive, 14 April 1996
    • Interview, Durban executive, 14 April 1996.
  • 68
    • 0039482220 scopus 로고
    • London, 10 September
    • Observer [London], 10 September 1995.
    • (1995) Observer
  • 69
    • 0004255710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 26 February
    • Daily Telegraph, 26 February 1996; Le Monde du Renseignement, 28 September 1995.
    • (1996) Daily Telegraph
  • 70
    • 6144264594 scopus 로고
    • 28 September
    • Daily Telegraph, 26 February 1996; Le Monde du Renseignement, 28 September 1995.
    • (1995) Le Monde du Renseignement
  • 71
    • 0006850946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 February
    • Observer, 4 February 1996.
    • (1996) Observer
  • 73
    • 6144289995 scopus 로고
    • 21 December
    • Lettre du Continent, 21 December 1995; correspondence with Freetown informant; Observer, 4 February 1996.
    • (1995) Lettre du Continent
  • 74
    • 0006850946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 February
    • Lettre du Continent, 21 December 1995; correspondence with Freetown informant; Observer, 4 February 1996.
    • (1996) Observer
  • 75
    • 6144261629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 April mimeo
    • John Swaray, Governor of the Bank of Sierra Leone, 'Debt Reduction Programme', 4 April 1996 [mimeo]; 'Paris Club Debt Relief Negotiation', BSL Bulletin, 2:2 (1996), p. 42.
    • (1996) Debt Reduction Programme
    • Swaray, J.1
  • 76
    • 6144250630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paris Club Debt Relief Negotiation
    • John Swaray, Governor of the Bank of Sierra Leone, 'Debt Reduction Programme', 4 April 1996 [mimeo]; 'Paris Club Debt Relief Negotiation', BSL Bulletin, 2:2 (1996), p. 42.
    • (1996) BSL Bulletin , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 42
  • 77
    • 6144246491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economist Intelligence Unit, London
    • Economist Intelligence Unit, Sierra Leone Country Survey 1995-96 (Economist Intelligence Unit, London, 1996).
    • (1996) Sierra Leone Country Survey 1995-96
  • 79
    • 6144226975 scopus 로고
    • Not RUF Enough
    • December
    • Al Venter, 'Not RUF Enough', Soldier of Fortune, December 1995, p. 74.
    • (1995) Soldier of Fortune , pp. 74
    • Venter, A.1
  • 81
    • 0004277893 scopus 로고
    • Cornell University Press, Ithaca
    • Michael Doyle, Empires (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1986).
    • (1986) Empires
    • Doyle, M.1
  • 82
    • 6144242077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview with Freetown informant, 4 April 1996; Washington, D.C., 7 April 1996
    • Interview with Freetown informant, 4 April 1996; Washington, D.C., 7 April 1996.
  • 84
    • 0004208034 scopus 로고
    • St Martin's Press, New York
    • Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital and European States, 990-1990AD (Blackwell, New York, 1992); see also Herman Schwartz, States Versus Markets (St Martin's Press, New York, 1994).
    • (1994) States Versus Markets
    • Schwartz, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.