A light-weight CCD camera technique for estimating three-dimensional distribution of foliage density in tree crowns

Ecoscience

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 183-190

  Osawa, Akira ^a   Kurachi, Nahoko ^b  

^a RYUKOKU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b Shiga Medical University   (Japan)

Author keywords

CCD camera; Crown; Estimation; Foliage density; Foliage distribution; Pinus banksiana

Indexed keywords

GOES; PARAGNETINA; PINUS BANKSIANA;

CCD CAMERA; FOLIAGE DENSITY; METHODOLOGY; TREE CROWN;

EID: 0031473942     PISSN: 11956860     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/11956860.1997.11682394     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Aber, J. D., 1979. A method for estimating foliage-height profiles in broad-leaved forests. Journal of Ecology, 67: 35-40.
2. Campbell, G. S. & J. M. Norman, 1989. The description and measurement of plant canopy structure. Pages 1-19 in G. Russell, B. Marshall & P. G. Jarvis (ed.). Plant Canopies: Their Growth, Form and Function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
3. Gower, S. T. & J. M. Norman, 1991. Rapid estimation of leaf area index in conifer and broad-leaf plantations. Ecology, 72: 1896-1900.
4. Grace, J., E. D. Ford & P. G. Jarvis (ed.), 1981. Plants and Their Atmospheric Environment. Blackwell, London.
5. Kira, T., K. Shinozaki & K. Hozumi, 1969. Structure of forest canopies as related to their primary productivity. Plant and Cell Physiology, 10: 129-142.
6. Koike, F., 1985. Reconstruction of two-dimensional tree and forest canopy profiles using photographs. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22: 921-929.
7. Koike, F., 1986. Canopy dynamics estimated from shoot morphology in an evergreen broad-leaved forest. Oecologia, 70: 348-350.
8. Koike, F., 1989. Foliage-crown development and interaction in Quercus gilva and Q. acuta. Journal of Ecology, 77: 92-111.
9. Koike, F. & Syahbuddin, 1993. Canopy structure of a tropical rain forest and the nature of an unstratified upper layer. Functional Ecology, 7:230-235.
10. Kurachi, N., A. Hagihara & K. Hozumi, 1986. Distribution of leaf-and branch-biomass density within a crown of Japanese larch and its relationship to primary production: Analysis by Sainome-cutting. Pages 308-322 in T. Fujimori & D. Whitehead (ed.). Crown and Canopy Structure in Relation to Productivity. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba.
11. LaBarbera, M., 1989. Analyzing body size as a factor in ecology and evolution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20: 97-117.
12. Lang, A. R. G., X. Yueqin & J. M. Norman, 1985. Crop structure and the penetration of direct sunlight. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 35: 83-101.
13. MacArthur, R. H. & H. S. Horn, 1969. Foliage profile by vertical measurements. Ecology, 50: 802-804.
14. Martens, S. N., S. L. Ustin & R. A. Rousseau, 1993. Estimation of tree canopy leaf area index by gap fraction analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 61: 91-108.
15. Monsi, M. & T. Saeki, 1953. Über den Lichtfaktor in den Pflanzengesellschaften und seine Bedeutung für die Stoffproduktion. Japanese Journal of Botany, 14: 22-52.
16. Neter, J., W. Wasserman & M. H. Kutner, 1989. Applied regression models, 2nd ed., Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, Illinois.
17. Norman, J. M. & G. S. Campbell, 1989. Canopy structure. Pages 301-325 in R. W. Pearcy, J. R. Ehleringer, H. A. Mooney & P. W. Rundel (ed.). Plant Physiological Ecology, Field Methods and Instrumentation. Chapman and Hall, London.
18. Norman, J. M. & P. G. Jarvis, 1974. Photosynthesis in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.). III. Measurements of canopy structure and interception of radiation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 11: 375-398.
19. Norman, J. M. & P. G. Jarvis, 1975. Photosynthesis in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.). V. Radiation penetration theory and a test case. Journal of Applied Ecology, 12: 839-878.
20. Oker-Blom, P. & S. Kellomäki, 1981. Light regime and photosynthetic production in the canopy of a Scots pine stand during a prolonged period. Agricultural Meteorology, 24: 185-199.
21. Osawa, A., 1995. Inverse relationship of crown fractal dimension to self-thinning exponent of tree populations: A hypothesis. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 25: 1608-1617.
22. Osawa, A., M. Ishizuka & Y. Kanazawa, 1991. A profile theory of tree growth. Forest Ecology and Management, 41: 33-63.
23. Russell, G., P. J. Jarvis & J. L. Monteith, 1989. Absorption of radiation by canopies and stand growth. Pages 21-39 in G. Russell, B. Marshall & P. G. Jarvis (ed.). Plant Canopies: Their Growth, Form and Function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24. Shinozaki, K., 1962. Logistic theory of plant growth. Dissertation, Kyoto University, Kyoto (in Japanese).
25. Sumida, A., 1993. Growth of tree species in a broadleaved secondary forest as related to the light environments of crowns. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, 75: 278-286.
26. Wang, Y. S. & D. R. Miller, 1987. Calibration of the hemispherical photographic technique to measure leaf area index distributions in hardwood forests. Forest Science, 33: 210-216.
27. Warren Wilson, J., 1959. Analysis of the spatial distribution of foliage by two-dimensional point quadrats. New Phytologist, 58: 92-101.
28. Warren Wilson, J., 1963. Estimation of foliage denseness and foliage angle by inclined point quadrats. Australian Journal of Botany, 11: 95-105.
29. Whitehead, D., J. C. Grace & M. J. S. Godfrey, 1990. Architectural distribution of foliage in individual Pinus radiata D. Don crowns and the effects of clumping on radiation interception. Tree Physiology, 7: 135-155.