How many birds does it take to put a flock to flight?

Animal Behaviour

Volumn 54, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 1517-1522

  Roberts, Gilbert ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLOCK BEHAVIOUR; FORAGING; SANDERLINGS;

ENGLAND; NORTH YORKSHIRE; REDCAR; UK;

AVES; CALIDRIS ALBA; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CHARADRIIFORMES;

EID: 0031472137     PISSN: 00033472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1997.0544     Document Type: Article

References (15)

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2. Barnard, C. J. & Thompson, D. B. A. 1985. Gulls and Plovers: The Ecology and Behaviour of Mixed-Species Feeding Groups. London: Croom Helm.
3. Caraco, T. 1980. Stochastic dynamics of avian foraging flocks. Am. Nat., 115, 262-275.
4. Davis, J. M. 1975. Socially induced flight reactions in pigeons. Anim. Behav., 23, 597-601.
5. Hamilton, W. D. 1971. Geometry for the selfish herd. J. theor. Biol., 31, 295-311.
6. Krebs, J. R. 1974. Colonial nesting and social feeding as strategies for exploiting food resources in the great blue heron Ardea herodias. Behaviour, 51, 99-131.
7. Lazarus, J. 1972. Natural selection and functions of flocking in birds: a reply to Murton. Ibis, 114, 556-558.
8. Lima, S. L. 1994. Collective detection of predatory attacks by birds in the absence of alarm signals. J. Avian Biol., 25, 319-326.
9. Metcalfe, N. B. 1986. Variation in winter flocking associations and dispersion patterns in the turnstone Arenaria interpres. J. Zool. Lond., 209, 385-403.
10. Murton, R. K. 1971. Why do some bird species feed in flocks? Ibis, 113, 534-536.
11. Pulliam, H. R. & Caraco, T. 1984. Living in groups: is there an optimal group size? In: Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach (Ed. by J. R. Krebs & N. B. Davies), pp. 122-147. Oxford: Blackwell.
12. Roberts, G. 1990. Studies of the flocking behaviour of sanderlings Calidris alba. Ph.D. thesis, University of Durham.
13. Roberts, G. & Evans, P. R. 1993a. Responses of foraging sanderlings to human approaches. Behaviour, 126, 29-43.
14. Roberts, G. & Evans, P. R. 1993b. A method for the detection of non-random associations among flocking birds and its application to sanderlings Calidris alba wintering in N.B. England. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 32, 349-354.
15. Ruxton, G. D. 1996. Group size and anti-predator vigilance: a simple model requiring limited monitoring of other group members. Anim. Behav., 51, 478-481.