The Santaya syndrome II: Problems in reasoning and learning about error

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 73-85

  Feinstein, Alvan R ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DATA ANALYSIS; LEARNING; LOGIC; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0031471143     PISSN: 00315982     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. FEINSTEIN, A. R. The Santayana syndrome I: Errors in getting and interpreting evidence. Perspect. Biol. Med. 41:45-57, 1998.
2. JACOBSON, R. M., and FEINSTEIN, A. R. Oxygen as a cause of blindness in premature infants: "Autopsy" of a decade of errors in clinical epidemiologic research. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 45:1265-1287, 1992.
3. FISHER, B.; ANDERSON, S.; REDMOND, C. K.; et al. Reanalysis and results after 12 years of follow-up in a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy with lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer. New Engl. J. Med. 33:1456-1461, 1995.
4. LUTHY, D. A.; SHY, K. K.; VANBELLE, G.; et al. A randomized trial of electronic fetal monitoring in preterm labor. Obstet. Gynecol. 69:6887-6895, 1987.
5. ABELSON, P. H. Exaggerated risks of chemicals. J. Clin. Epid. 48:173-178, 1995.
6. WILDAVSKY, A. But is it true? A Citizen's Guide to Environmental Health and Safety Issues. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1996.
7. ANGELL, M. Science on Trial: The Clash of Medical Evidence and the Law in the Breast Implant Case. New York: Norton, 1996.
8. HOUK, V. Quoted in Begley, S.; Hager, M.; and Church, V. Can a little be too much? The new debate over dioxin. Newsweek, 21 Sept. 1992. 72.
9. FLEISS, J. L.; and GROSS, A. J. Meta-analysis in epidemiology, with special reference to studies of the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer: A critique. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 44:127-139, 1991.
10. WRIGHT, J. G., and FEINSTEIN, A. R. A comparative contrast of clinimetric and psychometric methods for constructing indexes and rating scales. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 45:1201-1218, 1992.
11. GILL, T. M., and FEINSTEIN, A. R. A critical appraisal of the quality of quality-of-life measurements. JAMA 272:619-626, 1994.
12. LEWIS, S. Arrowsmith. New York: Harcourt, 1924.
13. FEINSTEIN, A. R. Scientific standards in epidemiologic studies of the menace of daily life. Science 242:1257-1263, 1988.
14. CORONARY DRUG PROJECT RESEARCH GROUP. Influence of adherence to treatment and response of cholesterol on mortality in the Coronary Drug Project. N. Engl. J. Med. 303:1038-1041, 1980.
15. TAUBES, G. Epidemiology faces its limits. Science 269:164-169, 1995.
16. GORDIS, L. Assuring the quality of questionnaire data in epidemiologic research. Am. J. Epidemiol. 109:21-24, 1979.
17. UNIVERSITY GROUP DIABETES PROGRAM. A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. Part I: Design, methods, and baseline characteristics. Part II: Mortality results. Diabetes 19(Suppl. 2):747-830, 1970.
18. FEINSTEIN, A. R. Clinical Epidemiology: The Architecture of Clinical Research. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1985. 690-702.
19. MRFIT RESEARCH GROUP. Multiple risk factor intervention trial. JAMA 248: 1465-1477, 1982.
20. SALSBURG, D. Intent to treat: The reductio ad absurdum that became gospel. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Safety 3:329-335, 1994.
21. GOLDMAN, L.; SAYSON, R.; ROBBINS, S.; et al. The value of the autopsy in three medical eras. New Engl. J. Med. 308:1000-1005, 1983.
22. VANDEBROUCKE, J. P., and PARDOEL, V. P. A. M. An autopsy of epidemiologic methods: the case of "poppers" in the early epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Am. J. Epidemiol. 129:455-457, 1989.
23. MAYES, L. C.; HORWITZ, R. I.; and FEINSTEIN, A. R. A collection of 56 topics with contradictory results in case-control research. Int. J. Epidemiol. 17:680-685, 1988.
24. FABER, K. Nosography in Modern Internal Medicine. New York: Paul B. Hoeber, 1923.
25. SHRYOCK, R. H. The Development of Modern Medicine. New York: Hafner, 1969.
26. LUDMERER, K. M. Learning to Heal: The Development of American Medical Education. New York: Basic Books, 1985.
27. ROSENBERG, C. E. Explaining Epidemics, and Other Studies in the History of Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.
28. HOWELL, J. D. Technology in the Hospital: Transforming Patient Care in the Early Twentieth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1955.
29. SKRABANEK, P., and MCCORMICK, J. Follies and Fallacies in Medicine. Glasgow: Tarragon, 1989.
30. BRESSLER, V. A. Errare humanum est (1). SGIM News 17:1, 1994.