Continental scale variability in ecosystem processes: Models, data, and the role of disturbance

Ecological Monographs

Volumn 67, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 251-271

  Schimel, David S ^a,b   Braswell, B H ^a,i   Emanuel, W ^c   Rizzo, B ^c   Smith, T ^c   Woodward, F I ^d   Fisher, H ^a   Kittel, T G F ^a   McKeown, R ^a   Painter, T ^a,j   Rosenbloom, N ^a   Ojima, D S ^b   Parton, W J ^b   Kicklighter, D W ^e   McGuire, A D ^e   Melillo, J M ^e   Pan, Y ^e   Haxeltine, A ^f   Prentice, C ^f   Sitch, S ^f   Hibbard, K ^g   Nemani, R ^g   Pierce, L ^g   Running, S ^g   Borchers, J ^h   Chaney, J ^h   Neilson, R ^h   more..

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^e ECOSYSTEMS CENTER   (United States)

^f LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^g UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^h OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

^j UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Disturbance; Evapotranspiration; Model comparison and validation; Nitrogen mineralization; NPP; Remote sensing; Soil carbon

Indexed keywords

DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; ECOSYSTEM PROCESS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SPATIAL VARIATION; VEMAP;

USA;

EID: 0031469120     PISSN: 00129615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0251:CSVIEP]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Asrar, G., M. Fuchs, E. T. Kanemasu, and J. L. Hatfield. 1984. Estimating absorbed photosynthetic radiation and leaf area index from spectral reflectance in wheat. Agronomy Journal 76:300-306.
2. Bloom, A. J., F. S. Chapin III, and H. A. Mooney. 1985. Resource limitation in plants - an economic analogy. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16:363-393.
3. Burke, I. C., T. G. F. Kittel, W. K. Lauenroth, P. Snook, C. M. Yonker, and W. J. Parton. 1991. Regional analysis of the central Great Plains. BioScience 41:685-692.
4. Burke, I. C., and W. K. Lauenroth. 1993. What do LTER results mean? Extrapolating from site to region and decade to century. Ecological Modelling 67:19-35.
5. Burke, I. C., C. M. Yonker, W. J. Parton, C. V. Cole, K. Flach, and D. S. Schimel. 1989. Texture, climate, and cultivation effects on soil organic matter content in U.S. grassland soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53:800-805.
6. Chapin, F. S., III, A. J. Bloom, C. B. Field, and R. H. Waring. 1987. Plant responses to multiple environmental factors. BioScience 37:49-57.
7. 4 grasses in relation to temperature and soil nitrogen supply. Ecology 63:1277-1284.
8. Daly, C., R. P. Neilson, and D. L. Phillips. 1994. A statistical-topographical model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain. Journal of Applied Meteorology 33:140-158.
9. Davidson, E. A., and I. L. Ackerman. 1993. Changes in soil carbon inventories following cultivation of previously untilled soils. Biogeochemistry 20:161-193.
10. Eddy, A. 1987. Interpolated daily surface data: 1881-1985. Oklahoma Climatological Survey. NCAR dataset DS508.0.
11. Ehleringer, J. R., and C. B. Field, editors. 1993. Scaling physiological processes leaf to globe. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
12. Eisele, K. A., D. S. Schimel, L. A. Kapustka, and W. J. Parton. 1989. Effects of available P and N:P ratios on non-symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in tallgrass prairie soils. Oecologia (Berlin) 79:471-474.
13. Esser, G. 1986. The carbon budget of the biosphere - structure and preliminary results of the Osnabruck Biosphere Model. Ver offentlichungender Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Emden von 1814 7:1-160.
14. 3 species. Planta 149:78-90.
15. Field, C. B. 1991. Ecological scaling of carbon gain to stress and resource availability. Pages 35-65 in H. A. Mooney, W. E. Winner, and E. J. Pell, editors. Response of plants to multiple stresses. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
16. 2. Journal of Geophysical Research 92:2999-3015.
17. Goward, S. N., B. Markham, D. G. Dye, W. Dulaney, and J. Yang. 1991. Normalized difference vegetation index measurements from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Remote Sensing of Environment 35:257-277.
18. Goward, S. N., C. J. Tucker, and D. G. Dye. 1985. North American vegetation patterns observed with the NOAA-7 advanced very high resolution radiometer. Vegetatio 64:3-14.
19. Hibbard, K. 1995. Landscape patterns of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a subtropical savanna: observations and models. Dissertation. Department of Rangeland Ecology and Mangement, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
20. Holdridge, L. R. 1967. Life zone ecology. Tropical Science Center, San Jose, Costa Rica.
21. Holland, E. A., W. J. Parton, J. K. Detling, and D. L. Coppock. 1992. Physiological responses of plant populations to herbivory and their consequences for ecosystem nutrient flow. American Naturalist 140:685-706.
22. Ingestad, T., and A. B. Lund. 1986. Theory and technique for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of plants. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1:439-453.
23. Kern, J. S. 1994. Spatial patterns of soil organic carbon in the contiguous United States. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58:439-455.
24. _. 1995. Geographic patterns of soil water-holding capacity in the contiguous United States. Soil Science Society of America Journal 59:1126-1133.
25. Kittel, T. G. F., N. A. Rosenbloom, T. H. Painter, D. S. Schimel, and VEMAP Modeling Participants. 1995. The VEMAP integrated database for modeling United States ecosystem/vegetation sensitivity to climate change. Journal of Biogeography 22:857-862.
26. Küchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map, potential natural vegetation of the coterminous United States. Second edition. Special Publication Number 36. American Geographical Society, New York, New York, USA.
27. Law, B. E., and R. H. Waring. 1994. Combining remote sensing and climatic data to estimate net primary production across Oregon. Ecological Applications 4:717-728.
28. Lieth, H. 1972. Modelling the primary productivity of the world. Nature and Resources 8:5-10.
29. Loveland, T. R., J. W. Merchant, D. O. Ohlen, and J. F. Brown. 1991. Development of a land-cover characteristics database for the conterminous U.S. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 57:1453-1463.
30. McGuire, A. D., L. A. Joyce, D. W. Kicklighter, J. M. Melillo, G. Esser, and C. J. Vorosmarty. 1993. Productivity response of climax temperate forests to elevated temperature and carbon dioxide: A North American comparison between two global models. Climatic Change 24:287-310.
31. Melillo, J. M., R. J. Naiman, J. D. Aber, and A. E. Linkins. 1984. Factors controlling mass loss and nitrogen dynamics of plant litter decaying in northern streams. Bulletin of Marine Science 35:341-356.
32. 14C turnover. Ecology 73:593-607.
33. NCDC. 1992. 1961-1990 monthly station normals tape. National Climatic Data Center, U.S. Department of Commerce, data tape TD 9641.
34. Nobel, P. S. 1991. Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
35. Parton, W. J., D. S. Ojima, C. V. Cole, and D. S. Schimel. 1994. A general model for soil organic matter dynamics: sensitivity to litter chemistry, texture and management. Pages 147-167 in Quantitative modeling of soil forming processes. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
36. Parton, W. J., D. S. Schimel, C. V. Cole, and D. S. Ojima. 1987. Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in Great Plains grasslands. Soil Science Society of America Journal 51:1173-1179.
37. Pastor, J., and W. M. Post. 1986. Influence of climate, soil moisture and succession on forest carbon and nitrogen cycles. Biogeochemistry 2:3-27.
38. Pickett, S. T. A. 1988. Space-for-time substitution as an alternative to long-term studies. Pages 110-135 in G. E. Likens, editor. Long-term studies in ecology: approaches and alternatives. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
39. Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster. 1993. Terrestrial ecosystem production: a process model based on global satellite and surface data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 7:811-841.
40. Richardson, C. W., and D. A. Wright. 1984. WGEN: a model for generating daily weather variables. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS-8.
41. Running, S. W. 1994. Testing forest-BGC ecosystem process simulations across a climatic gradient in Oregon. Ecological Applications 4:238-247.
42. Running, S. W., and E. R. Hunt, Jr. 1993. Generalization of a forest ecosystem model for other biomes, BIOME-BGC, and an application for global-scale models. Pages 141-158 in J. R. Ehleringer and C. B. Field, editors. Scaling physiological processes: leaf to globe. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
43. Running, S. W., and R. R. Nemani. 1991. Regional hydrolic and carbon balance responses of forests resulting from potential climate change. Climatic Change 19:349-368.
44. Runyon, J., R. H. Waring, S. N. Goward, and J. M. Welles. 1994. Environmental limits on net primary production and light-use efficiency across the Oregon Transect. Ecological Applications 4:226-237.
45. Sala, O. E., W. J. Parton, L. A. Joyce, and W. K. Lauenroth. 1988. Primary production of the central grasslands region of the United States: spatial pattern and major controls. Ecology 69:40-45.
46. Scanlan, J. C., and S. Archer. 1991. Simulated dynamics of succession in a North American subtropical Prosopis savanna. Journal of Vegetation Science 2:625-634.
47. Schimel, D. S., B. H. Braswell Jr., E. A. Holland, R. McKeown, D. S. Ojima, T. H. Painter, W. J. Parton, and A. R. Townsend. 1994. Climatic, edaphic, and biotic controls over carbon and turnover of carbon in soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 8:279-293.
48. Schimel, D. S., B. H. Braswell, R. McKeown, D. S. Ojima, W. J. Parton, and W. Pulliam. 1996. Climate and nitrogen controls on the geography and time scales of terrestrial biogeochemical cycling. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 10:677-692.
49. Schimel, D. S., T. G. F. Kittel, and W. J. Parton. 1991. Terrestrial biogeochemical cycles: Global interactions with atmosphere and hydrology. Tellus 43AB:188-203.
50. Schimel, D. S., W. J. Parton, T. G. F. Kittel, D. S. Ojima, and C. V. Cole. 1990. Grassland biogeochemistry: links to atmospheric processes. Climatic Change 17:13-25.
51. Schimel, D. S., and C. S. Potter. 1995. Process modelling and spatial extrapolation. Pages 358-383 in P. A. Matson and R. C. Harriss, editors. Biogenic trace gases: measuring emissions from soil and water. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
52. Schimel, D. S., M. A. Stillwell, and R. G. Woodmansee. 1985. Biogeochemistry of C, N, and P in a soil catena of the shortgrass steppe. Ecology 66:276-282.
53. Sellers, P. J. 1985. Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration. International Journal of Remote Sensing 6: 1335-1372.
54. Thornley, J. H. M. 1972. A balanced quantitative model for root:shoot ratios in vegetative plants. Annals of Botany 36: 419-430.
55. Tilman, D. 1985. The resource-ratio hypothesis of plant succession. American Naturalist 125:827-852.
56. Tucker, C. J. 1979. Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sensing of Environment 8:127-150.
57. 2 variations and a satellite-derived vegetation index. Nature 319:195-199.
58. 2 doubling. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9:407-438.
59. Wedin, D. A., and D. Tilman. 1990. Species effects on nitrogen cycling: a test with perennial grasses. Oecologia (Berlin) 84:433-441.
60. Whittaker, R. H. 1975. Communities and ecosystems. MacMillan, New York, New York, USA.
61. Zak, D. R., D. Tilman, R. R. Parmenter, C. W. Rice, F. M. Fisher, J. Vose, D. Milchunas, and C. W. Martin. 1994. Plant production and soil microorganisms in late-successional ecosystems: a continental-scale study. Ecology 75: 2333-2347.