Uzbekistan in the new world order

Central Asian Survey

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 53-64

  Kirimli, Meryem ^a  

^a BILKENT UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DECOLONISATION; GEOPOLITICAL STUDY; INDEPENDENCE; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; KARIMOV, I.; NATIONAL IDENTITY; POST-COMMUNISM;

UZBEKISTAN;

EID: 0031468424     PISSN: 02634937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02634939708400969     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Uzbek President Islam Karimov himself opposed this idea in his speech during the commemoration day marking the 75th birthday of the late Sharaf Rashidov. Please see, Islam Karimov, Xalqimizning Otashqalb Farzandi: Sharaf Rashidov Tavalludining 75 Yilliggiga Bagishlangan Tantanada Suzlangan Nutq (Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1992), p 5.
2. Islam Karimov, Istiqlal va Ma'naviyat (Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1994), p 25.
3. Islam Karimov, Ozbekistanning Oz Istiqlal va Taraqqiyat Yuli (Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1992), p 6.
4. Stephen Humphreys, 'Modern Arab historians and the challenge of the Islamic past', Middle Eastern Lectures, The Moshe Dayan Centre for Middle Eastern and African Studies Publication, No 1, 1995, pp 119-131.
5. Haydarbek Bababekov, 'Mustaqillik va Igvaqarlik', Fan va Turmus, Nos 11 & 12, 1992.
6. Cedids are the representatives of a group of Turko-Muslim intellectuals who first wanted to modernize the educational facilities of their people under the rule of the Russian autocrats in the late 19th and early 20th century. This author prefers to use 'Cedid' as opposed the Western version of 'Jadid'. However, the term has not been changed into Cedid when it has appeared in a Western publication.
7. Boribay Ahmedov, 'Amir Timurga Maktublar', Mulaqat, Nos 11 & 12, 1992.
8. Ahmadali Asqarov and Boribay Ahmedov, Ozbek Xalqining Kelip Ciqis Tarixi', Uzbekistan Awazi, 20 January 1994.
9. According to Stephen Humphreys, op cit, 'A golden age displays to us the era in which society's key values, beliefs, and institutions were most fully and clearly realized, and thereby it identifies the moral and structural foundations of that society ... On the most general level, a golden age endows a society with its very identity and assures it of its place in the world.'
10. Donald Carlisle, 'Geopolitics of Uzbekistan', in Muslim Eurasia: Conflicting Legacies, Yaacov Ro'i (ed.), The Cummings Centre for Russian and East European Studies, The Cummings Centre Series, (London: Frank Cass, 1995), pp 90, 91.
11. An interview with Prof. Begali Kasimov by Murad Abdulla, 'Uygangan Millat Marifati', Uzbekistan Adabiyat va San'ati, 25 March 1994.
12. RFE/RL Uzbek Service archive material, 28 May 1994, cited an article in Vatan entitled 'Milliy Uyganis: Muammalar, Izlanislar, Tadqiqatlar ...'.
13. Edward Lazzerini, 'Ismall Bey Gasprinskii and Muslim Modernism in Russia, 1878-1914'. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Washington, 1973. Also see, Hakan Kirimli, 'National Movements and National Identity Among the Crimean Tatars, 1905-1917', Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1991.
14. Edward Lazzerini, 'Ismall Bey Gasprinskii and Muslim Modernism in Russia, 1878-1914'. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Washington, 1973. Also see, Hakan Kirimli, 'National Movements and National Identity Among the Crimean Tatars, 1905-1917', Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1991.
15. Adeeb Khalid, 'Printing, publishing, and reform in Central Asia', International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 26, 1994, p 193. Please also see, Adeeb Khalid, 'The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Tsarist Central Asian', Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1993.
16. Adeeb Khalid, 'Printing, publishing, and reform in Central Asia', International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 26, 1994, p 193. Please also see, Adeeb Khalid, 'The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Tsarist Central Asian', Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1993.
17. Abdujabbar Abduvakhitov, 'The Jadid movement and its impact on contemporary Central Asia' in Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects, Hafeez Malik (ed.) (New York: St Martin's Press, 1994), pp 71, 72.
18. Ibrahim Yarkin, 'Bati Turkistan, Turk Dunyasi El Kitabi, (Ankara: Turk Kulturunu Arastirma Enstitusu, 1976), pp 1160-1215. The following statement was reported in p 1194; 'Guney Turkistan'da cedidciligin gelismesinde, Kirimli Gaspirali Ismail Bey'in cikardigi Tercuman gazetesinin, yeni usul ogretime ait yayinlarla Kazan ve Azerbaycan'dan gelen yayinlarin ve Turkiye'deki yenilesme ve hurriyet hareketlerinin buyuk tesiri oldu. Namik Kemal'in hurriyeti ve vatan sevgisini oven siirleri ve daha sonralari sair Mehmed Emin'in (Mehmed Emin Yurdakul), "Ben Bir Turkum" diye baslayan siirleri Turkistan aydinlari arasinda elden ele dolasarak heyecanla okundu.' (Tercuman newspapers of the Crimean Tatar Ismail Gaspirali and particularly his publication about the New Method school have played a vital role in the development of Cedidism in southern Turkistan. At the same time publications from Kazan and Azerbaijan as well as Turkey also have a share. Poems of Namik Kemal, which dealt with the love of Liberty and fatherland, as well as the poem of Mehmed Emin (Mehmed Emin Yurdakul) which is entitled 'I am a Turk' have been read by the intellectuals in Turkistan with great enthusiasm.)
19. Sabir Mirvaliyev, Ozbek Adiblari (Tashkent: Ozbekistan Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi 'Fan' Nashriyaty, 1993), pp 10-38.
20. Ibid, pp 10-11, 13, 18-19.
21. Ibid, p 19.
22. Nasimcan Rahmanov, 'Turk mi yaki Ozbek mi?' Ozbekistan Avazi, 20 January 1994.
23. Qozgalis Kisenlaring zeng basqandir, sergek bol kim uzulur; Tamirimda qozgalisning vahsi qani kopirdi, Eski fikir, ananeler emdi butkul uzuldu, Ya bitermen yaki sening saltanating buzulur! Ey sen meni qui orninda isletguci efendi! Titre, qorq kim bagliq quling bas kotergen kuc emdi! Ibrahim Yarkin, op cit, pp 1200-1201. (Translation of this poem is as follows: Beware that your chains are getting rotten, Wild blood of revolt is boiling in my veins, Old ideas and traditions are all ending, Either me or your rein will perish now. Oh you efendi who made me a slave, Tremble and frighten that your chained slave is the rebelling force!)
24. Mirvaliyev, op cit, pp 8, 11, 18, 19.
25. Abdujabbar Abduvakhitov, 'Islamic Revivalism in Uzbekistan', in Russia's Muslim Frontiers: New Directions in Cross-cultural Analysis, Dale F. Eickelman (ed.) (Bloomington: Indiana Press University, 1993), pp 81, 82.
26. Ibid.
27. Islam Karimov, Xalqimizn'mg ..., p 6. Mustaqilliq paydavariga xalqimizning boshiga tushgan oghir kunlarda qataganlorga uchrab, gunahsiz qurbon bulgan minglab zabardast, unitilmas farzandlari tamal toshlarini kuygan. Shuning ucin xam mustabvidlik zamonida xalqimiz xotirasidan ataylab ochirilgan mutabar insonlarning nomlari birin-ketin tiklanayapti. Abdulla Kodiriy v Abdulxamid Chulpon, Abdurauf Fitrat va Usmon Nosir kabi vatanimiz, millatimiz azadligi yulida s. ketghan onlab simolarning ma'navi miraslari bugun xalkimiz bisotiga qaytmaqda.
28. Kemal Karpat, paper submitted to the SAIS (School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University) Washington, DC, 21 March 1994.
29. Islam Karimov, op cit, Ref 25, p 7. Xalqimiz ruxaniyatining sarchashmalaridan bulmish qadimiy va navkiran Navruz ayemi, diniy qadriyatlarimizdan bulmish Ruza xayti va Qurban Xayti qaytadan xayatimizga kirib keldi. Bunday amaliy qadamlar kishilarimizda bugingi va ertangi kunga, xakimiyatga, raxbarlarga ishanc va xurmat tuygularini uygatadi.
30. Islam Karimov, Istiqlal va Ma'naviyat, p 22.
31. Islam Karimov, ibid, pp 30, 31.
32. Hidayet Diktas, 'Milletiyle Butunlesen Lider: Nazarbayev', Zaman, 6 October 1995, p 4. Hidayet Diktas is Almati correspondent of Zaman-Kazakstan.
33. A Reuter news item dated 23 September 1994, RFE/RL archive material, FF0112.
34. Muhammmed Salih, Ozbekistan'da Demokratiklesme Uzerine', Bitig, November 1995, No 10, pp 14-15. A publication of the Research Centre for Turkestan and Azerbaijan, Haarlem, the Netherlands.
35. Stephen K. Batalden and Sandra L. Batalden, The Newly Independent States of Eurasia: Handbook of Former Soviet Republics (Phoenix, Arizona: The Oryx Press, 1993), p 174.
36. RFE/RL Uzbek Service Archive material, 2 September 1994.
37. Islam Karimov, Xalqimizning Otashqalb Fanandi ... , p 15.
38. Islam Karimov, Istiqlal va Ma'naviyat, p 27.
39. Phillip Petersen, Security policy in post-Soviet Central Asia, European Security, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Spring 1995), pp 149-150.
40. Islam Karimov, Ozbekistanning Oz Istiqlal ... p 12.
41. Islam Karimov, Yangi uy qurmay turib, eskisini buzmang (Do not destroy your old house before you finish building the new) (Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1993), p 7.
42. SWB, SU/2369 G/2, 31 July 1995.
43. SWB, SU/2369 G/3, 31 July 1995.
44. Petersen, op cit, p 152. Petersen wrote the following: '... The Uzbek intervention in Tajikistan could lead to the identification of the Karimov government with Moscow imperialism despite the fact that it is Moscow which is being manipulated by Tashkent on the political situation in Tajikistan.'
45. Petersen, op cit, p 144.
46. SWB, SU/2369 G/3, 31 July 1995.
47. Petersen, op cit, p 152.
48. Andre Grabot, 'Uzbekistan President in China', AFP, 23 October 1994, RFE/RL Archive material FF0054, 23 October 1994.
49. Islam Karimov, Istiqlal va Ma'naviyat, p 28.