Annual Review Prize Lecture: Voltage-gated and inwardly rectifying potassium channels

Journal of Physiology

Volumn 505, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 267-282

  Jan, Lily Yeh ^a   Jan, Yuh Nung ^a  

^a HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; POTASSIUM ION; ACETYLCHOLINE; G PROTEIN COUPLED INWARDLY RECTIFYING POTASSIUM CHANNEL; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; INWARDLY RECTIFYING POTASSIUM CHANNEL; MUSCARINIC M2 RECEPTOR; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.2; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.4; VOLTAGE GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR;

CHANNEL GATING; EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SECOND MESSENGER; ARTICLE; DROSOPHILA; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; INTRACELLULAR SPACE; MOLECULAR CLONING; NERVE CELL MEMBRANE STEADY POTENTIAL; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; SYNAPTOSOME; ANIMAL; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; GENETICS; NERVE ENDING; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN CONFORMATION;

ANIMALS; GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; ION CHANNEL GATING; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOTOR ENDPLATE; NERVE ENDINGS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS, INWARDLY RECTIFYING; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC; SECOND MESSENGER SYSTEMS;

EID: 0031465024     PISSN: 00223751     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.267bb.x     Document Type: Review

References (158)

1. +-current in bullfrog sympathetic neurons. British Journal of Pharmacology 68, 353-355.
2. AIYAR, J., NGUYEN, A. N., CHANDY, K. G. & GRISSMER, S. (1991). The P-region and S6 of Kv3.1 contribute to the formation of the ion conduction pathway. Biophysical Journal 67, 2261-2264.
3. + channel reconstituted in lipid bilayers. Biophysical Journal 70, 2680-2687.
4. ARMSTRONG, C. M. & BEZANILLA, F. (1973). Currents related to movement of the gating particles of the sodium channels. Nature 242, 459-461.
5. + channels. Annual Review of Neuroscience 11, 97-118.
6. BAUSCH, S. B., PATTERSON, T. A., EHRENGRUBER, M. U., LESTER, H. A., DAVIDSON, N. & CHAVKIN, C. (1995). Colocalization of mu opioid receptors with GIRK1 potassium channels in the rat brain: An immunocytochemical study. Receptors and Channels 3, 221-241.
7. BEZANILLA, F. & STEFANI, E. (1994). Voltage-dependent gating of ionic channels. Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 23, 819-846.
8. BOSMA, M. M., BERNHEIM, L., LEIBOWITZ, M. D., PFAFFINGER, P. J. & HILLE, B. (1990). Modulation of M current in frog sympathetic ganglion cells. In G Proteins and Signal Transduction, ed. NATHANSON, N. M. & HARDEN, T. K., pp. 43-59. Society of General Physiologists Series, Rockfeller University Press, New York.
9. BREITWIESER, G. E. & SZABO, G. (1985). Uncoupling of cardiac muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors from ion channels by a guanine nucleotide analogue. Nature 317, 538-540.
10. BROWN, D. A. (1988). M-currents: An update. Trends in Neurosciences 11, 294-299.
11. BROWN, D. A. (1990). G proteins and potassium currents in neurons. Annual Review of Physiology 52, 215-242.
12. BYRNE, J. H. (1980). Quantitative aspects of ionic conductance mechanisms contributing to firing pattern of motor cells mediating inking behavior in Aplysia californica. Journal of Neurophysiology 43, 651-668.
13. CHOI, K. L., MOSSMAN, C., AUBE, J. & YELLEN, G. (1993). The internal quaternary ammonium receptor site of Shaker potassium channels. Neuron 10, 533-541.
14. CHOUINARD, S. W., WILSON, G. F., SCHLIMGEN, A. K. & GANETZKY, B. (1995). A potassium channel β-subunit related to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily is encoded by the Drosophila Hyperkinetic locus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 92, 6763-6767.
15. + channel by m1 acetylcholine receptor and intracellular magnesium. Cell 89, 1121-1132.
16. + channel Kir 2.3 to PSD-95 is regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation. Neuron 17, 759-767.
17. CONNER, J. A. & STEVENS, C. F. (1971). Voltage clamp studies of a transient outward membrane current in gastropod neural somata. Journal of Physiology 213, 21-30.
18. + channel current systems. Neuron 7, 763-773.
19. CRISTIE, M. J., NORTH, R. A., OSBORNE, P. B., DOUGLASS, J. & ADELMAN, J. P. (1990). Heteropolymeric potassium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes from cloned subunits. Neuron 4, 405-411.
20. + channel: expression cloning and molecular properties. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 90, 10235-10239.
21. + conductance in hippocampus. Nature 389, 286-289.
22. DE SCHUTTER, E. & BOWER, J. M. (1994). An active membrane model of the cerebellar purkinje cell. I. Simulation of current clamps in slice. Journal of Neurophysiology 70, 375-399.
23. DUCREUX, C. & PUIZILLOUT, J.-J. (1995). A-current modifies the spike of C-type neurons in the rabbit nodose ganglion. Journal of Physiology 486, 439-451.
24. + channels to intracellular spermine. FEBS Letters 356, 199-203.
25. + channels is caused by intracellular spermine. Cell 80, 149-154.
26. + channels. Science 266, 1068-1072.
27. GOLOWASCH, J., BUCHHOLTZ, F., EPSTEIN, I. R. & MARDER, E. (1992). Contribution of individual ionic currents to activity of a model stomatogastric ganglion neuron. Journal of Physiology 67, 341-349.
28. GRIGG, J. J., KOZASA, T., NAKAJIMA, Y. & NAKAJIMA, S. (1996). Single-channel properties of a G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel in brain neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 75, 318-328.
29. HAGIWARA, S. & JAFFE, L. A. (1979). Electrical properties of egg cell membranes. Annual Review of Physics and Bioengineering 8, 385-416.
30. HAGIWARA, S., KUSANO, K. & SAITO, N. (1961). Membrane changes of Onchidium nerve cell in potassium-rich media. Journal of Physiology 155, 470-489.
31. + channels. Science 251, 942-944.
32. HEUSER, J. E., REESE, T. S., DENNIS, M. J., JAN, Y., JAN, L. & EVANS, L. (1979). Synaptic vesicle exocytosis captured by quick freezing and correlated with quantal transmitter release. Journal of Cell Biology 81, 275-300.
33. HILLE, B. (1992). Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, MA, USA.
34. HILLE, B. (1994). Modulation of ion-channel function by G-protein-coupled receptors. Trends in Neurosciences 17, 531-536.
35. HILLE, B. & SCHWARZ, W. (1978). Potassium channels as multi-ion single-file pores. Journal of General Physiology 72, 409-442.
36. HO, D., NICHOLS, C. G., LEDERER, W. J., LYTTON, J., VASSILEV, P. M., KANAZIRSKA, M. V. & HEBERT, S. C. (1993). Cloning and expression of an inwardly rectifying ATP-regulated potassium channel. Nature 362, 31-38.
37. HODGKIN, A. L. & HUXLEY, A. F. (1952). Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo. Journal of Physiology 116, 449-472.
38. HODGKIN, A. L., HUXLEY, A. F. & KATZ, B. (1949). Ionic currents underlying activity in the giant axon of the squid. Archives des Sciences Physiologiques 3, 129-150.
39. + channel regulation of signal propagation in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Nature 387, 869-875.
40. + channels. Journal of Neuroscience 14, 1385-1393.
41. + channels. FEBS Letters 405, 291-298.
42. + channel is important for channel activation. Neuron 15, 1133-1143.
43. HUANG, X. Y., MORIELLE, A. D. & PERALTA, E. G. (1993). Tyrosine kinase-dependent suppression of potassium channel by the G protein-coupled m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Cell 75, 1145-1156.
44. INANOBE, A., ITO, H., ITO, M., HOSOYA, Y. & KURACHI, Y. (1995). Immunological and physical characterization of the brain G protein-gated muscarinic potassium channel. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 217, 1238-1244.
45. ISACOFF, E. Y., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1990). Evidence of the formation of heteromultimeric potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes. Nature 345, 530-534.
46. + channel. Nature 353, 86-90.
47. JAN, L. Y. & JAN, Y. N. (1976a). Properties of the larval neuromuscular junction in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Physiology 262, 189-214.
48. JAN, L. Y. & JAN, Y. N. (1976b). L-Glutamate as an excitatory transmitter at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction. Journal of Physiology 262, 215-236.
49. JAN, L. Y. & JAN, Y. N. (1982). Peptidergic transmission in sympathetic ganglia of the frog. Journal of Physiology 327, 219-246.
50. JAN, L. Y. & JAN, Y. N. (1994). Potassium channels and their evolving gates. Nature 371, 119-122.
51. JAN, Y. N., JAN, L. Y. & DENNIS, M. J. (1977). Two mutations of synaptic transmission in Drosophila. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 198, 87-108.
52. JAN, Y. N., JAN, L. Y. & KUFFLER, S. W. (1979). A peptide as a possible transmitter in sympathetic ganglia of the frog. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 76, 1501-1505.
53. + channels radically alters activation and inactivation. Journal of Neuroscience 17, 32-44.
54. + channel gene modifies the electrical properties and synaptic efficacy of identified Aplysia neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 89, 1133-1137.
55. KAMB, A., TSENG-CRANK, J. & TANOUYE, M. A. (1988). Multiple products of the Drosophila Shaker gene may contribute to potassium channel diversity. Neuron 1, 421-430.
56. + channel mRNAs are differentially expressed in the adult rat brain. Journal of Neuroscience 16, 3559-1370.
57. KATAYAMA, Y. & NISHI, S. (1977). The ionic mechanisms of the late slow e.p.s.p. in amphibian sympathetic ganglion cells. Proceedings of the International Union of Physiological Science 13, 371.
58. KATZ, B. (1949). Les constantes electriques de la membrane du muscle. Archives des Sciences Physiologiques 2, 285-299.
59. KAVANAUGH, M. P., HURST, R. S., YAKEL, J., VARUM, M. D., ADELMAN, J. P. & NORTH, R. A. (1992). Multiple subunits of a voltage-dependent potassium channel contribute to the binding site for tetraethylammonium. Neuron 8, 493-497.
60. + channels by interaction with a family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases. Nature 378, 85-88.
61. KIM, K. M., NAKAJIMA, Y. & NAKAJIMA, S. (1995). G protein-coupled inward rectifier modulated by dopamine agonists in cultured substantia nigra neurons. Neuroscience 69, 1145-1158.
62. + channels are activated by Gβγ subunits and function as heteromultimers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 92, 6542-6546.
63. + channel and rescue of weaver gradule cells. Neuron 16, 941-952.
64. +-channel proteins. Nature 374, 135-141.
65. KACh. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 29059-29062.
66. KUBA, K. & KOKETSU, K. (1978). Synaptic events in sympathetic ganglia. Progress in Neurobiology 11, 77-169.
67. + channel IRK1. Receptors and Channels 4, 73-83.
68. KUBO, Y., BALDWIN, T. J., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1993). Primary structure and functional expression of a mouse inward rectifier potassium channel. Nature 362, 127-133.
69. KUBO, Y., REUVENY, E., SLESINGER, P. A., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1993). Primary structure and functional expression of rat G-protein coupled muscarinic potassium channel. Nature 364, 802-806.
70. KUNKEL, M. T. & PERALTA, E. G. (1995). Identification of domains conferring G protein regulation on inward rectifier potassium channels. Cell 83, 443-449.
71. KURACHI, Y. (1995). G protein regulation of cardiac muscarinic potassium channel. American Journal of Physiology 269, C821-830.
72. + channel S4. Neuron 16, 387-397.
73. LI, M., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1992). Specification of subunit assembly by the hydrophilic amino-terminal domain of the Shaker potassium channel. Science 257, 1225-1240.
74. LI, M., UNWIN, N., STAUFFER, K. A., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1994). Images of purified Shaker potassium channels. Current Biology 4, 110-115.
75. + channel proteins GIRK1 and GIRK2 and their altered expression in weaver brain. Journal of Neuroscience 16, 7137-7150.
76. + channel determined by construction of multimeric cDNAs. Neuron 9, 861-871.
77. LOEWI, O. (1921). Uber humorale Ubertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirking. Pflügers Archiv 189, 239-242.
78. + channel in heart. Nature 325, 321-326.
79. LOPATIN, A. N., MAKHINA, E. N. & NICHOLS, C. G. (1994). Potassium channel block by cytoplasmic polyamines as the mechanism of intrinsic rectification. Nature 372, 366-369.
80. + channel comprises part of the pore. Nature 367, 179-182.
81. + channel. Nature 371, 243-246.
82. + channels for transmitter actions in hippocampal neurons.
83. + currents in frequency-dependent spike broadening in Aplysia R20 neurons: A dynamic-clamp analysis. Journal of Neuroscience 16, 4089-4101.
84. + channel subunits from heteromultimeric channels with novel functional properties. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 171, 1361-1371.
85. MACKINNON, R. (1991). Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of a voltage-activated potassium channel. Nature 350, 232-235.
86. MANNUZZU, L. M., MARRONE, N. M. & ISACOFF, E. Y. (1995). Direct physical measure of conformational rearrangement underlying potassium channel gating. Science 271, 213-216.
87. 2+. Nature 325, 150-159.
88. + channel proteins in the rat brain. Brain Research 750, 251-263.
89. NAIR, L. A., INGLESE, J., STOFFEL, R., KOCH, W. J., LEFKOWITZ, R. J., KWATRA, M. M. & GRANT, A. O. (1995). Cardiac muscarinic potassium channel activity is attenuated by inhibitors of Gβγ. Circulation Research 76, 832-838.
90. + channel β-subunits with α-subunits. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 7084-7089.
91. NAKAJIMA, S. (1966). Analysis of K inactivation and TEA action in the supramedullary cells of puffer. Journal of General Physiology 49, 629-640.
92. NAKAJIMA, Y., NAKAJIMA, S. & INOUE, M. (1988). Pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein mediates substance P-induced inhibition of potassium channels in brain neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 85, 3643-3647.
93. + channels. Science 272, 1950-1953.
94. NEHER, E. (1971). Two fast transient current components during voltage clamp on snail neurons. Journal of General Physiology 58, 36-53.
95. NELSON, M. T. & QUAYLE, J. M. (1995). Physiological roles and properties of potassium channels in arterial smooth muscle. American Journal of Physiology 2, C799-822.
96. NICOLL, R. A., MALENKA, R. C. & KAUER, J. A. (1990). Functional comparison of neurotransmitter receptor subtypes in mammalian central nervous system. Physiological Reviews 70, 513-565.
97. NORTH, R. A. (1989). Drug receptors and the inhibition of nerve cells. British Journal of Pharmacology 98, 13-28.
98. 2 receptors to decrease potassium conductance in rat nucleus accumbens neurones. Journal of Physiology 417, 1-12.
99. PAPAZIAN, D. M., SCHWARZ, T. L., TEMPEL, B. L., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1987). Cloning of genomic and complementary DNA from Shaker, a putative potassium channel gene from Drosophila. Science 237, 749-753.
100. PARCEJ, D. N., SCOTT, V. E. S. & DOLLY, J. O. (1992). Oligomeric properties of α-dendrotoxin-sensitive potassium ion channels purified from bovine brain. Biochemistry 31, 11084-11088.
101. PATIL, N., COX, D. R., BHAT, D., FAHAM, M., MYERS, R. M. & PETERSON, A. S (1995). A potassium channel mutation ini weaver mice implicates membrane excitability in granule cell differentiation. Nature Genetics 11, 126-129.
102. PFAFFINGER, P. J., MARTIN, J. M., HUNTER, D. D., NATHANSON, N. M. & HILLE, B. (1985). GTP-binding proteins couple cardiac muscarinic receptors to a K channel. Nature 317, 536-538.
103. + channel proteins (GIRK1) are present in the soma and dendrites as well as in nerve terminals of specific neurons in the brain. Journal of Neuroscience 16, 1990-2001.
104. PONGS, O., KECSKBMETHY, N., MUELLER, R., KRAH-JENTZENS, I., BAUMANN, A., KILTZ, H. H., CANAL, I., LLAMAZMRES, S. & FERRUS, A. (1988). Shaker encodes a family of putative potassium channel proteins in the nervous system of Drosophila. EMBO Journal 7, 1087-1096.
105. B agonists and serotonin in cultured hippocampal neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 71, 2570-2575.
106. RAKIC, P. & SIDMAN, R. L. (1973). Sequence of developmental abnormalities leading to granule cell deficit in cerebellar cortex of weaver mutant mice. Journal of Comparative Neurology 152, 103-132.
107. + channels altered by presence of β-subunit. Nature 369, 289-294.
108. +-selective permeation. Biophysical Journal 70, 754-761.
109. REUVENY, E., SLESINGER, P. A., INGLESE, J., MORALES, J. M., INIGUEZ-LLUHI, J. A., LEFKOWITZ, R. J., BOURNE, H. R., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1994). Activation of the cloned muscarinic potassium channel by G protein βγ subunits. Nature 370, 143-146.
110. RUPPERSBERG, J. P., SCHROTER, K. H., SAKMANN, B., STOCKER, M., SEWING, S. & PONGS, O. (1990). Heteromultimeric channels formed by rat brain potassium channel proteins. Nature 345, 535-538.
111. + channels in isolated pacemaker cells of the mammalian heart. Nature 303, 250-253.
112. + channels conserved in flies, mice and humans. Trends in Neurosciences 15, 161-166.
113. SCHWARZ, T. L., TEMPEL, B. L., PAPAZIAN, D. M., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1988). Multiple potassium channel components are produced by alternative splicing at the Shaker locus in Drosophila. Nature 331, 137-142.
114. + channels from bovine brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 91, 1637-1641.
115. + channel. Neuron 16, 1159-1167.
116. SEWING, S., ROEPER, J. & PONGS, O. (1996). Kvb1 subunit binding specific for Shaker-related potassium channel α-subunits. Neuron 16, 455-463.
117. SHEN, K. Z. & NORTH, R. A. (1992). Muscarine increases cation conductance and decreases potassium conductance in rat locus coeruleus neurones. Journal of Physiology 455, 471-485.
118. + channel assembly. Neuron 11, 67-76.
119. + channel subunit proteins. Neuron 14, 625-633.
120. SHENG, M. (1996). PDZs and receptor/channel clustering: rounding up the latest suspects. Neuron 17, 575-578.
121. + channels detected in vivo. Nature 365, 72-75.
122. + channel proteins in rat central neurons. Neuron 9, 271-284.
123. + channel surface expression through effects early in biosynthesis. Neuron 16, 843-852.
124. SHIEH, R. C., JOHN, S. A., LEE, J. K. & WEISS, J. N. (1996). Inward rectification of the IRK1 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes: effects of intracellular pH reveal an intrinsic gating mechanism. Journal of Physiology 494, 363-376.
125. + channel GIRK2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 94, 923-927.
126. SIGWORTH, F. J. (1994). Voltage gating of ion channels. Quarterly Review of Biophysics 27, 1-40.
127. SLESINGER, P. A., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1993). The S4-S5 loop contributes to the ion-selective pore of potassium channels. Neuron 11, 739-749.
128. + channels. Neuron 16, 321-331.
129. SLESINGER, P. A., REUVENY, E., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1995). Identification of structural elements involved in G protein gating of the GIRK1 potassium channel. Neuron 15, 1145-1156.
130. + currents in cerebellar granule cells isolated from weaver and Girk2 null mutant mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (in the Press).
131. SMYNE, R. J. & GOLDOWITZ, D. (1989). Development and death of external granular layer cells in the weaver mouse cerebellum: a quantitative study. Journal of Neuroscience 9, 1608-1620.
132. B receptor-activated inwardly-rectifying potassium current in dissociated hippocampal CA2 neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 16, 6374-6385.
133. SOEJIMA, M. & NOMA, A. (1984). Mode of regulation of the ACh-sensitive K-channel by the muscarinic receptor in rabbit atrial cells. Pflügers Archiv 400, 424-431.
134. 2+ of the inward rectifier, IRK1. Journal of Physiology 478, 1-6.
135. STANFIELD, P. R., NAKAJIMA, Y. & YAMAGUCHI, K. (1985). Substance P raises neuronal membrane excitability by reducing inward rectification. Nature 315, 498-501.
136. + channels. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 13867-13873.
137. + channel IRK1. EMBO Journal 14, 5532-5541.
138. + channels. Science 264, 844-847.
139. TANOUYE, M. A., FERRUS, A. & FUJITA, S. C. (1981). Abnormal action potentials associated with the Shaker complex locus of Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 78, 6548-6552.
140. + channels in vivo. Journal of Neuroscience 17, 152-159.
141. TEMPEL, B. L., PAPAZIAN, D. M., SCHWARZ, T. L., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1987). Sequence of a probable potassium channel component encoded at the Shaker locus of Drosophila. Science 237, 770-775.
142. + channel-opening drugs. American Journal of Physiology 2, C525-545.
143. TIERNEY, A. J. & HARRIS-WARRICK, R. M. (1992). Physiological role of the transient potassium current in the pyloric circuit of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. Journal of Neurophysiology 67, 599-609.
144. TIMPE, L. C., SCHWARZ, T. L., TEMPEL, B. L., PAPAZIAN, D. M., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1988). Expression of functional potassium channels from Shaker cDNA in Xenopus oocytes. Nature 331, 143-145.
145. TINKER, A., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1996). Regions responsible for the assembly of inwardly rectifyinig potassium channels. Cell 87, 857-868.
146. VANDENBERG, C. A. (1987). Inward rectification of a potassium channel in cardiac ventricular cells depends on internal magnesium ions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 84, 2560-2562.
147. + channel in rat brain neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 92, 1590-1594.
148. + channels in terminal and juxtaparanodal regions of neurons. Nature 365, 75-79.
149. + channels localized to a single negatively charged residue. Nature 371, 246-249.
150. WICKMAN, K. & CLAPHAM, D. E. (1995). Ion channel regulation by G proteins. Physiological Reviews 75, 865-885.
151. WICKMAN, K. D., INIGUEZ-LLUHI, J. A., DAVENPORT, P. A., TAUSSIG, R., KRAPIVINSKY, G. B., LINDER, M. E., GILMAN, A. G. & CLAPHAM, D. E. (1994). Recombinant G-protein βγ subunits activate the muscarinic-gated at rial potassium channel. Nature 368, 255-257.
152. XU, J., YU, W., JAN, Y. N., JAN, L. Y. & LI, M. (1995). Assembly of voltage-gated potassium channels. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 24761-24768.
153. + channel. Neuron 14, 1047-1054.
154. YANG, J., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1995b). Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Neuron 15, 1441-1447.
155. YANG, J., YU, M., JAN, Y. N. & JAN, L. Y. (1997). Stabilization of ion selevtivity filter by pore loop ion pairs in an inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 94, 1568-1672.
156. + channel. Science 251, 939-941.
157. + channel by mutation of the H5 region. Nature 349, 700-704.
158. YU, W., XU, J. & LI, M. (1996). NAB domain is essential for the subunit assembly of both α-α and α-β complexes of shaker-like potassium channels. Neuron 16, 441-453.