메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 279-291

A strategy for evaluating the environmental impact of on-site sanitation systems

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMAPCT; HEALTH IMPACT; SANITATION SYSTEM; WATER MANAGEMENT;

EID: 0031464097     PISSN: 03784738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (56)
  • 2
    • 0018541309 scopus 로고
    • On the value of soil columns for assessing the transport pattern of viruses through soils: A critical outlook
    • BITTON G, DAVIDSON JM and FARRAH SR (1979) On the value of soil columns for assessing the transport pattern of viruses through soils: A critical outlook. Water, Air and Soil Pollut. 12 449-457.
    • (1979) Water, Air and Soil Pollut. , vol.12 , pp. 449-457
    • Bitton, G.1    Davidson, J.M.2    Farrah, S.R.3
  • 3
    • 0020783871 scopus 로고
    • Survival of pathogenic and indicator organisms in ground water
    • BITTON G, FARRAH SR, RUSKIN RH, BATNER J and CHOU YJ (1983) Survival of pathogenic and indicator organisms in ground water. Groundwater 21 (4) 405-410.
    • (1983) Groundwater , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 405-410
    • Bitton, G.1    Farrah, S.R.2    Ruskin, R.H.3    Batner, J.4    Chou, Y.J.5
  • 4
    • 0024347329 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of suspected waterborne epidemic non-a non-B hepatitis in northern Botswana with a high prevalence of hepatitis B carriers and hepatits delta markers among patients
    • BYSKOV J, WOUTERS JSM, SATHEKGE TJ and SWANBPOEL R (1989) An outbreak of suspected waterborne epidemic non-A non-B hepatitis in northern Botswana with a high prevalence of hepatitis B carriers and hepatits delta markers among patients. Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg. 83 110-116.
    • (1989) Trans. Royal Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg. , vol.83 , pp. 110-116
    • Byskov, J.1    Wouters, J.S.M.2    Sathekge, T.J.3    Swanbpoel, R.4
  • 5
    • 84891281560 scopus 로고
    • Nitrate contamination in periurban Maputo (Mocambique)
    • Nairobi, Kenya
    • CHAIRUCA L and HASSANE I (1991) Nitrate contamination in periurban Maputo (Mocambique). Proc. 17th WEDC Conf., Nairobi, Kenya.
    • (1991) Proc. 17th WEDC Conf.
    • Chairuca, L.1    Hassane, I.2
  • 6
    • 0024560473 scopus 로고
    • Drinking water standards and risk assessment
    • COTRUVO JA (1989) Drinking water standards and risk assessment. J. Inst. Of Water and Environ. Manage. 3 (Feb) 6-12.
    • (1989) J. Inst. of Water and Environ. Manage. , vol.3 , Issue.FEB , pp. 6-12
    • Cotruvo, J.A.1
  • 11
    • 15144341742 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of sites for on-site sanitation systems
    • DE VILLIERS DC (1987) Evaluation of sites for on-site sanitation systems. Trans. S. A. Inst. Civ. Eng. 29 (8) 313-315.
    • (1987) Trans. S. A. Inst. Civ. Eng. , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 313-315
    • De Villiers, D.C.1
  • 12
    • 15144359549 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of groundwater pollution. Part II: Soil characteristics in West Bengal, India, at the site of groundwater pollution investigations
    • DYER BR and BHASKARAN TR (1945) Investigations of groundwater pollution. Part II: Soil characteristics in West Bengal, India, at the site of groundwater pollution investigations. Indian J. Med. Res. 33 17-22.
    • (1945) Indian J. Med. Res. , vol.33 , pp. 17-22
    • Dyer, B.R.1    Bhaskaran, T.R.2
  • 13
    • 0003482287 scopus 로고
    • Chapter 2: The nature of municipal wastewaters
    • University of Cape Town, City Council of Johannesburg and the National Institute for Water Research of the CSIR: A collaborative information document prepared for the Water Research Commission
    • EKAMA GA and MARAIS GvR (1984) Chapter 2: The nature of municipal wastewaters. In: University of Cape Town, City Council of Johannesburg and the National Institute for Water Research of the CSIR: Theory, Design and Operation of Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Processes. A collaborative information document prepared for the Water Research Commission.
    • (1984) Theory, Design and Operation of Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Processes
    • Ekama, G.A.1    Marais, G.V.R.2
  • 14
    • 0004117138 scopus 로고
    • Technical Report No 27. ECETOC, Brussels, Belgium
    • EUROPEAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY CENTRE (ECETOC) (1988) Nitrate and Drinking Water. Technical Report No 27. ECETOC, Brussels, Belgium.
    • (1988) Nitrate and Drinking Water
  • 17
    • 84982619746 scopus 로고
    • Potable groundwater supplies and low-cost sanitary engineering - How compatible?
    • FOSTER SSD (1985) Potable groundwater supplies and low-cost sanitary engineering - How compatible? Natural Resources Forum 9 (2) 125-132.
    • (1985) Natural Resources Forum , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-132
    • Foster, S.S.D.1
  • 18
    • 0029278920 scopus 로고
    • The fate in the subsurface of contaminants associated with on-site sanitation: A review
    • FOURIEAB and VAN RYNEVELDMB (1995) The fate in the subsurface of contaminants associated with on-site sanitation: A review. Water SA 21 (2) 101-112.
    • (1995) Water SA , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-112
    • Fourie, A.B.1    Van Ryneveld, M.B.2
  • 21
    • 15144360743 scopus 로고
    • Pathogen removal from wastewater during groundwater recharge
    • GERB ACP (1979) Pathogen removal from wastewater during groundwater recharge. Municipal Wastewater Reuse News, 26 20-23.
    • (1979) Municipal Wastewater Reuse News , vol.26 , pp. 20-23
    • Gerba, C.P.1
  • 22
    • 0002460355 scopus 로고
    • Viral disease transmission by seafoods
    • GERBA CP (1988) Viral disease transmission by seafoods. Food Technol. 42 99-103.
    • (1988) Food Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 99-103
    • Gerba, C.P.1
  • 25
    • 0026137674 scopus 로고
    • New trends in infections associated with swimming pools
    • GRABOW WOK (1991b) New trends in infections associated with swimming pools. Water Res. 17 173-177.
    • (1991) Water Res. , vol.17 , pp. 173-177
    • Grabow, W.O.K.1
  • 26
    • 8444248340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waterborne diseases: Update on water quality assessment and control
    • GRABOW WOK (1996) Waterborne diseases: Update on water quality assessment and control. Water SA 22 (2) 193-202.
    • (1996) Water SA , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-202
    • Grabow, W.O.K.1
  • 29
    • 0018544355 scopus 로고
    • Septic tank wastewater disposal system as phosphorus sources for surface water
    • JONES RA and LEEGF (1979) Septic tank wastewater disposal system as phosphorus sources for surface water. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 51 2764-2775.
    • (1979) J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. , vol.51 , pp. 2764-2775
    • Jones, R.A.1    Lee, G.F.2
  • 33
    • 0019024185 scopus 로고
    • The pollution hazard to village water supplies in eastern Botswana
    • LEWIS WJ, FARR JL and FOSTER SSD (1980a) The pollution hazard to village water supplies in eastern Botswana. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Part 2 69 281-293.
    • (1980) Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. , vol.69 , Issue.2 PART , pp. 281-293
    • Lewis, W.J.1    Farr, J.L.2    Foster, S.S.D.3
  • 35
    • 0037887209 scopus 로고
    • 25 October. Department of National Housing
    • MINISTRY IN THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT and THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL HOUSING (1995) Municipal Infrastructure Investment Framework. 25 October. Department of National Housing.
    • (1995) Municipal Infrastructure Investment Framework
  • 37
    • 15144350087 scopus 로고
    • A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand in fulfilment of an M.Sc.(Eng.) degree
    • MULLER AM (1989) The Evaluation and Health Impact of On-Site Sanitation. A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand in fulfilment of an M.Sc.(Eng.) degree.
    • (1989) The Evaluation and Health Impact of On-Site Sanitation
    • Muller, A.M.1
  • 38
    • 15144358210 scopus 로고
    • The Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine
    • Prepared by M A Heap
    • NATIONAL BUlLDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF THE CSIR (NBRI) (1984) The Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine. NBRI Information Sheet X/BOU 2-71 1984. Prepared by M A Heap.
    • (1984) NBRI Information Sheet X/BOU 2-71 1984
  • 39
    • 15144338559 scopus 로고
    • An engineering paper in environmental engineering submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, The Graduate School, The Pennsylvania State University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M. Eng. June
    • PALMER I (1981) Nitrates in the Groundwater Supply to Villages in Botswana. An engineering paper in environmental engineering submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, The Graduate School, The Pennsylvania State University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of M. Eng. June.
    • (1981) Nitrates in the Groundwater Supply to Villages in Botswana
    • Palmer, I.1
  • 41
    • 13044316904 scopus 로고
    • Research Report, Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality. Report No.II EQ 71-2. Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
    • PATTERSON JW, MINEAR RA and NEDVED TK (1971) Septic Tanks and the Environment. Research Report, Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality. Report No.II EQ 71-2. Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago.
    • (1971) Septic Tanks and the Environment
    • Patterson, J.W.1    Minear, R.A.2    Nedved, T.K.3
  • 42
    • 15144342350 scopus 로고
    • The movement of bacteria and viruses through porous media
    • Pettyjohn WA (ed.) Burgess Publishing Company, Minnesota
    • ROMERO JC (1972) The movement of bacteria and viruses through porous media. In: Pettyjohn WA (ed.) Water Quality in a Stressed Environment. Burgess Publishing Company, Minnesota.200-224.
    • (1972) Water Quality in a Stressed Environment , pp. 200-224
    • Romero, J.C.1
  • 43
    • 0000273972 scopus 로고
    • Literature review on the occurrence and survival of enteric, pathogenic, and relative organisms in soil, water, sewage, and sludges, and on vegetation
    • RUDOLFS W, FRANK LL and RAGOTZKIE RA (1950) Literature review on the occurrence and survival of enteric, pathogenic, and relative organisms in soil, water, sewage, and sludges, and on vegetation. Sewage and Ind. Wastes 22 (October) 1261-1281.
    • (1950) Sewage and Ind. Wastes , vol.22 , Issue.OCTOBER , pp. 1261-1281
    • Rudolfs, W.1    Frank, L.L.2    Ragotzkie, R.A.3
  • 44
    • 0017557573 scopus 로고
    • Movement of phosphorus from a septic system drainfield
    • SAWHNEY BL and STARR JL (1977) Movement of phosphorus from a septic system drainfield. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 49 2238-2242.
    • (1977) J. Water Poll. Control Fed. , vol.49 , pp. 2238-2242
    • Sawhney, B.L.1    Starr, J.L.2
  • 45
    • 0029138384 scopus 로고
    • Costs and affordability of water supply and sanitation provision in the urban areas of South Africa
    • VAN RYNEVELDMB (1995) Costs and affordability of water supply and sanitation provision in the urban areas of South Africa. Water SA 21 (1) 1-14.
    • (1995) Water SA , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Van Ryneveld, M.B.1
  • 46
    • 0017955382 scopus 로고
    • Travel of micro-organisms from a septic tile
    • VIRARAGHAVANT (1978) Travel of micro-organisms from a septic tile. Water, Air and Soil Pollut. 9 355-362.
    • (1978) Water, Air and Soil Pollut. , vol.9 , pp. 355-362
    • Viraraghavan, T.1
  • 47
    • 0020452698 scopus 로고
    • Effects of septic tank systems on environmental quality
    • VIRARAGHAVAN T (1982) Effects of septic tank systems on environmental quality. J. Environ. Manage. 15 63-70.
    • (1982) J. Environ. Manage. , vol.15 , pp. 63-70
    • Viraraghavan, T.1
  • 49
    • 15144357348 scopus 로고
    • On-Site Sanitation and Groundwater: The Pollution Risk: Executive Summary of Two IRCWD Reports
    • January, WHO International Reference Centre for Wastes Disposal, Duebendorf, Switzerland
    • WARD CF and SCHERTENLEIB R (1982) On-Site Sanitation and Groundwater: The Pollution Risk: Executive Summary of Two IRCWD Reports, IRCWD News, No. 16, January, WHO International Reference Centre for Wastes Disposal, Duebendorf, Switzerland. 2.
    • (1982) IRCWD News , Issue.16 , pp. 2
    • Ward, C.F.1    Schertenleib, R.2
  • 52
    • 0028873270 scopus 로고
    • A three-tier approach to protect groundwater resources in South Africa
    • XU Y and REYNDERS AG (1995) A three-tier approach to protect groundwater resources in South Africa. Water SA 21 (3) 177-186.
    • (1995) Water SA , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 177-186
    • Xu, Y.1    Reynders, A.G.2
  • 53
    • 0024475663 scopus 로고
    • Septic tank setback distances: A way to minimise virus contamination of drinking water
    • YATES MV and YATES SR (1989) Septic tank setback distances: A way to minimise virus contamination of drinking water. Groundwater 27 (2) 202-208.
    • (1989) Groundwater , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 202-208
    • Yates, M.V.1    Yates, S.R.2
  • 55
    • 0026908695 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and survival of nonionic surfactants in the surface, sea and groundwater of Israel
    • ZOLLER U (1992) Distribution and survival of nonionic surfactants in the surface, sea and groundwater of Israel. J. Environ. Sci. Health. A27 (6) 1521-1533.
    • (1992) J. Environ. Sci. Health. , vol.A27 , Issue.6 , pp. 1521-1533
    • Zoller, U.1
  • 56
    • 0027338009 scopus 로고
    • Groundwater contamination by detergents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - A global problem of organic contaminants: Is the solution locally specific?
    • ZOLLER U (1993) Groundwater contamination by detergents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - A global problem of organic contaminants: is the solution locally specific? Water Sci. Technol. 27 (7-8) 187-194.
    • (1993) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.27 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 187-194
    • Zoller, U.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.