Physical and structural properties of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core: A review

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 102, Issue C12, 1997, Pages 26559-26575

  Gow, A J ^a   Meese, D A ^a   Alley, R B ^b   Fitzpatrick, J J ^c   Anandakrishnan, S ^b   Woods, G A ^b   Elder, B C ^a  

^a Engineering Research and Development Center   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GISP2; ICE MECHANICS;

GREENLAND;

EID: 0031463189     PISSN: 21699275     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97JC00165     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Alley, R. B., and G. W. Woods, Impurity influence on normal grain growth in the GISP2 ice core, Greenland, J. Glaciol., 42, 255-260, 1996.
2. Alley, R. B., A. J. Gow, S. J. Johnsen, J. Kipfstuhl, D. A. Meese, and T. Thorsteinsson, Comparison of deep ice cores, Nature, 373, 393-394, 1995a.
3. Alley, R. B., A. J. Gow, and D. A. Meese, Mapping c-axis fabrics to study physical processes in ice, J. GLciol., 41, 197-203, 1995b.
4. Alley, R. B., A. J. Gow, D. A. Meese, J. J. Fitzpatrick, E. D. Waddington, and J. F. Bolzan, Grain-scale processes, folding, and strati-graphic disturbance in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
5. Anandakrishnan, S., J. J. Fitzpatrick, R. B. Alley, A. J. Gow, and D. A. Meese, Shear-wave detection of asymmetric c-axis fabrics in the GISP2 ice core, J. Glaciol., 40, 491-496, 1995.
6. Butkovich, T. R., Density of single crystals of ice from a temperate glacier, Rep. 7, 7 pp., U.S. Army Snow Ice and Permafrost Res. Estab., Wilmette, 111., 1953.
7. Cuffey, K. M., G. D. Clow, R. B. Alley, M. Stuiver, E. D. Waddington, and R. W. Saltus, Large Arctic temperature change at the Wiscon- sin-Holocene transition, Science, 270, 455-458, 1995.
8. Cunningham, J., and E. D. Waddington, Boudinage: A source of strati-graphic disturbance in glacial ice in central Greenland, J. Glaciol., 36, 269-272, 1990.
9. Dahl-Jensen, D., and N. S. Gundestrup, Constitutive properties of ice at Dye 3, Greenland, in The Physical Basis of Ice Sheet Modeling, edited by E. D. Waddington and J. S. Walder, IAHSPubl., 70, 31-43, 1987.
10. Dansgaard, W., H. B. Clausen, G. Gundestrup, C. U. Hammer, S. J. Johnsen, P. M. Christinsdottir, and N. Reeh, A new Greenland ice core, Science, 218, 1273-1277, 1982.
11. Fitzpatrick, J., Mineralogical composition of particulates from the GISP2 basal ice, paper presented at the GISP2/GRIP Wolfboro Workshop, GISP2 Sci. Manage. Off., Univ. of N. H., Wolfeboro, N. H., Sept. 16-21, 1995.
12. Gow, A. J., Bubbles and bubble pressures in Antarctic glacier ice, J. Glaciol., 7, 167-182, 1968a.
13. Gow, A. J., Deep core studies of the accumulation and densiflcation of snow at Byrd Station and Little America 5, Antarctica, Rep. 197, 45 pp., U.S. Army Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab., Hanover, N. H, 1968b.
14. Gow, A. J., Relaxation of ice in deep drill cores from Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 2533-2541, 1971.
15. Gow, A. J., and D. A. Meese, Nature of basal debris in the GISP2 and Byrd ice cores and its relevance to bed processes, Ann. Glaciol., 22, 134-140, 1996.
16. Gow, A. J., and T. C. Williamson, Rheological implications of the internal structure and crystal fabrics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet as revealed by deep core drilling at Byrd Station, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 87, 1665-1677, 1976.
17. Gow, A. J., D. A. Meese, and R. B. Alley, Discontinuities including possible distortion of the environmental record in cores of deep basal ice from central Greenland, Eos Trans. AGU, 74(43), Fall Meet. Suppl., 84, 1993.
18. Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Science Management Office, GISP2 core data report, 114 pp., Inst. for the Study of the Earth, Ocean and Space, Univ. of N. H., Durham, 1993.
19. Herron, S. L., and C. C. Langway, A comparison of ice fabrics and textures at Camp Century, Greenland and Byrd Station, Antarctica, Ann. GLciol., 3, 118-124, 1982.
20. Herron, S. L, C. C. Langway, and K. A. Brugger, Ultrasonic velocities and crystalline anisotropy in the ice core from Dye-3, in Greenland Ice Core: Geophysics, Geochemistry and the Environment, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 33, edited by C. C. Langway, H. Oeschger, and W. Dansgaard, pp. 23-31, AGU, Washington, D. C, 1985.
21. Kohnen, H., and A. J. Gow, Ultrasonic velocity investigations of crystal anisotropy in deep ice cores from Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4865-4874, 1979.
22. Langway, C. C, Bubble pressures in Greenland glacier ice, in Symposium of Chamonix, Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol. Publ., 47, 336-349, 1958.
23. Langway, C. C., Some physical and chemical investigations of a 411 meter deep Greenland ice core and their relationship to accumulation, in Colloquium of Obergurgl, Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol. Publ., 58, 189-198, 1962.
24. Robin, G. de Q., The Climatic Record in Polar Ice Sheets, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1983.
25. Shoji, H., and C. C. Langway Jr., Microscopic observations of the air hydrate-bubble transformation process in glacier ice, J. Physique, Colloq. CI, 48, suppl. 3, 551-556, 1987.
26. Souchez, R., J. L. Tison, R. Lorrain, M. Lemmens, L. Janssens, M. Stievenard, J. Jouzel, A. Sveinbjornsdottir, and S. J. Johnsen, Stable isotopes in the basal silty ice preserved in the Greenland Ice Sheet; environmental implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 693-696, 1994.
27. Souchez, R., M. Lemmens, and J. Chappellaz, Flow-induced mixing in the GRIP basal ice deduced from the CO2 and CH4 records, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 41-44, 1995.
28. Taylor, K. C, C. U. Hammer, R. B. Alley, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, A. J. Gow, N. S. Gundestrup, J. Kipfstuhl, J. Moore, and E. D. Waddington, Electrical conductivity measurements from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores, Nature, 366, 549-552, 1993.
29. Thorsteinsson, T., J. Kipfstuhl, J. Eicken, S. Johnsen, and K. Fuhrer, Crystal size variations in Eemian-age ice from the GRIP ice core, Central Greenland, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 131, 381-394, 1995.
30. Thorsteinsson, T., J. Kipfstuhl, and H. Miller, Textures and fabrics in the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
31. Tison, J. L., T. Thorsteinsson, R. D. Lorrain, and J. Kipfstuhl, Origin and development of textures and fabrics in basal ice at Summit, Central Greenland, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 125, 421-437, 1994.
32. Woods, G. A., Grain growth behavior of the GISP2 ice core from Central Greenland, Tech. Rep. 94-002, 83 pp., Earth Syst. Sci. Cent., Penn. State Univ., University Park, l994.