Hèunggóngyàhn: On the past, present, and future of Hong Kong identity

Critical Asian Studies

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 3-13

  Mathews, Gordon ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL IDENTITY; IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION; TERRITORIAL REUNIFICATION;

EID: 0031463127     PISSN: 14672715     EISSN: 14726033     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14672715.1997.10413089     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Gellner, Emest. 1983. Nations and Nationalism, 6–6. Oxford: Blackwell.
2. As quoted in Gargan Edward, China's Cloud Over Hong Kong: Is ‘97 Here? New York Times International 1995 July
3. Wai-kong, Fung. Feb. 1996. “ Public Softens Stance on Handover but Rights Fears Remain ”. In South China Morning Post, Feb., Hong Kong newspaper.
4. Siu, Helen. 1993. “ Cultural Identity and the Politics of Difference in South China ”. In Dœdalus 32–33. spring
5. for a quantitative portrait of Hong Kong attitudes at the time of the handover that largely mirrors the qualitative portrait sketched in this article. Since the completion of this paper, my students and I have been interviewing more explicitly working-class Hong Kong people, and have found a range of attitudes not dissimilar to those expressed in this paper
6. Kai-cheung, Chan. 1993. “ History ”. In The Other Hong Kong Report 1993, Edited by: Po-king, Choi, and Lok-sang, Ho. 457–457. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
7. As quoted in Lahm Cheui-fan Luhkchinnihnchihn yihyauh tou-jeuhk geuimahn Sing Tao Daily Hong Kong newspaper 1996 March Six thousand years ago, already there were native inhabitants of Hong Kong;The romanization of books and articles in Chinese published in Hong Kong are given in Cantonese in this paper, using the Yale system, as are their authors' names. For books and articles published in English by Hong Kong Chinese authors, as well as for the names of Hong Kong's Chinese newspapers, I use their own romanization of their names
8. As quoted in Higgins Andrew, One Territory but Two Histories Eastern Express Hong Kong newspaper 1995 Nov.
9. Hibbert, C., and Welsh, Frank. 1994. A History of Hong Kong, 80–80. London: HarperCollins.
10. Faahn-ji, Louh. 1983. Ngapin jinjang yuh Heunggong, 42–42. Hong Kong: Jaahpyihnseh. The Opium War and Hong Kong
11. Morris, Jan. 1993. Epilogue to an Empire, 194–195. London: Penguin Books.
12. Sihng-mouh, Yuh, and Suhk-wihng, Lauh, eds. 1995. Yihsahp saigei dik Heunggong, Hong Kong: Keihleuhn syuyihp yauhhaahn gungsi. Twentieth-Century Hong Kong
13. Where, one might ask, between British-influenced and Chinese-influenced histories of Hong Kong, are Hong Kong people's own versions of their history to be found? “There is not yet a Hong Kong history book which is able to use both Chinese and Western materials in giving a complete history of Hong Kong's political, social, and economic changes from different perspectives,” writes Kai-cheung Fok, Heung-gongsi: Gaauhohk chaamhaau jiliuh Joint Publishing Company Hong Kong 1995 1 33 33 Hong Kong History: Teaching Reference Materials as if Hong Kong has yet to find its own historical identity between the poles of “Chinese” and “Western
14. Wang, Kwok Nai. 1994. Hong Kong Braves 1997, 24–24. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Christian Institute.
15. Turner, Matthew. Jan. 1996. Alterity and Abundance: Early Aspirations to Cosmopolitan Lifestyle and Consumer Culture in Hong Kong, Jan., the Chinese University of Hong Kong. paper presented at the Second Annual Symposium on Cultural Criticism
16. As quoted in Spaeth Anthony, One Year and Counting Time International 1996 July
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18. As quoted in Richburg Keith, B. Fearful Press in Hong Kong Toes China's Hard Line International Herald Tribune 1995 March
19. As quoted in Turning Back the Clock in 1997 The Economist 1996 Jan.
20. As quoted in Tung Chee-hwa: In His Own Words Asiaweek 1996 Dec.
21. As quoted in Kwai-yan No, Tung Sees Role for Democrats in 1998 Polls South China Morning Post 1997 Jan.
22. As quoted in Gargan Edward, Airwave Thunder, Hong Kong Style International Herald Tribune 1997 Feb.
23. Siu-kai, Lau, and Hsin-chi, Kuan. 1988. The Ethos of the Hong Kong Chinese, 178–178. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
24. As cited in Gargan Edward, Will the Virtues of Tea Be Enough to Calm Hong Kong's Jitters? International Herald Tribune 1996 June
25. Lo, Alex. Feb. 1996. “ Growing Number Prefer to Be Identified as ‘Chinese,’ ”. In Eastern Express Feb..
26. DeGolyer, Michael E., 1993. “ A Collision of Cultures: Systemic Conflict in Hong Kong's Future with China ”. In One Culture, Many Systems: Politics in the Reunification of China, Edited by: McMillen, D., and DeGolyer, M., 280–281. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
27. This paper deals with “Hongkongese” and “Chinese” as cultural identities, butpays scant attention to the middle category of “Hong Kong Chinese,” an identity adhered to by many respondents in some surveys and by a few in others. Few people I interviewed identified themselves as “Hong Kong Chinese,” although this label may increase in importance in the future, as a neutral identity marker between what some may regard as the more politicized poles of “Hongkongese” and “Chinese.” Another middle category is that of Cantonese, the Guangdong cultural identity shared to a degree by Hong Kong and its hinterland, Guangdong Province. Certainly the economic integration of Hong Kong and Guangdong over the past decade has been extraordinary, as is emphasized in Reginald The Hong Kong-Guangdong Link Kwok Yin-wang, So Alvin, Y. Hong Kong University Press 1995 However, few people I have spoken with in Hong Kong seem to feel much shared sense of cultural identity with the people of Guangdong; at present, although perhaps not in future, cultural difference rather than cultural similarity between Hong Kong and Guangdong is what is stressed in Hong Kong
28. Po-king, Choi. 1993. “ Introduction ”. In The Other Hong Kong Report 1993, Edited by: Po-king, Choi, and Lok-sang, Ho. xxxiii–xxxiii. Hong Kong: Chinese Uni-versity Press.
29. Wai-jeun, Jeh. March 1996. “ Dou maht si yahn ”. In Ming Pao, March, Hong Kong newspaper. Remembrance from things left behind;Faat Fuh Chihng Column
30. Bing, Lauh. Feb. 1996. “ Jeung Jeun-sang: Ngoh batnahng chong huhngdang ”. In Daaihhohksin, Feb., magazine published at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Zhang Zhun-shen: I cannot walk when the light is red
31. Kin-ming, Liu. April 1996. “ Chinese and Far from Proud of It ”. In Eastern Express April, Letter to the Editor
32. Chu, David. Feb. 1996. “ Taunting the PLA Manifests Bigotry ”. In Eastern Express Feb., Letter to the Editor
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34. Hifumi, Arai. April 1996. “ Heunggong dik muhtlohk ”. In Seun Bou, April, Hong Kong Economic Daily. The downfall of Hong Kong
35. The translation of the lyrics of this song is that of Szeto Mirana May, in her paper Rethinking Community through ‘Hong Kong Identity’ as a Commodity, the Chinese University of Hong Kong 1996 Jan. presented at the Second Annual Symposium on Cultural Criticism
36. I explore the issue of consumptive choice and Hong Kong identity in my article Names and Identities in the Hong Kong Cultural Supermarket Dialectical Anthropology 399 419 nos. 3,4
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38. Pierson, Herbert. 1992. “ Cantonese, English, or Putonghua-Unresolved Communicative Issues in Hong Kong's Future ”. In Education and Society in Hong Kong: Toward One Country and Two Systems, Edited by: Postiglione, G., 185–185. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
39. For example Yiu Gwong-dungyahn mgong baahkwa? Sing Tao Daily, Editorial, 17 Hong Kong newspaper 1995 Aug. Don't Cantonese people need to speak Cantonese
40. As quoted in Gargan Edward, Will Mandarin Leave Cantonese Speakers in Hong Kong Tongue-Tied? International Herald Tribune 1996 Dec. Cantonese and putonghua (Mandarin) use the same basic writing system, but putonghua in China is written in simplified characters. Cantonese in Hong Kong is written using traditional Chinese characters and often uses expressions that are incomprehensible to mainland readers of putonghua
41. As quoted in Lo Felix, Mother's Tongue Is Best Eastern Express 1995 March
42. Wong, J., Apr. 1996. “ Happy Medium Seen for Future ”. In Eastern Express Apr., Letter to the Editor
43. As quoted in Becker Jasper, ‘Don't Pressure Us,’ Christopher Told South China Morning Post 1996 Nov.
44. As quoted in Yeung Chris, Actions, Not Words, ‘To Be the Test of Mainland Promises South China Morning Post 1996 June
45. Ho, Andy. Dec. 1996. “ Provisional Legislature Fails to Inspire Public Support ”. In South China Morning Post Dec..
46. Braude, Jonathan. Jan. 1997. “ New Breath of Optimism for Hong Kong's Future, Survey Reveals ”. In South China Morning Post Jan., That these pessimistic numbers were presented beneath a glowing headline I see as indicative of the efforts of Hong Kong newspapers to instill optimism in their readers about the control of China over Hong Kong. In April 1997 the South China Morning Post hired a mainland Chinese “senior consultant’-a founding editor of the China Daily, an official English-language newspaper in China. This move was criticized in Hong Kong as a possible indication of the coming muzzling of Hong Kong's English-language free press
47. Feb. 1995. “ ‘Human Rights’ Mask Racism ”. In Eastern Express, Feb., Report from Xinhua, The New China News Agency.
48. Kraar, Louis. June 1995. “ The Death of Hong Kong ”. In Fortune June.
49. As quoted in Friedman Alan, Gage Jonathan, A View from Hong Kong: China Must Change International Herald Tribune 1996 Nov.
50. Yeung, Chris. Oct. 1996. “ Anti-China ‘Forces’ Out to Use Hong Kong, Warns Tung ”. In South China Morning Post Oct..
51. As quoted in Wan Mariana, Ku Genevieve, Beyond Patriot Games South China Morning Post 1996 Dec.
52. The recent volume Human Rights and Chinese Values: Legal, Philosophical, and Political Perspectives Davis Michael, Oxford University Press Hong Kong 1995 offers little relativism. Human rights are universal, the contributors maintain, and current Chinese government policy violates human rights. See also Linda Butenhoff's article “East Meets West: Human Rights in Hong Kong,” Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 28, no. 2 (April-June 1996), pp. 4-15
53. Wei-ming, Tu. 1994. “ Cultural China ”. In The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Being Chinese Today, Edited by: Tu Wei-ming. 15–15. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
54. Dak-sahng, Dahng, ed. Feb. 1996. “ Geuihyauh junggwok dahksikdik seungban-chiuh ”. In Sing Tao Daily Feb., A new trend of commercial goods with Chinese character