Images and policy preferences

Political Psychology

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 813-829

  Schafer, Mark ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Foreign policy decision making; Image theory; Images; Policy choices

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031461411     PISSN: 0162895X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0162-895X.00080     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Beer, F. A., Healy, A. F., Sinclair, G. P., & Bourne, L. E., Jr. (1987). War cues and foreign policy acts. American Political Science Review, 81, 702-715.
2. Beer, F. A., Healy, A. F., Sinclair, G. P., & Bourne, L. E., Jr. (1995). Peace agreement, intractable conflict, escalation trajectory: A psychological laboratory experiment. International Studies Quarterly, 39, 297-312.
3. Brewer, M. B., Dull, V., & Lui, L. (1981). Perception of the elderly: Stereotypes as prototypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 656-670.
4. Boulding, K. (1956). The image. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
5. Bueno de Mesquita, B. (1982). The war trap. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
6. Cottam, M. (1986). Foreign policy decision making. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
7. Cottam, M. (1992). Contending dramas in American foreign policy. In M. Cottam & C. Shih (Eds.), Contending dramas: A cognitive approach to international organizations (pp. 75-100). New York: Praeger.
8. Cottam, R. (1977). Foreign policy motivation: A general theory and a case study. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press.
9. D'Agostino, B. (1995). Self-images of hawks and doves: A control systems model of militarism. Political Psychology, 16, 259-295.
10. Ethredge, L. (1978). A world of men: The private sources of American foreign policy. Cambridge: MIT Press.
11. George, A. (1980). Presidential decision making in foreign policy: The effective use of information and advice. Boulder, CO: Westview.
12. Hantzi, A. (1995). Change in stereotypic perceptions of familiar and unfamiliar groups: The pervasiveness of the subtyping model. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 463-477.
13. Hermann, M. (1980). Explaining foreign policy behavior using the personal characteristics of political leaders. International Studies Quarterly, 24, 7-46.
14. Hermann, M. (1984). Personality and foreign policy decision making: A study of 53 heads of government. In D. A. Sylvan & S. Chan (Eds.), Foreign policy decision making: Perception, cognition, and artificial intelligence (pp. 53-80). New York: Praeger.
15. Herrmann, R. (1984). Perceptions and foreign policy analysis. In D. A. Sylvan & S. Chan (Eds.), Foreign policy decision making: Perception, cognition and artificial intelligence (pp. 25-52). New York: Praeger.
16. Herrmann, R. (1985). Perceptions and behavior in Soviet foreign policy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
17. Herrmann, R., & Fischerkeller, M. P. (1995). Beyond the enemy image and spiral model: Cognitive-strategic research after the Cold War. International Organization 49, 415-450.
18. Hewstone, M. (1994). Revision and change of stereotypic beliefs: In search of the elusive subtyping model. European Review of Social Psychology, 5, 69-109.
19. Hewstone, M., Johnston, L., & Arid, P. (1992). Cognitive models of stereotype change: Subtyping and the perceived typicality of disconfirming group members. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 360-386.
20. Holsti, O. (1986). The belief system and national images: John Foster Dulles. In R. K. White (Ed.), Psychology and the prevention of nuclear war (pp. 322-335). New York: New York University Press.
21. Hurwitz, J., & Peffley, M. (1987). How are foreign policy attitudes structured?" American Political Science Review, 81, 1100-1120.
22. Janis, I. L., & Mann, L. (1977). Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice and commitment. New York: Free Press.
23. Jervis, R. (1976). Perception and misperception in international politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
24. Kinder, D. R., & Palfrey, T. R. (1993). On behalf of an experimental political science. In D. R. Kinder & T. R. Palgrey (Eds.), Experimental foundations of political science (pp. 1-39). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
25. Koopman, C., Snyder, J., & Jervis, R. (1990). Theory driven vs. data driven assessment in a crisis. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 34, 694-672.
26. Larson, D. W. (1985). Origins of containment: A psychological explanation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
27. McCauley, C. (1973). Extremity shifts, risk shifts, and attitude shifts. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 417-436.
28. Morgenthau, H. (1973). Politics among nations: The struggle for power and peace, 5th ed. New York: Knopf.
29. Schafer, M. (1997). Cooperation in an objective conflict of interest? Testing two psychological approaches. Journal of Politics.
30. Stein, A. (1990). Why nations cooperate: Circumstance and choice in international relations. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
31. Stoessinger, J. G. (1993). Why nations go to war, 6th ed. New York: St. Martin's Press.
32. Tetlock, P. (1983). Policy-makers' images of international conflict. Journal of Social Issues 39, 67-86.
33. Waltz, K. (1979). Theory of international politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
34. Winter, D. (1992). Personality and foreign policy: Historical overview of research. In E. Singer and V. Harper (Eds.), Political Psychology and Foreign Policy. Boulder: Westview.
35. Winter, D. (1993). Personality and leadership in the Gulf war. In S. A. Renshon (Ed.), The political psychology of the Gulf war: Leaders, Publics, and the Process of Conflict (pp. 107-117). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
36. Zinnes, D. A. (1966). A comparison of hostile behavior of decision-makers in simulate and historical data. World Politics, 18, 476-502.