The impact of multiple drug therapy on leprosy disabilities

Leprosy Review

Volumn 68, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 350-366

  Willcox, Merlin L ^a  

^a KEBLE COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLARITHROMYCIN; CLOFAZIMINE; DAPSONE; ETHIONAMIDE; ISONIAZID; LEPROSY VACCINE; MINOCYCLINE; PROTIONAMIDE; RIFAMPICIN; THIOACETAZONE;

DEFORMITY; DISABILITY; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG COST; ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HUMAN; LEPROSY; MOTIVATION; NEURITIS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; REVIEW;

EID: 0031458053     PISSN: 03057518     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.19970045     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Noordeen SK. Elimination of leprosy as a public health problem: progress and prospects. Bull WHO, 1995; 73: 1-6.
2. Kaur H, Ramesh V. Social problems of women leprosy patients- a study conducted at 2 urban leprosy centres in Delhi. Lepr Rev, 1994; 65: 361-375.
3. Kopparty SNM. Problems, acceptance and social inequality: a study of the deformed leprosy patients and their families, Lepr Rev, 1995; 6: 239-249.
4. Srinivasan H. Not by Chemotherapy alone, Int J Lepr, 1994; 62: 404-411.
5. Jacobson RR. Treatment of Leprosy. In: Hastings, RC (Ed). Leprosy. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1994.
6. Becx-Bleumink M, Berhe D, Mannetje WT. The management of nerve damage in the leprosy control services. Lepr Rev, 1990; 61: 1-11.
7. Job CK. Nerve damage in leprosy. Int J Lepr, 1989; 57: 532-539.
8. Hamilton J. Deformity prevention in the field: a systematic approach. Lepr Rev, 1983; 54: 229-37.
9. Magora A, Sheskin J, Sagher F, Gonen B. The condition of the peripheral nerve in leprosy under various forms of treatment. Int J Lepr, 1971; 39: 639-52.
10. Srinivasan H. Disability, deformity and rehabilitation. In: Hastings, RC (Ed). Leprosy. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1994.
11. Lienhardt C, Fine PEM. Type 1 reaction, neuritis and disability in leprosy. What is the current epidemiological situation? Lepr Rev, 1994; 65: 9-33.
12. Parkes M. The mechanism of nerve damage in leprosy. In: Ryan TJ, McDougall AC (Eds). Essays on Leprosy. Oxford: Alden Press, 1988.
13. Singh I, Kaur S, Khandelwal N, Kaur I, Deodhar SD. Arthritis in leprosy: clinical, laboratory and radiological assessments. Int J Lepr, 1994; 62: 428-33.
14. Orege PA, Obura M, Okelo C, Okuku P, Makokha S, Nyawalo J. Multidrug therapy for treatment of paucibacillary leprosy in western Kenya - preliminary communications. East Afr Med J, 1990; 67: 632-9.
15. Groenen G, Janssens L, Kayembe T, Nollet E, Coussens L, Pattyn SR. Prospective study on the relationship betweem intensive bactericidal therapy and leprosy reactions. Int J Lepr, 1986; 54: 236-44.
16. Jamet P, Traore I, Husser JA, Ji B. Short-term trial of clofazimine in previously untreated lepromatous leprosy. Int J Lepr, 1992; 60: 542-8.
17. Dietrich M, Gaus W, Kern P, Meyers WM. An International Randomised Study with long-term follow-up of single versus combination chemotherapy of muitibacillary leprosy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1994; 38: 2249-2257.
18. Ji B, Perani EG, Petinom C, N'deli L, Grosset JH. Clinical trial of ofloxacin alone and in combination with dapsone plus clofazimine for treatment of lepromatous leprosy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1994; 38: 662-7.
19. Fajardo TT, Villahermosa LG, dela Cruz EC, Abalos RM, Franzblau SG, Wlash GP. Minocycline in lepromatous leprosy. Int J Lepr, 1995; 63: 8-17
20. Ji B, Jamet P, Perani EG, Bobin P, Grosset JH. Powerful bactericidal activities of clarithromycin and minocycline against Mycobactenum leprae in lepromatous leprosy. J Infect Dis, 1993; 168: 188-90.
21. Thomas A, Balakrishnan A, Nagarajan M et al. Controlled clinical trial of two multidrug regimens with and without rifampicin in highly bacilliferous BL/LL South Indian patients: a five-year report. Int J Lepr, 1990; 58: 273-9.
22. Singh RP, Tiwari VD, Chattopadhyay SP. Comparative study of short term results in two multidrug regimens in muitibacillary leprosy, Ind J Lepr, 1993; 65: 173-180.
23. Pönnighaus JM, Boerrigter G. Are 18 doses of WHO/MDT sufficient for multibacillary leprosy; Results of a trial in Malawi. Int J Lepr, 1995; 63: 1-7.
24. Zaheer SA, Mukherjee R, Ramkumar B et al. Combined multidrug and Mycobacterium. w vaccine therapy in patients with muitibacillary leprosy. J Infect Dis, 1993; 167: 401-10.
25. Bametson RStC, Pearson JMH, Rees RJW. Evidence for prevention of borderline leprosy reactions by dapsone. Lancet, 1976; II: 1171-2.
26. Cree IA, Coghill G, Subedi AMC et al. Effects of treatment on the histopathology of leprosy. J Clin Pathol, 1995; 48: 304-7.
27. de Almeida Pernambuco JC, Cossermelli-Messina W. Rheumatic manifestations of leprosy: clinical aspects. J Rheumatol, 1993; 20: 897-9.
28. Atkin SL, El-Ghobarey A, Kamel M, Owen JP, Dick WC. Clinical and laboratory studies of arthritis in leprosy. BMJ, 1989; 298: 1423-5.
29. Cellona RV, Fajardo TT, Kim D et al. Joint Chemotherapy trials in lepromatous leprosy conducted in Thailand, the Philippines, and Korea. Int J Lepr, 1990; 58: 1-11.
30. Jadhav VH, Patki AH, Mehta JM. Comparison of two multidrug regimens in multibacillary leprosy. Ind J Lepr, 1992; 64: 501-4.
31. Zaheer SA, Misra RS, Sharma AK et al. Immunotherapy with Mycobacterium w vaccine decreases the incidence and severity of Type 2 (ENL) reactions. Lepr Rev, 1993; 64: 7-14.
32. Becx-Bleumink M. Multidrug therapy in the control of leprosy: a field study. Trop Geogr Med, 1994; 46: 109-14.
33. Bwire R, Kawuma HJS. Hospital-based epidemiological study of reactions, Buluba Hospital, 1985-89. Lepr Rev, 1993; 64: 325-9.
34. Ridley DS, Waters MFR. Significance of variations within the lepromatous group. Lepr Rev, 1969; 40: 143-52.
35. WHO Study Group on Chemotherapy of Leprosy. Chemotherapy of leprosy. WHO technical report series: 847. Geneva: WHO, 1994.
36. Post E, chin A lien RA, Bouman C, Naafs B, Faber WR. Lepra in Nederland in de periode 1970-1991. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 1994; 138: 1960-3.
37. Burte NP, Chandorkar AG, Muley MP, Balsara JJ, Bulakh PM. Clofazimine in Lepra (ENL) reactions: one year clinical trial. Lepr India, 1983; 55: 265-77.
38. Helmy HS, Pearson JMH, Waters MFR. Treatment of moderately severe erythema nodosum leprosum with clofazimine - a controlled trial. Lepr Rev, 1972; 42: 167-77.
39. Courtright P, Lewallen S, Li H, Hu L, Yang J. Lagophthalmos in a multibacillary population under multidrug therapy in the People's Republic of China. Lepr Rev, 1995; 66: 214-9.
40. Wadell KM, Saunderson PR. Is leprosy blindness avoidable? Br J Ophthalmol, 1995; 79: 250-6.
41. Daniel E, Chacko S, Arunthathi S. Lid retraction as an indicator of lagophthalmos in leprosy: a preliminary report. Int J Lepr, 1994; 62: 436-7.
42. Mane I, Grauwin MY, Cartel JL. Fréquence d'apparition de maux perforants plantaires chez des malades hanseniens en fonction du traitement par disulfone seule ou polychimiothérapie. Acta Leprol, 1995; 9: 127-31.
43. Saunderson PR, Seboka G. Protective footwear for leprosy patients with sole sensory loss or ulceration of the foot. Lepr Rev, 1995; 66: 257-63.
44. Husser JA, Baquillon G, Pattyn SR. Comparaison de trois régimes thérapeutiques dans la lèpre paucibacillaire: Note préliminaire. Acta Leprol, 1986; IV: 447-52.
45. Bhate RD, Gupta CM, Chattopadhay SP, Singh IP. Experience with multidrug therapy in paucibacillary leprosy. Ind J Lepr, 1986; 58: 244-250.
46. Pattyn SR, Groenen G, Janssens L et al. A controlled therapeutic trial in paucibacillary leprosy comparing a single dose of rifampicin with a single dose of rifampicin followed by one year of daily dapsone. Lepr Rev, 1991; 62: 179-85.
47. Pattyn SR, Ghys P, Janssens L et al. A randomized clinical trial of two single-dose treatments for paucibacillary leprosy. Lepr Rev, 1994; 65: 45-57.
48. Levy L. THELEP controlled clinical trials in lepromatous leprosy. Lepr Rev, 1983; 54: 167-76.
49. Husser JA, Activity of two doses of rifampin against Mycobacterium leprae. Int J Lepr, 1994; 62: 359-64.
50. Grosset JH, Ji B, Guelpa-Lauras CC, Perani EG, N'Deli LN. Clinical trial of pefioxacin and ofloxacin in the treatment of lepromatous leprosy. Int J Lepr, 1990; 58: 281-295.
51. Smith WCS. The epidemiology of disability in leprosy including risk factors. Lepr Rev, 1992; 63 (suppl): 23s-30s.
52. Smith WCS, Parkhe SM. Disability assessment as a measure of progress in leprosy control. Lepr Rev, 1986; 57: 251-9
53. Richardus JH, Finlay KM, Croft RP, Smith WCS. Nerve function impairment in leprosy at diagnosis and at completion of MDT: a retrospective cohort study of 786 patients in Bangladesh. Lepr Rev, 1996; 67: 297-305.
54. Revankar CR, Pawar PL, Belurkar LS, Pai RR, Ganapati R. Reduction in caseload after multidrug therapy in an urban leprosy control programme - a retrospective study in Bombay. Lepr Rev, 1991; 62: 44-48.
55. Waaldijk K, The actual leprosy situation within Katsina State, Nigeria. Lepr Rev, 1988; 59: 355-361.
56. Courtright P, Hu L, Li H, Lewallen S. Multidrug therapy and eye disease in leprosy: a cross-sectional study in the People's Republic of China. Int J Epidermiol, 1994; 23: 835-42.
57. Li H, Yu-Lin P, Yang W. Leprosy control in Shandong province, China, 1955-1983; Some epidemiological features. Int J Lepr. 1985; 53: 79-85.
58. Theuvenet WJ, Soares D, Baral JP et al. Mass survey of Leprosy in Lalitpur district, Nepal. Int J Lepr, 1994; 62: 256-262.
59. Chopra NK, Agarwal JS, Pandya PG. Impact of multidrug therapy on leprosy in Baroda district (Gujarat). Ind J Lepr, 1989; 61: 179-89.
60. Pirayavaraporn C, Peerapakom S. The measurement of the epidemiological impact of multidrug therapy. Lepr Rev, 1992; 63 (supplement): 84s-92s.
61. Boerrigter G, Pönnighaus JM. Does the introduction of WHO-MDT influence trends in the incidence of leprosy? - the Malaian experience. Lepr Rev, 1993; 64: 227-235.
62. Li H, Weng X, Li T et al. Long-term effect of leprosy control in two prefectures of China, 1955-1993. Int J Lepr, 1995; 63: 213-221.
63. Cartel J-L, Spiegel A, Nguyen Ngoc L, Moulia-Pelat J-P, Martin PMV, Grosset J-H. Leprosy in French Polynesia. The possible impact of multidrug therapy on epidemiological trends. Lepr Rev, 1992; 63: 223-230.
64. Smith WCS, Antin US, Patole AR. Disability in leprosy: a relevant measurement of progress in leprosy control. Lepr Rev, 1980; 51: 155-66.
65. Jakeman P, Jakeman NRP, Singay J. Trends in Leprosy in the Kingdom of Bhutan, 1982-1992. Lepr Rev, 1995; 66: 69-75.
66. Radhakrishna S, Nair NGK. Association between regularity in Dapsone (DDS) treatment and development of deformity. Int J Lepr, 1987; 55: 425-434.
67. Keeler RF, Ryan MA. The incidence of disabilities in Hansen's disease after the commencement of chemotherapy. Lepr Rev, 1980; 51: 149-154.
68. Rao PS, Subramanian M, Subramanian G. Deformity incidence in leprosy patients treated with multidrug therapy. Ind J Lepr, 1994; 66: 449-54.
69. Gupte MD. Dapsone treatment and deformities: a retrospective study. Lepr India, 1979; 51: 218-35.
70. Becx-Bleumink M. Relapses in leprosy patients after release from dapsone monotherapy; Experience in the leprosy control program of the all Africa leprosy and rehabilitation training center (ALERT) in Ethiopia. Int J Lepr, 1992; 60: 161-72.
71. Lienhardt C, Fine PEM. Controlling leprosy. BMJ, 1992; 305: 206-7.
72. Noordeen SK. Elimination of leprosy as a public health problem. Int J Lepr, 1994; 62: 278-283.
73. Day R, Lever P, Asri M. Leprosy control in 7 districts of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 1986-91. Lepr Rev, 1992; 63: 247-254.
74. Suite M, Edinborough NB. A second report on multidrug therapy for leprosy in Trinidad and Tobago. Lepr Rev, 1989; 60: 288-299.
75. Andrade VLG, Marques AB, da Cunha LHV, Avelleira JR. Feasibility of multidrug therapy (MDT) in Hansen's disease in an urban population - Curupaiti State Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Int J Lepr, 1987; 55: 435-440.
76. Ekambaram V, Rao MK. Changing picture of leprosy in North Arcot District, Tamil Nadu after MDT. Ind J Lepr, 1989; 61: 31-43.
77. Martelli CMT et al. Changes in leprosy clinical pattern after multidrug therapy implementation. Int J Lepr, 1995; 63: 95-7.
78. Antia NH. Overview, of leprosy: four decades of personal observations. ILA Forum, 1995; 2(2): 6-10.
79. Daniel E. Multidrug Therapy and After: Changing Visage of Ocular Leprosy. Int J Lepr, 1994; 62: 437-9.
80. Lechat MF, Declercq EE, Misson CB, Vellut CM. Selection of MDT strategies through epidemiometric modeling. Int J Lepr, 1990; 58: 296-301.
81. Fine PEM. Reflections on the elimination of leprosy. Int J Lepr, 1992; 60: 71-80.
82. Pönnighaus JM, Fine PEM, Sterne JAC, Malema SS, Bliss L, Wilson RJ. Extended schooling and good housing conditions are associated with reduced risk of leprosy in rural Malawi. Int J Lepr, 1994; 62: 345-352.
83. Bryceson A, Pfaltzgraff RE. Leprosy. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1990.
84. The Leprosy Mission. What your gift will achieve. New Day, 1995; 355: 8.
85. Crawford CL Leprosy, is the strategy wrong? Nature, 1975; 254: 168-70.