A long-term study of Pinus banksiana population dynamics

Journal of Vegetation Science

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 241-254

  Kenkel, N C ^a   Hendrie, M L ^a   Bella, I E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^b LAURENTIAN FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Autocorrelation; Boreal forest; Competition; Density dependent mortality; Self thinning; Size asymmetry; Size inequality; Spatial pattern

Indexed keywords

PINUS BANKSIANA;

EID: 0031457414     PISSN: 11009233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3237353     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Anderson, L.E., Crum, H.A. & Buck, W.R. 1990. List of mosses of North America north of Mexico. Bryologist 93: 448-499.
2. Antonovics, J. & Levin, D.A. 1980. The ecological and genetic consequences of density-dependent regulation in plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11: 411-452.
3. Archibald, D.J. & Bowling, C. 1995. Jack pine density management diagram for boreal Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Northeast and Northwest Science and Technology. Publication TN-005 (NWST TN-31). Thunder Bay, Ontario.
4. Bella, I.E. 1968. Jack pine yield tables for southeastern Manitoba. Dept. of Fisheries and Forestry, Publication Number 1207, Ottawa, Ontario.
5. Bella, I.E. & DeFranceschi, J.P. 1974. Analysis of jack pine thinning experiments, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Dept. Environment, Canadian Forestry Service, Publication No. 1338, Ottawa, Ontario.
6. Benjamin, L.R. & Hardwick, R.C. 1986. Sources of variation and measures of variability in even-aged stands of plants. Ann. Bot. 58: 757-778.
7. Buchman, R.G., Pederson, S.P. & Walters, N.R. 1983. A tree survival model with applications to species of the Great Lakes region. Can. J. For. Res. 13: 601-608.
8. Buford, M.A. & Hafley, W.L. 1985. Probability distributions as models for mortality. For. Sci. 31: 331-341.
9. Burdon, J.J., Wennström, A., Miller, W.J. & Ericson, L. 1994. Spatial patterning in young stands of Pinus sylvestris in relation to mortality caused by the snow blight pathogen Phacidium infestans. Oikos 71: 130-136.
10. Cannell, M.G.R. & Grace, J. 1993. Competition for light: detection, measurement and quantification. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 1969-1979.
11. Cannell, M.G.R., Rothery, P. & Ford, E.D. 1984. Competition within stands of Picea sitchensis and Pinus contorta. Ann. Bot. 53: 349-362.
12. Carleton, T.J. & Wannamaker, B.A. 1987. Mortality and self-thinning in postfire black spruce. Ann. Bot. 59: 621-628.
13. Cayford, J.H., Chrosciewicz, Z. & Sims, H.P. 1967. A review of silvicultural research in jack pine. Dept. of Forestry and Rural Development, Canada. Forestry Branch Publication Number 1173, Ottawa, Ontario.
14. Chrosciewicz, Z. 1971. The growth response of young jack pine to moderate and extreme stand densities. Canadian Forestry Service, Bi-monthly Res. Notes 27: 6.
15. Cooper, C.F. 1961. Pattern in ponderosa pine forests. Ecology 42: 493-499.
16. Creasy, M.A. 1956. Confidence limits for the gradient in the linear functional relationship. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 18: 65-69.
17. Czárán, T. & Bartha, S. 1992. Spatiotemporal dynamic models of plant populations and communities. Trends Ecol. Evol. 7: 38-42.
18. Donnelly, K. 1978. Simulations to determine the variance and edge-effect of total nearest neighbour distance. In: Hodder, I. (ed.) Simulation methods in archaeology, pp. 91-95. Cambridge University Press, London.
19. Drew, T.J. & Flewelling, J.W. 1979. Stand density management: an alternative approach and its application to Douglas-fir plantations. For. Sci. 25: 518-532.
20. Firbank, L.G. & Watkinson, A.R. 1987. On the analysis of competition at the level of the individual plant. Oecologia (Berl.) 71: 308-317.
21. Ford, E.D. 1975. Competition and stand structure in some even-aged plant monocultures. J. Ecol. 63: 311-333.
22. Ford, E.D. & Diggle, P.J. 1981. Competition for light in a plant monoculture modelled as a spatial stochastic process. Ann. Bot. 48: 481-500.
23. Fowells, H.A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States. United States Dept. Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 271, Washington, DC.
24. Franklin, J.F., Shugart, H.H. & Harmon, M.E. 1987. Tree death as an ecological process. Bioscience 37: 550-556.
25. Haase, P. 1995. Spatial pattern analysis in ecology based on Ripley's k-function: Introduction and methods of edge correction. J. Veg. Sci. 6: 575-582.
26. Halliday, W.E.D. & Brown, A.W.A. 1943. The distribution of some important forest trees in Canada. Ecology 24: 353-373.
27. Hara, T. 1985. A model for mortality in a self-thinning plant population. Ann. Bot. 55: 667-674.
28. Hara, T. 1988. Dynamics of size structure in plant populations. Trends Ecol. Evol. 3: 129-133.
29. Hegyi, F. 1972. Dry matter distribution in jack pine stands in northern Ontario. For. Chron. 48: 193-197.
30. Hirsch, K.G. 1991. A chronological overview of the 1989 fire season in Manitoba. For. Chron. 67: 358-365.
31. Huston, M. 1986. Size bimodality in plant populations: an alternative hypothesis. Ecology 67: 265-269.
32. Kenkel, N.C. 1988. Pattern of self-thinning in jack pine: testing the random mortality hypothesis. Ecology 69: 1017-1024.
33. Kenkel, N.C., Hoskins, J.A. & Hoskins, W.D. 1989a. Local competition in a naturally established jack pine stand. Can. J. Bot. 67: 2630-2635.
34. Kenkel, N.C., Hoskins, J.A. & Hoskins, W.D. 1989b. Edge effects in the use of area polygons to study competition. Ecology 70: 272-274.
35. Ker, M.F. 1980. Tree biomass equations for ten major species in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. Canadian Forestry Service, Maritimes Forest Research Centre. Information Report M-X-108. Fredericton, NB.
36. Kikuzawa, K. 1993. Self-thinning line and B-point line of the yield-density diagram in a young birch stand. For. Ecol. Manage. 58: 287-298.
37. Knox, R.G., Peet, R.K. & Christensen, N.L. 1989. Population dynamics in loblolly pine stands: changes in skewness and size inequality. Ecology 70: 1153-1166.
38. Laessle, A.M. 1965. Spacing and competition in natural stands of sand pine. Ecology 46: 65-72.
39. Lee, Y. 1971. Predicting mortality for even-aged stands of lodgepole pine. For. Chron. 47: 29-32.
40. Liu, J. & Burkhart, H.E. 1994. Spatial characteristics of diameter and total height in juvenile loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. For. Sci. 40: 774-786.
41. Long, J.N. 1985. A practical approach to density management. For. Chron. 61: 23-27.
42. Lonsdale, W.M. 1990. The self-thinning rule: dead or alive? Ecology 71: 1373-1388.
43. Manly, B.F. 1991. Randomization and Monte Carlo methods in biology. Chapman & Hall, London.
44. Mead, R. 1966. A relationship between individual plant spacing and yield. Ann. Bot. 30: 301-309.
45. Mohler, C.L., Marks, P.L. & Sprugel, D.G. 1978. Stand structure and allometry of trees during self-thinning of pure stands. J. Ecol. 66: 599-614.
46. Mueller-Dombois, D. 1964. The forest habitat types of southeastern Manitoba and their application to forest management. Can. J. Bot. 42: 1417-1444.
47. Nagashima, H., Terashima, I. & Katoh, S. 1995. Effects of plant density on frequency distributions of plant height in Chenopodium album stands: analysis based on continuous monitoring of height-growth of individual plants. Ann. Bot. 75: 173-180.
48. Nilsson, U. & Albrektson, A. 1994. Growth and self-thinning in two young Scots pine stands planted at different initial densities. For. Ecol. Manage. 68: 209-215.
49. Okabe, A., Boots, B. & Sugihara, K. 1992. Spatial tessellations. Concepts and applications of Voronoi diagrams. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
50. Osawa, A. & Sugita, S. 1989. The self-thinning rule: another interpretation of Weller's results. Ecology 70: 279-283.
51. Peet, R.K. & Christensen, N.L. 1980. Succession: a population process. Vegetatio 43: 131-140.
52. Peet, R.K. & Christensen, N.L. 1987. Competition and tree death. Bioscience 37: 586-595.
53. Reed, D.D. & Burkhart, H.E. 1985. Spatial autocorrelation of individual tree characteristics in loblolly pine stands. For. Sci. 31: 575-587.
54. Ripley, B.D. 1977. Modelling spatial patterns. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 39: 172-212.
55. Schlesinger, W.H. & Gill, D.S. 1978. Demographic studies of the chaparral shrub, Ceanothus metacarpus, in the Santa Ynez Mountains, California. Ecology 59: 1256-1263.
56. Scoggan, H.J. 1978. The Flora of Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
57. Sheil, D., Burslem, D.F.R.P. & Alder, D. 1995. The interpretation and misinterpretation of mortality rate measures. J. Ecol. 83: 331-333.
58. Sinclair, D.F. 1985. On tests of spatial randomness using mean nearest neighbor distance. Ecology 66: 1084-1085.
59. Sprugel, D.G. 1984. Density, biomass, productivity, and nutrient-cycling changes during stand development in waveregenerated balsam fir forests. Ecol. Monogr. 54: 165-186.
60. Upton, G. & Fingleton, B. 1985. Spatial data analysis by example. Volume I. Point pattern and quantitative data. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
61. Vacek, S. & Lepš, J. 1996. Spatial dynamics of forest decline: the role of neighbouring trees. J. Veg. Sci. 7: 789-798.
62. Verwijst, T. 1989. Self-thinning in even-aged natural stands of Betula pubescens. Oikos 56: 264-268.
63. Watkinson, A.R., Lonsdale, W.M. & Firbank, L.G. 1983. A neighbourhood approach to self-thinning. Oecologia (Berl.) 56: 381-384.
64. Weiner, J. 1990. Asymmetric competition in plant populations. Trends Ecol. Evol. 5: 360-364.
65. Weiner, J. 1995. Following the growth of individuals in crowded plant populations. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10: 389-390.
66. Weiner, J. & Thomas, S.C. 1986. Size variability and competition in plant monocultures. Oikos 47: 211-222.
67. Weller, D.E. 1987. A reevaluation of the -3/2 power rule of plant self-thinning. Ecol. Monogr. 57: 23-42.
68. West, P.W. & Borough, C.J. 1983. Tree suppression and the self-thinning rule in a monoculture of Pinus radiata D. Don. Ann. Bot. 52: 149-158.
69. West, P.W., Jackett, D.R. & Borough, C.J. 1989. Competitive processes in a monoculture of Pinus radiata D. Don. Oecologia (Berl.) 81: 57-61.
70. Westoby, M. 1982. Frequency distributions of plant size during competitive growth of stands: the operation of distribution-modifying functions. Ann. Bot. 50: 733-735.
71. Yarranton, M. & Yarranton, G.A. 1975. Demography of a jack pine stand. Can. J. Bot. 53: 310-314.
72. Zavitkovski, J., Jeffers, R.M., Nienstaedt, H. & Strong, T.G. 1981. Biomass production of several jack pine provenances at three Lake States locations. Can. J. For. Res. 11: 441-447.
73. Zeide, B. 1985. Tolerance and self-tolerance of trees. For. Ecol. Manage. 13: 149-166.
74. Zeide, B. 1987. Analysis of the 3/2 power rule of self-thinning. For. Sci. 33: 517-537.