α-hemolysin, γ-hemolysin, and leukocidin from Staphylococcus aureus: Distant in sequence but similar in structure

Protein Science

Volumn 6, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 2631-2635

  Gouaux, Eric ^a   Hobaugh, Michael ^b   Song, Langzhou ^b  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Heptameric channels; Leukocidin; Pore forming bacterial toxins; Staphylococcus aureus; Transmembrane barrel; hemolysin; hemolysin

Indexed keywords

HEMOLYSIN; LEUKOCIDIN; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS TOXIN;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); STAPHYLOCOCCUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 0031454754     PISSN: 09618368     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560061216     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Bayley H. 1995. Pore-forming proteins with built-in triggers and switches. Bioorg Chem 23:340-354.
2. Bhakdi S, Bayley H, Valeva A, Walev I, Walker B, Weller U, Kehoe M, Palmer M. 1996. Staphylococcal alpha-toxin, streptolysin-O, and Escherichia coli hemolysin: Prototypes of pore-forming bacterial cytolysins. Arch Microbiol 165:73-79.
3. Bhakdi S, Muhly M, Korom S, Hugo F. 1989. Release of interleukin-1β associated with potent cytocidal action of Staphylococcal alpha-toxin on human monocytes. Infect Immun 57:3512-3519.
4. Bhakdi S, Muhly M, Mannhardt U, Hugo F, Klapettek K, Mueller-Eckhardt C, Roka L. 1988. Staphylococcal α-toxin promotes blood coagulation via attack on human platelets. J Exp Med 165:527-542.
5. Bhakdi S, Tranum-Jensen J. 1991. Alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Rev 55:733-751.
6. Bjellqvist B, Hughes GJ, Pasquali C, Paquet N, Ravier F, Sanchez J-C, Frutiger S, Hochstrasser DF. 1993. The focusing positions of polypeptides in immobilized pH gradients can be predicted from their amino acid sequences. Electrophoresis 14:1023-1031.
7. Bjellqvist B, Basse B, Olsen E, Cells JE. 1994. Reference points for comparisons of two-dimensional maps of proteins from different human cell types defined in a pH scale where isoelectric points correlate with polypeptide compositions. Electrophoresis 15:529-539.
8. Budarina ZI, Sinev MA, Mayorov SG, Tomashevski AY, Shmelev IV, Kuzmin NP. 1994. Hemolysin II is more characteristic of Bacillus thuringiensis than Bacillus cereus. Arch Microbiol 161:252-257.
9. Choorit W, Kaneko J, Muramoto K, Kamio Y. 1995. Existence of a new protein component with the same function as the LukF component of leukocidin or γ-hemolysin and its gene in Staphylococcus aureus P83. FEBS Lett 357:260-264.
10. Cooney J, Kienle Z, Foster TJ, O'Toole PW. 1993. The gamma-hemolysin locus of Staphyococcus aureus comprises three linked genes, two of which are identical to the genes for the F and S components of leukocidin. Infect Immun 61:768-771.
11. Cribier B, Prevost G, Couppie P, Finck-Barbançon V, Grosshans E, Piémont Y. 1992. Staphylococcus aureus leukocidin: A new virulence factor in cutaneous infections? An epidemiological and experimental study. Dermatology 185:175-180.
12. Deisenhofer J, Epp O, Miki K, Huber R, Michel H. 1985. Structure of the protein subunits in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Rhodopseudomonas viridis at 3 Å resolution. Nature 318:618-624.
13. Fang Y, Cheley S, Bayley H, Yang J. 1997. The heptameric prepore of a Staphylococcal α-hemolysin mutant in lipid bilayers imaged by atomic force microscopy. Biochemistry 36:9518-9522.
14. Finck-Barbançon V, Duportail G, Meunier O, Colin DA. 1993. Pore formation by a two-component leukocidin from Staphylococcus aureus within the membrane of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1182:275-282.
15. GCG. Genetics Computer Group. 1996. Wisconsin Package. Madison, Wisconsin.
16. Gouaux E. 1997a. Channel-forming toxins: Tales of transformation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 7:566-573.
17. Gouaux E. 1997b. α-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus: An archetypal pore-forming toxin. J Struct Biol. Forthcoming.
18. Gouaux JE, Braha O, Hohaugh MR, Song L, Cheley S, Shustak C, Bayley H. 1994. Subunit stoichiometry of staphylococcal α-hemolysin in crystals and on membranes: A heptameric transmembrane pore. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:12828-12831.
19. Huang X. 1994 On global sequence alignment. Comput Appl Biosci 10:227-235.
20. Hunter SEC, Brown JE, Oyston PCF, Sakurai J, Titball RW. 1993. Molecular genetic analysis of beta-toxin of Clostridium perfingens reveals sequence homology with alpha-toxin, gamma-toxin, and leukocidin of Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 61:3958-3965.
21. Jursch R, Hildebrand A, Hobom G, Tranum-Jensen J, Ward R, Kehoe M, Bhakdi S. 1994. Histidine residues near the N terminus of Staphylococcal alpha-toxin as reporters of regions that are critical for oligomerization and pore formation. Infect Immun 62:2249-2256.
22. Krishnasastry M, Walker B, Braha O, Bayley H. 1994. Surface labeling of key residues during assembly of the transmembrane pore formed by staphylococcal α-hemolysin. FEBS Lett 356:66-71.
23. Lesieur C, Vécsey-Semjén B, Abrami L, Fivaz M, van der Goot FG. 1997. Membrane insertion: The strategies of toxins (review). Mol Membr Biol 14:45-64.
24. Menzies BE, Kernodle DS. 1994. Site-directed mutagenesis of the alpha-toxin gene of Staphylococcus aureus: Role of histidines in toxin activity in vitro and in a murine model. Infect Immun 62:1843-1847.
25. Panchal RG, Bayley H. 1995. Interactions between residues in Staphylococcal α-hemolysin revealed by reversion mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 270:23072-23076.
26. Prévost G, Cribier B, Couppié P, Petiau P, Supersac G, Fmck-Barbançon V, Monteil H, Piemont Y. 1995a. Panton-Valentine leukocidin and gamma-hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49775 are encoded by distinct genetic loci and have different biological activities. Infect Immun 63:4121-4129.
27. Prévost, G, Bouakham T, Piemont Y, Monteil H. 1995b. Characterization of a synergohymenotropic toxin produced by Staphylococcus intermedius. FEBS Lett 176-135-140.
28. Rahman A, Izaki K, Kato I, Kamio Y. 1991. Nucleotide sequence of leukocidin S-component gene (lukS) from methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 181:138-144.
29. Rahman A, Nariya H, Izaki K, Kato I, Kamio Y. 1992. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of leukocidin F-component gene (lukF) from methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 184:640-646.
30. Rahman A, Izaki K, Kamio Y. 1993. Gamma-hemolysin genes in the same family with lukF and lukS genes in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biosci Biotech Biochem 57:1234-1236.
31. Sinev MA, Budarina ZI, Gavrilenko IV, Tomashevskii AY, Kuzmin NV. 1993. Evidence for the existence of Bacillus cereus hemolysin II: Cloning of hemolysin II genetic determinant. Mol Biol 27:753-760.
32. Smith ML, Price SA. 1938. Staphylococcus γ-haemolysin. J Pathol Bacteriol 47:379-393.
33. Smith RF, Smith TF. 1990. Automatic generation of primary sequence patterns from sets of related protein sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 118-122.
34. Smith RF, Smith TF. 1992. Pattern-induced multi-sequence alignment (PIMA) algorithm employing secondary structure-dependent gap penalties for use in comparative protein modeling. Prot Eng 5:35-41.
35. Song L, Hobaugh MR, Shustak C, Cheley S, Bayley H, Gouaux JE. 1996. Structure of Staphyloccal α-hemolysin, a heplameric transmembrane pore. Science 274:1859-1866.
36. Sugawara N, Tomita T, Kamio Y. 1997. Assembly of Staphylococcus aureus γ-hemolysin into a pore-forming ring-shaped complex on the surface of human erythrocytes. FEBS Lett 410:333-337.
37. Supersac G. Prévost G. Piemont Y. 1993. Sequencing of leucocidin R from Staphylococcus aureus P83 suggests that Staphylococcal leucocidins and gamma-hemolysin are members of a single two-component family of toxins. Infect Immun 61:580-587.
38. Suttorp N, Hessz T, Seeger W, Wilke A, Koob R, Lutz F, Drenckhahn D. 1988. Bacterial exotoxins and endothelial permeability for water and albumin in vitro. Am J Physiol 255:C368-C376.
39. Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. 1994. CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673-4680.
40. Tomita T, Kamio Y. 1997. Molecular biology of pore-forming cytolysins from Staphylococcus aureus, α-and γ hemolysins and leukocidin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 61:565-572.
41. Valeva A, Weisser A, Walker B, Kehoe M, Bayley H, Bhakdi S, Palmer M. 1996. Molecular architecture of a toxin pore: A 15-residue sequence lines the transmembrane channel of staphylococcal α-toxin. EMBO J 15:1857-1864.
42. Walev I, Martin E, Jonas D, Mohamadzadeh M, Müller-Klieser W, Kunz L, Bhakdi S. 1993. Staphylococcal alpha-toxin kills human keratinocytes by permeabilizing the plasma membrane for monovalent ions. Infect Immun 61: 4972-4979.
43. Walker B, Bayley H. 1995a. Key residues for membrane binding, oligomerization, and pore forming activity of Staphylococcal α-hemolysin identified by cysteine scanning mutagenesis and targeted chemical modification. J Biol Chem 270:23065-23071.
44. Walker B, Bayley H. 1995b. Restoration of pore-forming activity in staphylococcal α-hemolysin by targeted covalent modification. Protein Eng 8:491-495.
45. Walker B, Krishnasastry M, Zorn L, Bayley H. 1992. Assembly of the oligomeric membrane pore formed by Staphylococcal α-hemolysin examined by truncation mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 267:21782-21786.
46. Weiss MS, Schulz GE. 1992. Structure of porin refined at 1.8 Å resolution. J Mol Biol 227:493-509.
47. Wimley WC, White SH. 1996. Experimentally determined hydrophobicity scale for proteins at membrane interfaces. Nat Struct Biol 3:842-848.
48. Woodin AM. 1960. Purification of the two components of leucocidin from Staphylococcus aureus. Biochem J 75:158-165.