The dog thyroid primary culture system: A model of the regulation of function, growth and differentiation expression by cAMP and other well- defined signaling cascades

European Journal of Endocrinology

Volumn 137, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 579-598

  Roger, Pierre P ^a   Christophe, Daniel ^a   Dumont, Jacques E ^a   Pirson, Isabelle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; ACTIN BINDING PROTEIN; ADENYLATE CYCLASE; AMINO ACID; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; COFILIN; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC AMP DERIVATIVE; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN; CYCLIN A; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE; CYTOKERATIN; DNA; GROWTH FACTOR; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; INSULIN; IODIDE; MESSENGER RNA; MYOSIN; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; RECEPTOR; SOMATOMEDIN; THYROGLOBULIN; THYROID PEROXIDASE; THYROTROPIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TROPOMYOSIN; UNINDEXED DRUG;

CELL CULTURE; CELL CYCLE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL GROWTH; CELL STRUCTURE; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; DNA METHYLATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE; MODEL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; THYROID CELL; THYROID FUNCTION; THYROID GLAND; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ACTINS; ANIMALS; CELL CYCLE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL DIVISION; CELLS, CULTURED; CHROMATIN; CYCLIC AMP; CYTOSKELETON; DNA METHYLATION; DOGS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; GENES, IMMEDIATE-EARLY; IODIDE PEROXIDASE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; THYROGLOBULIN; THYROID GLAND; THYROTROPIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 0031453935     PISSN: 08044643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1370579     Document Type: Review

References (149)

1. Ossendorp FA, Bruning PF, Schuuring EM, Van Den Brink JA, van der Heide D, De Vijlder JJ et al. Thyrotropin dependent and independent thyroid cell lines selected from FRTL5 derived tumors grown in nude mice. Endocrinology 1990 127 419-430.
2. Huber G, Derwahl M, Kaempf J, Peter HS, Gerber H & Studer H. Generation of intercellular heterogeneity of growth and function in cloned rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5). Endocrinology 1990 126 1639-1645.
3. Davies TF, Yang C & Platzer M. Cloning the Fisher rat thyroid cell line-(FRTL-5): variability in clonal growth and 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response to thyrotropin. Endocrinology 1987 121 78-83.
4. Endo T, Shimura H, Saito T & Onaya T. Cloning of malignantly transformed rat thyroid (FRTL) cells with thyrotropin receptors and their growth inhibition by 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monosphosphate. Endocrinology 1990 126 1492-1497.
5. Eggo MC, Mak WW, Bachrach LK, Errick JE & Burrow GN. Cultured thyroids. Is immortality the answer? In Thyroglobulin - the Prothyroid Hormone. Progress in Endocrine Research and Therapy 1985 2 201-210.
6. Brandi ML, Rotella CM, Zonefrati R, Toccafondi R & Aloj SM. Loss of adrenergic regulation of cAMP production in the FRTL-5 cell line. Acta Endocrinologica 1986 111 54-61.
7. Dumont JE, Lamy F, Roger PP & Maenhaut C. Physiological and pathological regulation of thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation by thyrotropin and other factors. Physiological Reviews 1992 72 667-697.
8. Dumont JE. The action of thyrotropin on thyroid metabolism. Vitamins and Hormones 1971 29 289-412.
9. Winand RJ & Kohn LD. Thyrotropin effects on thyroid cells in culture. Effects of trypsin on the thyrotropin receptor and on thyrotropin-mediated cyclic-3′:5′-AMP changes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1975 250 6534-6540.
10. Rapoport B. Dog thyroid cells in monolayer tissue culture: adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate response to thyrotropic hormone. Endocrinology 1976 98 1189-1197.
11. Wadeleux PA, Etienne Decerf J, Winand RJ & Kohn LD. Effects of thyrotropin on iodine metabolism of dog thyroid cells in tissue culture. Endocrinology 1978 102 889-902.
12. Roger PP, Hotimsky A, Moreau C & Dumont JE. Stimulation by thyrotropin, cholera toxin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP of the multiplication of differentiated thyroid cells in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1982 26 165-176.
13. Roger PP, Rickaert F, Lamy F, Authelet M & Dumont JE. Actin stress fiber disruption and tropomyosin isoform switching in normal thyroid epithelial cells stimulated by thyrotropin and phorbol esters. Experimental Cell Research 1989 182 1-13.
14. Roger PP & Dumont JE. Thyrotrophin and the differential expression of proliferation and differentiation in dog thyroid cells in primary culture. Journal of Endocrinology 1983 96 241-249.
15. Roger PP, Servais P & Dumont JE. Induction of DNA synthesis in dog thyrocytes in primary culture: synergistic effects of thyrotropin and cyclic AMP with epidermal growth factor and insulin. Journal of Cellular Physiology 1987 130 58-67.
16. Roger PP, Servais P & Dumont JE. Stimulation by thyrotropin and cyclic AMP of the proliferation of quiescent canine thyroid cells cultured in a defined medium containing insulin. FEBS Letters 1983 157 323-329.
17. Bond JA, Graham GJ, Fresney M, Dawson T, Sawhney N, Williams ED et al. Detection and partial purification of a potent mitogenic factor for human thyroid follicular cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1992 84 R15-R21.
18. Roger PP & Dumont JE. Factors controlling proliferation and differentiation of canine thyroid cells cultured in reduced serum conditions: effects of thyrotropin, cyclic AMP and growth factors. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1984 36 79-93.
19. Roger PP, Baptist M & Dumont JE. A mechanism generating heterogeneity in thyroid epithelial cells: suppression of the thyrotropin/cAMP-dependent mitogenic pathway after cell division induced by cAMP-independent factors. Journal of Cell Biology 1992 117 383-393.
20. Dremier S, Golstein J, Mosselmans R, Dumont JE, Galand P & Robaye B. Apoptosis in dog thyroid cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1994 200 52-58.
21. Coclet J, Lamy F, Rickaert F, Dumont JE & Roger PP. Intermediate filaments in normal thyrocytes: modulation of vimentin expression in primary cultures. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1991 76 135-148.
22. Brabant G, Hoang Vu C, Behrends J, Cetin Y, Potter E, Dumont JE et al. Regulation of the cell-cell adhesion protein, E-cadherin, in dog and human thyrocytes in vitro. Endocrinology 1995 136 3113-3119.
23. Roger PP, Van Heuverswyn B, Lambert C, Reuse S, Vassart G & Dumont JE. Antagonistic effects of thyrotropin and epidermal growth factor on thyroglobulin mRNA level in cultured thyroid cells. European Journal of Biochemistry 1985 152 239-245.
24. Chazenbalk G, Magnusson RP & Rapoport B. Thyrotropin stimulation of cultured thyroid cells increases steady state levels of the messenger ribonucleic acid for thyroid peroxidase. Molecular Endocrinology 1987 1 913-917.
25. Gerard CM, Lefort A, Libert F, Christophe D, Dumont JE & Vassart G. Transcriptional regulation of the thyroperoxidase gene by thyrotropin and forskolin. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1988 60 239-242.
26. Raspe E, Laurent E, Corvilain B, Verjans B, Erneux C & Dumont JE. Control of the intracellular Ca(2+)-concentration and the inositol phosphate accumulation in dog thyrocyte primary culture: evidence for different kinetics of Ca(2+)-phosphatidylinositol cascade activation and for involvement in the regulation of H202 production. Journal of Cellular Physiology 1991 146 242-250.
27. Raspe E & Dumont JE. Control of the dog thyrocyte plasma membrane iodide permeability by the Ca(2+)-phosphatidylinositol and adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate cascades. Endocrinology 1994 135 986-995.
28. Deery WJ & Heath JP. Phagocytosis induced by thyrotropin in cultured thyroid cells is associated with myosin light chain dephosphorylation and stress fiber disruption. Journal of Cell Biology 1993 122 21-37.
29. Rani CS & Field JB. Comparison of effects of thyrotropin, phorbol esters, norepinephrine, and carbachol on iodide organification in dog thyroid slices, follicles, and cultured cells. Endocrinology 1988 122 1915-1922.
30. Dumont JE, Boeynaems JM, Decoster C, Erneux C, Lamy F, Lecocq R et al. Biochemical mechanisms in the control of thyroid function and growth. Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide Research 1978 9 723-734.
31. Dumont JE, Miot F, Erneux C, Couchie D, Cochaux P, Gervy-Decoster C et al. Negative regulation of cyclic AMP levels by activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: the example of the dog thyroid. Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide and Protein Phosphorylation Research 1984 16 325-336.
32. 2-generating system modulates protein iodination and the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway in dog thyroid. Endocrinology 1991 128 779-785.
33. Rapoport B & Adams RJ. Bioassay of TSH using dog thyroid cells in monolayer culture. Metabolism 1978 27 1732-1742.
34. Nielsen TB, Ferdows MS, Brinkley BR & Field JB. Morphological and biochemical responses of cultured thyroid cells to thyrotropin. Endocrinology 1985 116 788-797.
35. Rapoport B, Takai NA & Filetti S. Evidence for species specificity in the interaction between thyrotropin and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and their receptor in thyroid tissue. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1982 54 1059-1062.
36. Deery WJ & Rani CS. Protein kinase C activation mimics but does not mediate thyrotropin-induced desensitization of adenylyl cyclase in cultured dog thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1991 128 2967-2975.
37. Rapoport B & Adams RJ. Induction of refractoriness to thyrotropin stimulation in cultured thyroid cells. Dependence on new protein synthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1976 251 6653-6661.
38. Rapoport B, Filetti S & Takai NA. Differential effect of protein synthesis inhibition on TSH desensitization at different stages of primary thyroid cell culture. Endocrinology 1983 112 1874-1876.
39. Maenhaut C, Brabant G, Vassart G & Dumont JE. In vitro and in vivo regulation of thyrotropin receptor mRNA levels in dog and human thyroid cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1992 267 3000-3007.
40. Pohl V, Maenhaut C, Gerard C, Vassart G & Dumont JE. Differential regulation of thyrotropin receptor and thyroglobulin mRNA accumulation at the cellular level: an in situ hybridization study. Experimental Cell Research 1992 199 392-397.
41. Rapoport B, Adams RJ & Rose M. Cultured thyroid cell adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate response to thyrotropin: loss and restoration of sensitivity to iodide inhibition. Endocrinology 1977 100 755-764.
42. Breton MF, Roger PP, Omri B, Dumont JE & Pavlovic Hournac M. Thyrotropin but not epidermal growth factor down-regulates the isozyme I (PKa I) of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in dog thyroid cells in primary cultures. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1989 61 49-55.
43. Dremier S, Pohl V, Poteet-Smith C, Corbin J, Doskeland SO, Roger PP et al. Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent kinase is required but may not be sufficient to mimic cyclic AMP-dependent DNA synthesis and thyroglobulin expression in dog thyroid cells. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1997 (In Press).
44. Roger PP, Breton MF, Dumont JE & Pavlovic Hournac M. Epidermal growth factor and phorbol ester actions on the TSH induced down regulation of the isoenzyme I (PKA I) of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in dog thyroid cell primary cultures. Cellular Signalling 1991 3 145-151.
45. Rani CS, Boyd AE & Field JB. Effects of acetylcholine, TSH and other stimulators on intracellular calcium concentration in dog thyroid cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1985 131 1041-1047.
46. Raspe E, Roger PP & Dumont JE. Carbamylcholine, TRH, PGF2 alpha and fluoride enhance free intracellular Ca++ and Ca++ translocation in dog thyroid cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1986 141 569-577.
47. Rani CS, Schilling WP & Field JB. Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization by thyrotropin, carbachol, and adenosine triphosphate in dog thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1989 125 1889-1897.
48. Verjans B, Erneux C, Raspe E & Dumont JE. Kinetics of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate generation in dog-thyroid primary cultured cells stimulated by carbachol. European Journal of Biochemistry 1991 196 43-49.
49. Taguchi M & Field JB. Phosphoinositides metabolism in primary culture of dog thyroid cells: effects of thyrotropin and carbachol. Metabolism 1990 39 418-424.
50. Raspe E, Reuse S, Roger PP & Dumont JE. Lack of correlation between the activation of the Ca(2+)-phosphatidylinositol cascade and the regulation of DNA synthesis in the dog thyrocyte. Experimental Cell Research 1992 198 17-26.
51. Mockel J, Laurent L, Lejeune C & Dumont JE. Thyrotropin does not activate the phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate hydrolyzing phospholipase C in the dog thyroid. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1991 82 221-227.
52. Roger PP, Reuse S, Servais P, Van Heuverswyn B & Dumont JE. Stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of differentiation expression by tumor-promoting phorbol esters in dog thyroid cells in primary culture. Cancer Research 1986 46 898-906.
53. Feliers D & Pavlovic-Hournac M. Species differences of the thyroid protein kinase C heterogeneity. Thyroid 1994 4 459-465.
54. Contor L, Lamy F, Lecocq R, Roger PP & Dumont JE. Differential protein phosphorylation in induction of thyroid cell proliferation by thyrotropin, epidermal growth factor or phorbol esters. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1988 8 2494-2503.
55. Roger PP & Dumont JE. Epidermal growth factor controls the proliferation and the expression of differentiation in canine thyroid cells in primary culture. FEBS Letters 1982 144 209-212.
56. Dremier S, Taton M, Coulonval K, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K & Dumont JE. Mitogenic, dedifferentiating, and scattering effects of hepatocyte growth factor on dog thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1994 135 135-140.
57. Burikhanov R, Coulonval K, Pirson I, Lamy F, Dumont JE & Roger PP. Thyrotropin via cyclic AMP induces insulin receptor expression and insulin co-stimulation of growth and amplifies insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways in dog thyroid epithelial cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996 271 29400-29406.
58. Lamy F, Wilkin F, Baptist M, Posada J, Roger PP & Dumont JE. Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases is involved in the epidermal growth factor and phorbol ester, but not in the thyrotropin/cAMP, thyroid mitogenic pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1993 268 8398-8401.
59. Baptist M, Dumont JE & Roger PP. Intercellular heterogeneity of early mitogenic events: cAMP generalizes the EGF effect on c-Fos protein appearance but not on MAP kinase phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in dog thyroid epithelial cells. Experimental Cell Research 1995 221 160-171.
60. Pasquali D, Rani CS & Deery WJ. Carbachol-induced decrease in thyroid cell adenylyl cyclase activity is independent of calcium and phosphodiesterase activation. Molecular Pharmacology 1992 41 163-167.
61. Depoortere F, Burikhanov R, Baptist M & Roger PP. Transforming growth factor beta specifically inhibits the TSH/cAMP-dependent proliferation of dog thyrocytes in primary culture: its effects on cell cycle regulatory proteins (abstract). Thyroid 1995 5 S206.
62. Panneels V, Macours P, Van den Bergen H, Braekman JC, Van Sande J & Boeynaems JM. Biosynthesis and metabolism of 2-iodohexadecanal in cultured dog thyroid cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996 271 23006-23014.
63. Panneels V, Van Sande J, Van den Bergen H, Jacoby C, Braekman JC, Dumont JE et al. Inhibition of human thyroid adenylyl cyclase by 2-iodoaldehydes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1994 106 41-50.
64. 2 production by iodoaldehydes in cultured dog thyroid cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1994 102 167-176.
65. Raspé E & Dumont JE. Tonic modulation of dog thyrocyte H2O2 generation and I-uptake by thyrotropin through the cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monosphosphate cascade. Endocrinology 1995 136 965-973.
66. Haraguchi K, Rani CS & Field JB. Effects of thyrotropin, carbachol, and protein kinase-C stimulators on glucose transport and glucose oxidation by primary cultures of dog thyroid cells. Endocrinology 1988 123 1288-1295.
67. Golstein P, Abramow M, Dumont JE & Bauwens R. The iodide channel of the thyroid: a plasma membrane vesicle study. American Journal of Physiology 1992 263 C590-C597.
68. Pohl V, Roger PP, Christophe D, Pattyn G, Vassart G & Dumont JE. Differentiation expression during proliferative activity induced through different pathways: in situ hybridization study of thyroglobulin gene expression in thyroid epithelial cells. Journal of Cell Biology 1990 111 663-672.
69. Gerard CM, Lefort A, Christophe D, Libert F, Van Sande J, Dumont JE et al. Control of thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin transcription by cAMP: evidence for distinct regulatory mechanisms. Molecular Endocrinology 1989 3 2110-2118.
70. Magnusson RP & Rapoport B. Modulation of differentiated function in cultured thyroid cells: thyrotropin control of thyroid peroxidase activity. Endocrinology 1985 116 1493-1500.
71. Pohl V, Abramowicz M, Vassart G, Dumont JE & Roger PP. Thyroperoxidase mRNA in quiescent and proliferating thyroid epithelial cells: expression and subcellular localization studied by in situ hybridization. European Journal of Cell Biology 1993 62 94-104.
72. Lamy F, Roger P, Lecocq R & Dumont JE. Protein synthesis during induction of DNA replication in thyroid epithelial cells: evidence for late markers of distinct mitogenic pathways. Journal of Cellular Physiology 1989 138 568-578.
73. Gérard C, Roger PP & Dumont JE. Thyroglobulin gene expression as a differentiation marker in primary culture of calf thyroid cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1989 61 23-35.
74. Lefort A, Lecocq R, Libert F, Lamy F, Swillens S, Vassart G et al. Cloning and sequencing of a calcium-binding protein regulated by cyclic AMP in the thyroid. EMBO Journal 1989 8 111-116.
75. Baptist M, Dumont JE & Roger PP. Demonstration of cell cycle kinetics in thyroid primary culture by immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen: differences in cyclic AMP-dependent and -independent mitogenic stimulations. Journal of Cell Science 1993 105 69-80.
76. Roger PP, Dumont JE & Boeynaems JM. Lack of prostaglandin involvement in the mitogenic effect of TSH on canine thyroid cells in primary culture. FEBS Letters 1984 166 136-140.
77. Allgeier A, Laugwitz KL, Van Sande J, Schultz G & Dumont JE. Multiple G-protein coupling of the dog thyrotropin receptor. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1997 127 81-90.
78. Van Sande J, Lefort A, Beebe S, Roger P, Perret J, Corbin J et al. Pairs of cyclic AMP analogs, that are specifically synergistic for type I and type II cAMP-dependent protein kinases, mimic thyrotropin effects on the function, differentiation expression and mitogenesis of dog thyroid cells. European Journal of Biochemistry 1989 183 699-708.
79. Maenhaut C, Van Sande J, Libert F, Abramowicz M, Parmentier M, Vanderhaegen JJ et al. RDC8 codes for an adenosine A2 receptor with physiological constitutive activity. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1990 173 1169-1178.
80. Lamy F, Roger PP, Lecocq R & Dumont JE. Differential protein synthesis in the induction of thyroid cell proliferation by thyrotropin, epidermal growth factor or serum. European Journal of Biochemistry 1986 155 265-272.
81. Taton M & Dumont JE. Dissociation of the stimuli for cell hypertrophy and cell division in the dog thyrocyte: insulin promotes protein accumulation while TSH triggers DNA synthesis. Experimental Cell Research 1995 221 530-533.
82. Deleu S, Pirson I, Coulonval K, Drouin A, Taton M, Nakamura I, Dumont JE & Maenhaut C. Unpublished observations.
83. Lamy F, Taton M, Dumont JE & Roger PP. Control of protein synthesis by thyrotropin and epidermal growth factor in human thyrocytes: role of morphological changes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1990 73 195-209.
84. Rapoport B & Jones AL. Acute effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone on cultured thyroid cell morphology. Endocrinology 1978 102 175-181.
85. Saito T, Lamy F, Roger PP, Lecocq R & Dumont JE. Characterization and identification as cofilin and destrin of two thyrotropin-and phorbol-ester-regulated phosphoproteins in thyroid cells. Experimental Cell Research 1994 212 49-61.
86. Roger PP, Rickaert F, Huez G, Authelet M, Hofmann F & Dumont JE. Microinjection of catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase triggers acute morphological changes in thyroid epithelial cells. FEBS Letters 1988 232 409-413.
87. Deery WJ. Role of phosphorylation in keratin and vimentin filament integrity in cultured thyroid epithelial cells. Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1993 26 325-339.
88. Ikeda M, Deery WJ, Ferdows MS, Nielsen TB & Field JB. Role of cellular Ca++in phosphorylation of 21 K and 19 K polypeptides in cultured thyroid cells: effects of phorbol ester, trifluoperazine, and 8-diethylamino-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride. Endocrinology 1987 121 175-181.
89. Savonet V, Maenhaut C, Miot F & Pirson I. Pitfalls in the use of several 'housekeeping' genes as standards for the quantitation of mRNA: the example of thyroid cells. Analytical Biochemistry 1997 247 165-167.
90. Passareiro H, Roger PP, Lamy F, Lecocq R, Dumont JE & Nunez J. Thyrotropin modifies the synthesis of actin and other proteins during thyroid cell culture. European Journal of Biochemistry 1985 147 263-272.
91. Reuse S, Maenhaut C & Dumont JE. Regulation of protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc expressions by protein tyrosine kinase. protein kinase C, and cyclic AMP mitogenic pathways in dog primary thyrocytes: a positive and negative control by cyclic AMP on c-myc expression. Experimental Cell Research 1990 189 33-40.
92. Baptist M, Pohl V, Dumont JE & Roger PP. Various facets of the intercellular heterogeneity in thyroid primary culture. Thyroidology 1991 3 109-113.
93. Studer H, Peter HJ & Gerber H. Natural heterogeneity of thyroid cells: the basis for understanding thyroid function and nodular goiter growth. Endocrine Reviews 1989 10 125-135.
94. Mechta F, Piette J, Hirai SI & Yaniv M. Stimulation of protein kinase C or protein kinase A mediated signal transduction pathways shows three modes of response among serum inducible genes. New Biologist 1989 1 297-304.
95. Reuse S, Pirson I & Dumont JE. Differential regulation of protooncogenes c-jun and jun D expressions by protein tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and cyclic-AMP mitogenic pathways in dog primary thyrocytes: TSH and cyclic-AMP induce proliferation but downregulate C-jun expression. Experimental Cell Research 1991 196 210-215.
96. Pirson I & Dumont JE. Jun B expression is regulated differently by three mitogenic pathways in thyrocytes. Experimental Cell Research 1994 214 561-569.
97. Deng T & Karin M. JunB differs from c-Jun in its DNA-binding and dimerization domains, and represses c-Jun by formation of inactive heterodimers. Genes and Development 1993 7 479-490.
98. Pfarr CM, Mechta F, Spyron G, Lallemand D, Carillo S & Yaniv M. Mouse JunD negatively regulates fibroblasts growth and antagonizes transformation by ras. Cell 1994 76 747-760.
99. Heikkila R, Schwab G, Wickstrom S, Loongloke S, Pluznik DV, Watt R et al. A c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits entry into S phase but not progress from GO to G1. Nature 1987 328 445-449.
100. Prochownik EV, Kukowska J & Rodgers C. c-myc antisense transcripts accelerate differentiation and inhibit G1 progression in murine erythroleukemia. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1988 8 3683-3695.
101. Roger PP, Reuse S, Maenhaut C & Dumont JE. Multiple facets of the modulation of growth by cAMP. Vitamins and Hormones 1995 51 59-191.
102. Reuse S, Roger PP, Vassart G & Dumont JE. Enhancement of cmyc mRNA concentration in dog thyrocytes initiating DNA synthesis in response to thyrotropin, forskolin, epidermal growth factor and phorbol myristate ester. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1986 141 1066-1076.
103. Pirson I, Coulonval K, Lamy F & Dumont JE. c-Myc expression is controlled by the mitogenic cAMP-cascade in thyrocytes. Journal of Cellular Physiology 1996 168 59-70.
104. Roger PP, Servais P & Dumont JE. Regulation of dog thyroid epithelial cell cycle by forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator. Experimental Cell Research 1987 172 282-292.
105. Blackwood EM, Lüscher B & Eisenman RN. Myc and Max associate in vivo. Genes and Development 1992 6 71-80.
106. Pirson I, Reuse S & Dumont JE. Regulation of the Max gene expression by different mitogenic pathways in dog primary thyrocytes. Experimental Cell Research 1994 210 53-38.
107. Pichon B, Jimenez-Cervantes C, Pirson I, Maenhaut C & Christophe D. Induction of nerve growth factor induced gene-B as an early event in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response of dog thyrocytes in primary culture. Endocrinology 1996 137 4691-4698.
108. Baptist M, Lamy F, Gannon J, Hunt T, Dumont JE & Roger PP. Expression and subcellular localization of CDK2 and cdc2 kinases and their common partner cyclin A in thyroid epithelial cells: comparison of cyclic AMP-dependent and -independent cell cycles. Journal of Cellular Physiology 1996 166 256-273.
109. Sherr CJ. Cancer cell cycles. Science 1996 274 1672-1677.
110. Depoortere F, Dumont JE & Roger PP. Paradoxical accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 during the cAMP-dependent mitogenic stimulation of thyroid epithelial cells. Journal of Cell Science 1996 109 1759-1764.
111. Depoortere F, Van Keymeulen A, Bartek J & Roger PP. Late divergence of TSH or growth factor elicited mitogenic pathways in dog thyrocytes: analysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 1996 19 55 (abstract).
112. Depoortere F, Van Keymeulen A, Lukas J, Costagliola S, Bartkova J, Dumont JE et al. 1998 Unique requirement of cyclin D3 in a cAMP-dependent cell cycle: Unlike growth factors. TSH does not stimulate cyclin D expression, but it assembles cyclin D3-CDK4 complexes in thyrocytes. Journal of Cell Biology (In Press).
113. Coulonval K, Maenhaut C, Dumont JE & Lamy F. Phosphorylation of the three Rb protein family members is a common step of the cAMP-, the growth factors- and the phorbol esters-mitogenic cascades but is not necessary for the hypertrophy induced by insulin. Experimental Cell Research 1997 233 395-398.
114. Lukas J, Bartkova J & Bartek J. Convergence of mitogenic cascades from diverse classes of receptors at the cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase-pRb-controlled G1 checkpoint. Molecular and Cellular Biology 1996 16 6917-6925.
115. Van Heuverswyn B, Streydio C, Brocas H, Refetoff S, Dumont JE & Vassart G. Thyrotropin controls transcription of the thyroglobulin gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1984 81 5941-5945.
116. Van Heuverswyn B, Leriche A, Van Sande J, Dumont JE & Vassart G. Transcriptional control of thyroglobulin gene expression by cyclic AMP. FEBS Letters 1985 188 192-196.
117. Hansen C, Gérard C, Vassart G, Stordeur P & Christophe D. Thyroid-specific and cAMP-dependent hypersensitive regions in thyroglobulin gene chromatin. European Journal of Biochemistry 1988 178 387-393.
118. Christophe D, Gerard C, Juvenal G, Bacolla A, Teugels E, Ledent C et al. Identification of a cAMP-responsive region in thyroglobulin gene promoter. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1989 64 5-18.
119. Donda A, Javaux F, Van Renterghem P, Gervy Decoster C, Vassart G & Christophe D. Human, bovine, canine and rat thyroglobulin promoter sequences display species-specific differences in an in vitro study. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1993 90 R23-R26.
120. Donda A, Vassart G & Christophe D. Isolation and characterization of the canine thyroglobulin gene promoter region. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1991 1090 235-237.
121. Guazzi S, Price M, De Felice M, Damante G, Mattel MG & Di Lauro R. Thyroid nuclear factor I (TTF-1) contains a homeo-domain and displays a novel DNA binding specificity. EMBO Journal 1990 93 631-639.
122. Javaux F, Bertaux F, Donda A, Francis Lang H, Vassart G, DiLauro R et al. Functional role of TTF-1 binding sites in bovine thyroglobulin promoter. FEBS Letters 1992 300 222-226.
123. Christophe-Hobertus C, Van Renterghem P, Pichon B & Christophe D. Expression of a transactivation-deficient form of thyroid transcription factor I decreases the activity of co-transfected thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase promoters. FEBS Letters 1996 399 140-142.
124. Van Renterghem P, Dremier S, Vassart G & Christophe D. Study of TTF-1 gene expression in dog thyrocytes in primary culture. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1995 112 83-93.
125. Christophe Hobertus C, Donda A, Javaux F, Vassart G & Christophe D. Identification of a transcriptional enhancer upstream from the bovine thyroglobulin gene. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1992 88 31-37.
126. Berg V, Vassart G & Christophe D. Identification of a thyroid-specific and cAMP-responsive enhancer in the upstream sequences of the human thyroglobulin promoter. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1996 1307 35-38.
127. Berg V, Vassart G & Christophe D. A zinc-dependent DNA binding activity cooperates with CREB factor to activate the human thyroglobulin enhancer. Biochemical Journal 1997 323 349-357.
128. Abramowicz MJ, Vassart G & Christophe D. Thyroid peroxidase gene promoter confers TSH responsiveness to heterologous reporter genes in transfection experiments. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1990 166 1257-1264.
129. Abramowicz MJ, Vassart G & Christophe D. Functional study of the human thyroid peroxidase gene promoter. European Journal of biochemistry 1992 203 467-473.
130. Aza-Blanc P, Di Lauro R & Santisteban P. Identification of a cis-regulatory element and a thyroid-specific nuclear factor mediating the hormonal regulation of rat thyroid peroxidase promoter activity. Molecular Endocrinology 1993 7 1297-1306.
131. Libert F, Vassart G & Christophe D. Methylation and expression of the human thyroglobulin gene. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1986 134 1109-1113.
132. Pichon B, Christophe-Hobertus C, Vassart G & Christophe D. Unmethylated thyroglobulin promoter may be repressed by methylation of flanking DNA sequences. Biochemical Journal 1994 298 537-541.
133. Damante G & Di Lauro R. Thyroid-specific gene expression (review). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1994 1218 255-266.
134. Van Renterghem P, Vassart G & Christophe D. Pax 8 expression in primary cultured dog thyrocyte is increased by cyclic AMP. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1996 1307 97-103.
135. Melander A. Autonomic nervous control: adrenergic, cholinergic and peptidergic regulation. In The Thyroid, a Fundamental and Clinical Text, pp 331-338. Eds SH Ingbar & LE Braverman. Philadelphia: Lippincott 1986.
136. Roger P, Taton M, Van Sande J & Dumont JE. Mitogenic effects of thyrotropin and adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in differentiated normal human thyroid cells in vitro. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1988 66 1158-1165.
137. Drexhage HA. Autoimmunity and thyroid growth. Where do we stand? European Journal of Endocrinology 1996 135 39-45.
138. Dumont JE, Jauniaux JC & Roger PP. The cyclic AMP-mediated stimulation of cell proliferation. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 1989 14 67-74.
139. Ledent C, Dumont JE, Vassart G & Parmentier M. Thyroid expression of an A2 adenosine receptor transgene induces hyperplasia and hyperthyroidism. EMBO Journal 1992 11 537-542.
140. Coppée F, Gérard AC, Denef JF, Ledent C, Vassart G, Dumont JE et al. Early occurrence of metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinomas in transgenic mice expressing the A2a adenosine receptor gene and the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncogene. Oncogene 1996 13 1471-1482.
141. Lyons J, Landis CA, Harsh L, Vallar L, Grünwald H, Feichtinger H et al. Two G protein oncogenes in human endocrine tumors. Science 1990 249 655-659.
142. Parma J, Duprez L, Van Sande J, Cochaux P, Gervy C, Mockel J et al. Somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene cause hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas. Nature 1993 365 649-651.
143. Duprez L, Parma J, Van Sande J, Allgeier A, Leclerc J, Schvartz C et al. Germline mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene cause non-autoimmune autosomal dominant hyperthyroidism. Nature Genetics 1994 7 396-401.
144. Ozawa S & Spaulding SW. Epidermal growth factor inhibits radioiodine uptake but stimulates deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in newborn rat thyroids grown in nude mice. Endocrinology 1990 127 604-612.
145. De Vito WJ, Chanoine JP, Alex S, Fang SL, Stone S, Huber CA et al. Effect of in vivo administration of recombinant acidic fibroblast growth factor on thyroid function in the rat: induction of colloid goiter. Endocrinology 1992 131 729-735.
146. Ozawa S, Sheflin LG & Spaulding SW. Thyroxine increases epidermal growth factor levels in the mouse thyroid in vivo. Endocrinology 1991 128 1396-1403.
147. Becks GP, Logan A, Phillips ID, Wang JF, Smith C, De Sousa D et al. Increase of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor messenger RNA during rat thyroid hyperplasia: temporal changes and cellular distribution. Journal of Endocrinology 1994 142 325-338.
148. Corcoran JM, Waters MJ, Eastman CJ & Jorgensen G. Epidermal growth factor: effect on circulating thyroid hormone levels in sheep. Endocrinology 1986 119 214-217.
149. Contempré B, Le Moine O, Dumont JE, Denef JF & Many MC. Selenium deficiency and thyroid fibrosis. A key role for macrophages and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1996 124 7-15.