Low levels of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease in a UK Chinese population

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

Volumn 51, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 636-642

  Harland, Jane O ^a,b   Unwin, Nigel ^a   Bhopal, Raj S ^a   White, Martin ^a   Watson, Bill ^a   Laker, Mike ^a,b   Alberti, K G M M ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; ANGINA PECTORIS; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHINESE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SMOKING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0031453755     PISSN: 0143005X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jech.51.6.636     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. WHO MONICA Project. Geographical variation in the major risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women aged 35-64 years. World Health Stat Q 1988;41:115-38.
2. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Smith W, Taverdale R. How-often-that-high graphs of serum cholesterol: findings from the Scottish Heart Health and Scottish MONICA studies. Lancet 1988;i:540-2.
3. Woo K, Wallance-Owen J. Changing prevalence and pattern of cardiovascular diseases in Hong Kong: A perspective in the 1990s. Chin Med J (Engl) 1988;101:579-86.
4. Woo K, Donnan S. Epidemiology of coronary arterial disease in the Chinese. J Cardiol 1988;24:83-93.
5. Donnan SP, Ho SC, Woo J, el al. Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in a southern Chinese population. Ann Epidemiol 1994;4:46-58.
6. Tomson D, Coulter A. The bamboo smoke screen: Tobacco smoking in China. Health Promotion 1987;2:95-108.
7. Siegrist J, Bernhardt R, Feng Z, Schettler G. Socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular risk factors in China. Im J Epidemiol 1990;19:905-10.
8. Chen Z, Peto R, Collins R, MacMahon S, Lu J, Li W. Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in population with low cholesterol concentrations. BMJ 1991;303:276-82.
9. Schwartzkoff W, Schleicher J, Pottins I, Yu S, Han C, Du D. Lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and other risk factors in Chinese men and women with and without myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 1990;82:253-9.
10. Zhai S, McGarvey S. Temporal changes and rural-urban differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality in China. Hum Biol 1992;64:807-19.
11. Woo K. Epidemiology of ischaemic heart disease and coronary risk factors in Hong Kong. Bulletin Journal of the Hong Kong Medical Association 1984;36:73-82.
12. Khoo KL, Tan H, Khoo TH. Cardiovascular mortality in peninsular Malaysia: 1950-1989. Med J Malaysia 1991;46:7-20.
13. Lam Y, Lau E, Donnan S. Geographical and socioeconomic variations in ischaemic heart disease in men in Hong Kong. Ann Acad Med 1984;13:211-15.
14. Woo J, Ho SC, Wong SL, Tse CY, Chan KK, Kay CS, et al. Lipids, lipoproteins and other coronary risk factors in Chinese male survivors of myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 1993;39:195-202.
15. Marmot M, Adelstein A, Robinson N, Rose G. Changing social class distribution of heart disease. BMJ 1978;2:1109-12.
16. Hughes K, Yeo P, Lun K, et al. Ischaemic heart disease and its risk factors in Singapore in comparison with other countries. Ann Acad Med (Singapore) 1989;18:245-49.
17. Li N, Tuomilehto J, Dowse G, et al. Electrocardiographic abnormalities and associated factors in Chinese living in Beijing and in Mauritius. BMJ 1992;304:1596-601.
18. Qiao L, Gopal K, Lo Hu P. Building bridges: forty years of the Chinese in Newcastle. SiYn 1989.
19. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. 1991 census, county report: Tyne and Wear. London: HMSO, 1992.
20. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and The General Register Office for Scotland. 1991 census: ethnic group and country of birth Great Britain. London: HMSO, 1993.
21. Unwin N, Harland J, White M, et al. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and glucose intolerance in Chinese and Europid adults in Newcastle. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997;51:160-6.
22. Nicoll A, Bassett K, Ulijaszek S. What's in a name? Accuracy of using surnames and forenames in ascribing Asian ethnic identity in English populations. J Epidemiol Community Health 1986;40:364-8.
23. Goldman A, Braun T, Gallagher R. The classification of ethnic status using name information. J Epidemiol Community Health 1986;42:390-5.
24. Harrington B, White M, Foy C, Raybould S, Harland J. The Newcastle health and lifestyle survey 1991: health and lifestyles in Newcastle. Newcastle: Newcastle Health Authority and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Newcastle, 1993.
25. Betteridge DJ, Dodson PM, Durrington PN, et al. Management of hyperlipidaemia: guidelines of the British Hyperlipidaemia Association. Postgrad Med J 1993;69:359-69.
26. Petrie JC, O'Brien ET, Littler WA, deSwiet M, Padfield PL, Dillon MJ. Recommendations on blood pressure measurement. London: British Medical Journal Publications, 1990.
27. Cartwright C, Unwin NC, Stephenson P. The agreement between the Takeda UA-731 automatic blood pressure measuring device and the manual mercury sphygmomanometer: an assessment under field conditions in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. J Epidemiol Community Health 1996;50:218-22.
28. Rose G, Blackburn A, Gillum R, Prineas R. Cardiovascular survey methods. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO, 1982.
29. WHO MONICA Project. WHO MONICA project: risk factors. Int J Epidemiol 1989;18:s46-s55.
30. Bennett P. Recommendations on the standardisation of methods and reporting of tests for diabetes and its microvascular complications in epidemiologic studies. Diabetes Care 1979;2:98-104.
31. Prineas R, Crow R, Blackburn H. The Minnesota code manual of electrocardiographic findings. London: John Wright, 1982.
32. Norusis MJ, SPSS Inc. SPSS/PC+ 4.0 base manual. Chicago: SPSS Inc, 1990.
33. Smaje C. Health, 'race' and ethnicity: making sense of the evidence. London: Kings Fund, 1995.
34. Home Affairs Committee. The Chinese community in Britain. Second report from the Home Affairs Committee Session 1984-85. London: HMSO, 1985.
35. McKeigue PM, Bela Shah, Marmot MG. Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Lancet 1991;337:382-6.
36. McKeigue PM, Marmot MG, Syndercombe-Court YD, Cottier DE, Suraiya Rahman, Riemersma RA. Diabetes, hyperinsulinaemia and coronary risk factors in Bangladeshis in East London. Br Heart J 1988;60:390-6.
37. Lian YL, Liu K, Dyer A, et al. Sex differential in the relationship of electrocardiographic ST-T abnormalities to risk of coronary death: 11.5 year follow-up findings of the Chicago Heart Association detection project in Industry. Circulation 1987;72:347-52.
38. Fong PC, Tam SC, Tai YT, Lau CP, Lee J, Sha YY. Serum lipid and apolipoprotein distributions in Hong Kong Chinese. J Epidemiol Community Health 1994;48:355-9.
39. Pinnelas D, De La Torre T, Pugh J, Strand C, Horowitz S. Total serum cholesterol levels in Asians living in New York City: results of a self-referred cholesterol screening. NY State J Med 1992:245-8.
40. Gerber L, Madhavan S. Epidemiology of coronary heart disease in migrant Chinese populations. Med Amhropol 1980;4:307-20.