Dense photodissociation regions (PDRs)

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 179-215

  Hollenbach, D J ^a   Tielens, A G G M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Astrochemistry; Atomic processes; Infrared astronomy; Interstellar medium; Nebulae

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031453535     PISSN: 00664146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.179     Document Type: Article

References (285)

1. Abgrall H, LeBourlot J, Pineau des Forêts G, Roueff E, Flower D, et al. 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 253:525-36
2. Allamandola LJ, Tielens AGGM, Barker JR. 1989. Ap. J. Suppl. 71:733-75
3. Andersson B-G, Wannier PG. 1993. Ap. J. 402: 585-92
4. Bakes ELO, Tielens AGGM. 1994. Ap. J. 427: 822-38
5. Bally J, Langer WD. 1982. Ap. J. 255:143-48
6. Becklin EE, Galley I, Werner MW. 1982. Ap. J. 258:135-42
7. Bennett CL, Fixsen DJ, Hinshaw G, Mather JC, Moseley SH, et al. 1994. Ap. J. 434:587-98
8. Bertoldi F, Draine BT. 1996. Ap. J. 458:222-32
9. Bertoldi F, McKee C. 1996. In Amazing Light, ed. RY Chiao, pp. 41-53. New York: Springer-Verlag
10. Black JH, Dalgarno A. 1976. Ap. J. 203:132-42
11. Black JH, Dalgarno A. 1977. Ap. J. Suppl. 34:405-23
12. Black JH, van Dishoeck EF. 1987. Ap. J. 322: 412-49
13. Bobrowsky M, Zipoy DM. 1989. Ap. J. 347: 307-24
14. Boissé P. 1990. Astron. Astrophys. 228:483-502
15. Boland W, de Jong T. 1982. Ap. J. 261:110-14
16. Boreiko RT, Betz AL. 1991. Ap. J. 369:382-94
17. Boreiko RT, Betz AL. 1996a. Ap. J. Lett. 464:L83-L86
18. Boreiko RT, Betz AL. 1996b. Ap. J. Lett. 467:L113-16
19. Burke JR, Hollenbach DJ. 1983. Ap. J. 265:223-34
20. Burton M. 1992. Aust. J. Phys. 45:463-85
21. Burton M, Bulmer M, Moorhouse A, Geballe TR, Brand PWJL. 1992a. MNRAS 257:1P-6P
22. Burton M, Geballe TR, Brand PWJL, Moorhouse A. 1990a. Ap. J. 352:625-29
23. Burton M, Hollenbach D, Tielens AGGM. 1990b. Ap. J. 365:620-39
24. Burton M, Hollenbach D, Tielens AGGM. 1992b. Ap. J. 399:563-72
25. Burton M, Puxley P. 1990. In The Interstellar Medium in External Galaxies, ed. DJ Hollenbach, HA Thronson, pp. 238-40. Washington, DC: NASA Conf. Publ. 3084
26. Cardelli JA, Clayton GC, Mathis JS. 1989. Ap. J. 345:245-56
27. Cardelli JA, Meyer DM, Jura M, Savage BD. 1996. Ap. J. 467:334-40
28. Carral P, Hollenbach DJ, Lord SD, Colgan SWJ, Haas MR, et al. 1994. Ap. J. 423:223-36
29. Chieze JP, Pineau des Forêts G. 1989. Astron. Astrophys. 221:89-94
30. Chieze JP, Pineau des Forêts G. 1990. In Physical Processes in Fragmentation and Star Formation, ed. R Capuzzo-Dolcetta, C Chiosi, A DiFazio, pp. 17-25. Dordrecht: Kluwer
31. Chieze JP, Pineau des Forêts G, Herbst E. 1991. Ap. J. 373:110-22
32. Chrysostomou A, Brand PWJL, Burton MG, Moorhouse A. 1992. MNRAS 256:528-34
33. Chrysostomou A, Brand PWJL, Burton MG, Moorhouse A. 1993. MNRAS 265:329-39
34. Churchwell E, Felli M, Wood DOS, Massi M. 1987. Ap. J. 321:516-29
35. Clavel J, Viala YP, Bel N. 1978. Astron. Astrophys. 65:435-48
36. Cohen M, Allamandola L, Tielens AGGM, Bregman J, Simpson JP, et al. 1985. Ap. J. 302:737-49
37. Crawford MK, Genzel R, Townes CH, Watson DM. 1985. Ap. J. 291:755-71
38. Dalgarno A. 1985. In Molecular Astrophysics, ed. GHF Diercksen, WF Huebner, PW Langhof, pp. 281-94. Dordrecht: Reidel
39. Danks AC, Federman SR, Lambert DL. 1984. Astron. Astrophys. 130:62-66
40. deJong T. 1977. Astron. Astrophys. 55:137-45
41. deJong T, Dalgarno A, Boland W. 1980. Astron. Astrophys. 91:68-84
42. d'Hendecourt L, Léger A. 1987. Astron. Astrophys. 180:L9-L12
43. Diaz RI, Franco J, Shore SN. 1996. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 188:4010
44. Dinerstein HL. 1991. PASP 103:861-64
45. Dinerstein HL. 1995. In Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae, ed. N Soker, A Harpaz, pp. 35-54. New York: Am. Inst. Phys.
46. Draine BT. 1978. Ap. J. Suppl. 36:595-619
47. Draine BT, Bertoldi F. 1996. Ap. J. 468:269-89
48. Draine BT, Lee HM. 1984. Ap. J. 285:89-108
49. Draine BT, Woods DT. 1990. Ap. J. 363:464-79
50. Draine BT, Woods DT. 1991. Ap. J. 383: 621-38
51. Eidelsberg MH, Benayoun JJ, Viala YP, Rostas F, Smith PL, et al. 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 265:839-42
52. Escalante V, Sternberg A, Dalgarno A. 1991. Ap. J. 375:630-34
53. Falgarone E, Lis DC, Phillips TG, Pouquet A, Porter DH, et al. 1994. Ap. J. 436:728-40
54. Falgarone E, Phillips TG. 1996. Ap. J. 472:191-204
55. Falgarone E, Pineau des Forêts G, Roueff E. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 300:870-80
56. Federman SR, Danks AC, Lambert DL. 1984. Ap. J. 287:219-27
57. Federman SR, Glassgold AE, Jenkins EB, Shaya EJ. 1980. Ap. J. 242:545-59
58. Federman SR, Glassgold AE, Kwan J. 1979. Ap. J. 227:466-73
59. Federman SR, Huntress WT. 1989. Ap. J. 338:140-46
60. Federman SR, Strom CJ, Lambert DL, Cardelli JA, Smith VV, et al. 1994. Ap. J. 424:772-92
61. Field GB, Goldsmith DW, Habing HJ. 1969. Ap. J. Lett. 155:L149-52
62. Field GB, Somerville WB, Dressler K. 1966. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 4:207-44
63. Flower DR, LeBourlot J, Pineau des Forêts G, Roueff E. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 282:225-32
64. Fuente A, Martín-Pintado J, Cernicharo J, Bachiller R. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 276:473-88
65. Fuente A, Martín-Pintado J, Gaume R. 1995. Ap. J. Lett. 442:L33-L36
66. Fuente A, Rodriguez-Franco A, Martín-Pintado J. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 312:599-609
67. Gardiner WC. 1977. Acc. Chem. Res. 10:326-31
68. Gatley I, Hasegawa T, Suzuki H, Garden R, Brand P, et al. 1987. Ap. J. Lett. 318:L73-L76
69. Genzel R. 1991. In The Physics of Star Formation and Early Stellar Evolution, ed. C Lada, N Kylafis, pp. 155-219. Dordrecht: Kluwer
70. Genzel R. 1992. In The Galactic Interstellar Medium: Saas Fe Lectures 1991, ed. W Burton, R Genzel, BG Elmegreen, pp. 1-85. New York: Springer-Verlag
71. Genzel R, Harris AI, Jaffe DT, Stutzki J. 1988. Ap. J. 332:1049-57
72. Genzel R, Harris AI, Stutzki J. 1989. In Infrared Spectroscopy in Astronomy, ESA SP-290, ed. M Kessler, pp. 115-32. Noordwijk: Eur. Space Agency Publ.
73. Genzel R, Hollenbach D, Townes CH. 1994. Rep. Prog. Phys. 57:417-79
74. Genzel R, Stacey GJ, Harris AI, Townes CH, Geis N, et al. 1990. Ap. J. 356:160-73
75. Genzel R, Watson DM, Crawford MK, Townes CH. 1985. Ap. J. 297:766-86
76. Genzel R, Watson DM, Townes CH, Dinerstein HL, Hollenbach DJ, et al. 1984. Ap. J. 276:551-59
77. Gerola H, Glassgold AE. 1978. Ap. J. Suppl. 37:1-31
78. Gierens K, Stutzki J, Winnewisser G. 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 259:271-82
79. Glassgold AE. 1996. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 34:241-78
80. Glassgold AE, Huggins PJ, Langer WD. 1985. Ap. J. 290:615-26
81. Glassgold AE, Langer WD. 1974. Ap. J. 193: 73-91
82. Glassgold AE, Langer WD. 1975. Ap. J. 197: 347-50
83. Glassgold AE, Langer WD. 1976. Ap. J. 206: 85-99
84. Goldshmidt O, Sternberg A. 1995. Ap. J. 439: 256-63
85. Graf P, Herter T, Gull GE, Houck JR. 1988. Ap. J. 330:803-8
86. Graf UU, Eckart A, Genzel R, Harris AI, Poglitsch A, et al. 1993. Ap. J. 405:249-67
87. Graham JR, Serabyn E, Herbst TM, Mathews K, Neugebauer G, et al. 1993. Astron. J. 105:250-57
88. Gredel R, Dalgarno A. 1995. Ap. J. 446:852-59
89. Gussie GT, Taylor AR, Dewdney PE, Roger RS. 1995. MNRAS 273:790-800
90. Güsten R, Fiebig D. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 204:253-62
91. Habing HJ. 1968. Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands 19:421-32
92. Harris AI, Jaffe DT, Silber M, Genzel R. 1985. Ap. J. Lett. 294:L93-L96
93. Harris AI, Hill RE, Stutzki J, Graf UU, Russell APG, et al. 1991. Ap. J. Lett. 382:L75-L78
94. Hartquist TW, Menten KM, Lepp S, Dalgarno A. 1995. MNRAS 272:184-88
95. Hartquist T, Sternberg A. 1991. MNRAS 248:48-51
96. Hasegawa T, Gatley I, Garden RP, Brand P, Ohishi M, et al. 1987. Ap. J. Lett. 318:L77-L80
97. Hayashi M, Hasegawa T, Gatley I, Garden R, Kaifu N. 1985. MNRAS 215:31P-36P
98. Heck EL, Flower DR, LeBourlot J, Pineau des Forêts G, Roueff E. 1992. MNRAS 258:377-83
99. Hegmann M, Kegel WH. 1996. MNRAS 283:167-73
100. Herbst E, Leung CM. 1989. Ap. J. Suppl. 69:271-99
101. Herrmann F, Madden SC, Nikola T, Poglitsch A, Timmermann R, et al. 1997. Ap. J. In press
102. Herter T, Gull GE, Megeath ST, Rowlands N, Houck JR. 1989. Ap. J. 342:696-702
103. Herter T, Houck JR, Graf P, Gull GE. 1986. Ap. J. Lett. 309:L13-L16
104. Hill JK, Hollenbach DJ. 1978. Ap. J. 225:390-404
105. Hippelein HH, Münch G. 1989. Astron. Astrophys. 213:323-32
106. Hobson MP, Jenness T, Padman R, Scott PF. 1994. MNRAS 266:972-82
107. Hobson MP, Scheuer PAG. 1993. MNRAS 264:145-60
108. Hogerheijde MR, Jansen DJ, Van Dishoeck EF. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 294:792-810
109. Hollenbach DJ. 1988. Astrophys. Lett. Commun. 26:191-206
110. Hollenbach DJ. 1990. In The Evolution of the Interstellar Medium, ed. L Blitz, pp. 167-82. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
111. Hollenbach DJ, McKee CH. 1979. Ap. J. Suppl. 41:555-92
112. Hollenbach DJ, McKee CH. 1989. Ap. J. 342:306-36
113. Hollenbach DJ, Natta A. 1995. Ap. J. 455:133-44
114. Hollenbach DJ, Takahashi T, Tielens AGGM. 1991. Ap. J. 377:192-209
115. Hollenbach DJ, Tielens AGGM. 1996. In The Physics and Chemistry of Interstellar Clouds, ed. G Winnewisser, GC Pelz, pp. 164-74. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
116. Hollenbach DJ, Werner M, Salpeter E. 1971. Ap. J. 163:165-80
117. Howe JE, Jaffe DT, Genzel R, Stacey G. 1991. Ap. J. 373:158-68
118. Howe JE, Jaffe DT, Grossman EN, Wall WF, Mangum JG, et al. 1993. Ap. J. 410:179-87
119. Huggins PJ. 1992. In Mass Loss on the AGB and Beyond, ed. H Schwarz, pp. 35-54. Noordwijk: Eur. Southern Obs. Publ.
120. Huggins PJ. 1993. In Planetary Nebulae, IAU 155, ed. R Weinberger, A Acker, pp.147-62. Dordrecht: Kluwer
121. Huggins PJ, Bachiller R, Cox P, Forveille T. 1992. Ap. J. Lett. 401:L43-L46
122. Israel FP, Maloney PR, Geis N, Herrmann F, Madden SC, et al. 1996. Ap. J. 465:738-47
123. Jackson JM, Geis N, Genzel R, Harris AI, Madden S, Poglitsch A, et al. 1993. Ap. J. 402:173-84
124. Jaffe DT, Genzel R, Harris AI, Howe J, Stacey GJ, et al. 1990. Ap. J. 353:193-99
125. Jaffe DT, Howe JE. 1989. Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrof. 18:55-63
126. Jaffe DT, Zhou S, Howe JE, Hermann F, Madden SC, et al. 1994. Ap. J. 436:203-15
127. Jansen DJ, Spaans M, Hogerheijde MR, van Dishoeck EF. 1995a. Astron. Astrophys. 303:541-53
128. Jansen DJ, van Dishoeck EF, Black JH, Spaans M, Sosin C. 1995b. Astron. Astrophys. 302:223-42
129. Jansen DJ, van Dishoeck EF, Keene J, Boreiko RT, Betz A. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 309:899-906
130. Jones ME, Barlow SE, Ellison GB, Ferguson EE. 1986. Chem. Phys. Lett. 130:218-23
131. Jura M. 1974. Ap. J. 191:375-79
132. Jura M. 1976. Ap. J. 204:12-20
133. Justtanont K, Tielens AGGM, Skinner CJ, Haas M. 1997. Ap. J. In press
134. Kastner JH, Weintraub DA, Gatley I, Merrill KM, Probst RG. 1996. Ap. J. 462:777-85
135. Keene J. 1995. In The Physics and Chemistry of Interstellar Molecular Clouds, ed. G Winnewisser, GC Pelz, pp. 186-94. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
136. Keene J, Blake GA, Phillips TG, Muggins PJ, Beichman CA. 1985. Ap. J. 299:967-80
137. Keene J, Lis DC, Phillips TG, Schilke P. 1997. In Molecules in Astrophysics: Probes & Processes, ed. E van Dishoeck. Dordrecht: Kluwer. In press
138. Köster B, Störzer H, Stutzki J, Sternberg A. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 284:545-58
139. Kramer C, Stutzki J, Winnewisser G. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 307:915-35
140. Krolik JH, Kallman TR. 1983. Ap. J. 267:610-24
141. Krolik JH, Lepp S. 1989. Ap. J. 347:179-85
142. Langer WD. 1976. Ap. J. 206:699-712
143. Latter WB, Kelly DM, Hora JL, Deutsch LK. 1995. Ap. J. Suppl. 100:159-67
144. Latter WB, Walker CK, Maloney PR. 1993. Ap. J. Lett. 419:L97-L100
145. Leach S. 1987. In Polycydic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Astrophysics, ed. A Léger, L d'Hendecourt, N Boccara, pp. 99-127. Dordrecht: Reidel
146. LeBourlot J, Pineau des Forêts G, Roueff E, Flower DR. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 267: 233-54
147. Lee H-H, Herbst E, Pineau des Forêts G, Roueff E, LeBourlot J. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 311:690-707
148. Lee KT, Bowman JM, Wagner AF, Schatz GC. 1982. J. Chem. Phys. 76:3583-96
149. Léger A, Puget JL. 1989. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 27:161-98
150. Lemaire JL, Field D, Gerin M, Leach S, Pineau des Forêts G, et al. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 308:895-907
151. Lepp S, Dalgarno A. 1988. Ap. J. 335:769-73
152. Lepp S, Dalgarno A. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 306:L21-L24
153. Lepp S, McCray R. 1983. Ap. J. 269:560-67
154. Light GC. 1978. J. Chem. Phys. 68:2831-43
155. Lis DC, Schilke P, Keene J. 1997. In CO: 25 Years of Millimeter Wave Spectroscopy, ed. WB Latter, SJE Radford, PR Jewell, JG Mangum, J Bally. Dordrecht: Kluwer. In press
156. London R. 1978. Ap. J. 225:405-16
157. Lord SD, Hollenbach DJ, Haas MR, Rubin RH, Colgan SWJ, et al. 1996. Ap. J. 465:703-16
158. Lugten JB, Genzel R, Crawford MK, Townes CH. 1986. Ap. J. 306:691-702
159. Luhman ML, Jaffe DT. 1996. Ap. J. 463:191-204
160. Luhman ML, Jaffe DT, Keller LD, Pak S. 1994. Ap. J. Lett. 436:L185-88
161. Luhman ML, Jaffe DT, Sternberg A, Herrmann F, Poglitsch A. 1997. Ap. J. In press
162. Maloney P. 1997. In Accretion Phenomena and Related Outflows, ed. D Wickramasinghe, L Ferrario, G Bicknell. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac. In press
163. Maloney P, Hollenbach D, Tielens AGGM. 1996. Ap. J. 466:561-84
164. Martin PG, Mandy ME. 1995. Ap. J. 455:L89-L92
165. Martin PG, Schwarz DH, Mandy ME. 1996. Ap. J. 461:265-81
166. Massi M, Churchwell E, Felli M. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 194:116-24
167. Mathis JS. 1990. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 28:37-70
168. Mathis JS. 1997. In From Stardust to Planetesimals, ed. Y Pendleton, AGGM Tielens. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac. In press
169. Mathis JS, Rumpl W, Nordsieck KH. 1977. Ap. J. 217:425-33
170. Matsuhara H, Nakagawa T, Shibai H, Okuda H, Mizutani T, et al. 1989. Ap. J. 339:L69-L70
171. McKee CF. 1989. Ap. J. 345:782-801
172. McKee CF, Storey JWV, Watson DM, Green S. 1982. Ap. J. 259:647-56
173. Meixner M, Haas MR, Tielens AGGM, Erickson EF, Werner M. 1992. Ap. J. 390:499-512
174. Meixner M, Tielens AGGM. 1993. Ap. J. 405:216-28
175. Melnick G, Gull GE, Harwit M. 1979. Ap. J. 227:L29-L33
176. Minchin NR, White GJ, Padman R. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 277:595-608
177. Mochizuki K, Nakagawa T, Doi Y, Yui YY, Okuda H, et al. 1994. Ap. J. 430:L37-L40
178. Monteiro T. 1991. Astron. Astrophys. 241:L5-L8
179. Moorwood AFM, Oliva E. 1990. Astron. Astrophys. 239:78-84
180. Moorwood AFM, Oliva E. 1994. Ap. J. 429: 602-11
181. Morris M, Serabyn E. 1996. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 34:645-701
182. Mouri H, Kawara K, Taniguchi Y, Nishida M. 1990a. Ap. J. Lett. 356:L39-L42
183. Mouri H, Nishida M, Taniguchi Y, Kawara K. 1990b. Ap. J. 360:55-62
184. Natta A, Walmsley CM, Tielens AGGM. 1994. Ap. J. 428:209-18
185. Nelson RP, Langer WD. 1997. Ap. J. In press
186. Neufeld DA, Maloney PR. 1995. Ap. J. 447:L17-L20
187. Neufeld DA, Maloney PR, Conger S. 1994. Ap. J. 436:L127-30
188. Neufeld DA, Spaans M. 1996. Ap. J. 473:894-902
189. O'Dell CR, Wen Z, Hu X. 1993. Ap. J. 410:696-700
190. Parmar PS, Lacy JH, Achtermann JM. 1991. Ap. J. 372:L25-L28
191. Parravano A. 1987. In Supernova Remnants and the ISM, IAU 101, ed. RS Roger, TL Landecker, pp. 513-18. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
192. Parravano A. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 205:71-76
193. Parravano A. 1989. Ap. J. 347:812-16
194. Parravano A, Mantilla JCh. 1991. Astron. Astrophys. 250:70-83
195. Phillips TG, Huggins PJ. 1981. Ap. J. 251:533-40
196. Plume R, Jaffe DT, Keene J. 1994. Ap. J. 425:L49-L52
197. Poglitsch A, Stacey GJ, Geis N, Haggerty M, Jackson J, et al. 1991. Ap. J. Lett. 374:L33-L36
198. Poglitsch A, Krabbe A, Madden SC, Nikola T, Geis N, et al. 1995. Ap. J. 454:293-306
199. Prasad SS, Heere KR, Tarafdar SP. 1991. Ap. J. 373:123-36
200. Prasad SS, Huntress WT. 1980. Ap. J. Suppl. 43:1-35
201. Roberge WG, Dalgarno A, Flannery BP. 1981. Ap. J. 243:817-26
202. Roberge WG, Jones D, Lepp S, Dalgarno A. 1991. Ap. J. Suppl. 77:287-97
203. Roger RS, Dewdney PE. 1992. Ap. J. 385:536-60
204. Rubio M, Lequeux J, Boulanger F. 1993a. Astron. Astrophys. 271:9-17
205. Rubio M, Lequeux J, Boulanger F, Booth RS, Garay G, et al. 1993b. Astron. Astrophys. 271:1-8
206. Russell RW, Melnick G, Gull GE, Harwit M. 1980. Ap. J. 240:L99-L103
207. Russell RW, Melnick G, Smeyers SD, Kurtz NT, Gosnell TR, et al. 1981. Ap. J. 250:L35-L38
208. Savage BD, Mathis JS. 1979. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 17:73-111
209. Schatz GC. 1981. J. Chem. Phys. 74:1133-39
210. Schatz GC, Elgersma H. 1980. Chem. Phys. Lett. 73:21-25
211. Schatz GC, Wagner AF, Walch SP, Bowman JM. 1981. J. Chem. Phys. 74:4984-96
212. Schilke P, Carlstrom JE, Keene J, Phillips TG. 1993. Ap. J. 417:L67-L70
213. Schinke R, Lester WA. 1979. J. Chem. Phys. 72:3754-66
214. Sellgren K, Allamandola LJ, Bregman JD, Werner MW, Wooden DH. 1985. Ap. J. 299:416-23
215. Serabyn E, Keene J, Lis DC, Phillips TG. 1994. Ap. J. 424:L95-L98
216. Shu FH, Adams FC, Lizano S. 1987. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 25:23-81
217. Shull JM. 1978. Ap. J. 219:877-85
218. Sodroski TJ, Odegard N, Dwek E, Hauser MG, Franz BA, et al. 1995. Ap. J. 452:262-68
219. Solomon PM, Rivolo AR, Barren JW, Yahil A. 1987. Ap. J. 319:730-41
220. Spaans M. 1995. Models of inhomogeneous interstellar clouds. PhD thesis. University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
221. Spaans M. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 307:271-87
222. Spaans M, Black JH, van Dishoeck EF. 1997. Ap. J. In press
223. Spaans M, Tielens AGGM, van Dishoeck EF, Bakes ELO. 1994. Ap. J. 437:270-80
224. Spaans M, van Dishoeck EF. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. In press
225. Stacey GJ, Geis N, Genzel R, Lugten JB, Poglitsch A, et al. 1991. Ap. J. 373:423-44
226. Stacey GJ, Jaffe DT, Geis N, Genzel R, Harris AI, et al. 1993. Ap. J. 404:219-31
227. Stecher TP, Williams DA. 1967. Ap. J. Lett. 149:L29-L32
228. Steiman-Cameron TY, Haas MR, Tielens AGGM, Burton MG. 1997. Ap. J. In press
229. Sternberg A. 1988. Ap. J. 322:400-9
230. Sternberg A. 1989. Ap. J. 347:863-74
231. Sternberg A. 1990. Ap. J. 361:121-31
232. Sternberg A. 1992. In Astrochemistry of Cosmic Phenomena, ed. PD Singh, pp. 329-32. Dordrecht: Kluwer
233. Sternberg A, Dalgarno A. 1989. Ap. J. 338:199-233
234. Sternberg A, Dalgarno A. 1995. Ap. J. Suppl 99:565-607
235. Sternberg A, Yan M, Dalgarno A. 1997. In Molecules in Astrophysics: Probes & Processes, ed. E van Dishoeck. Dordrecht: Kluwer. In press
236. Storey JWV, Watson DM, Townes CH. 1979. Ap. J. 233:109-18
237. Störzer H, Stutzki J, Sternberg A. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 296:L9-L12
238. Störzer H, Stutzki J, Sternberg A. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 310:592-98
239. Störzer H, Stutzki J, Sternberg A. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. In press
240. Stutzki J, Güsten R. 1990. Ap. J. 356:513-33
241. Stutzki J, Stacey GJ, Genzel R, Graf UU, Harris AL, et al. 1990. In Submillimetre Astronomy, ed. GD Watt, AS Webster, pp. 269-73. Dordrecht: Kluwer
242. Stutzki J, Stacey GJ, Genzel R, Harris A, Jaffe D, Lugten J. 1988. Ap. J. 332:379-99
243. Tanaka M, Hasegawa T, Hayashi SS, Brand PWJL, Gatley I. 1989. Ap. J. 336:207-11
244. Tarafdar SP, Prasad SS, Huntress WT, Villere KR, Black DC. 1985. Ap. J. 289:220-37
245. Tauber J, Goldsmith P. 1990. Ap. J. Lett. 356:L63-L66
246. Tauber J, Lis DC, Keene J, Schilke P, Büttgenbach TH. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 297:567-73
247. Tauber JA, Tielens AGGM, Meixner M, Goldsmith PF. 1994. Ap. J. 422:136-52
248. Tielens AGGM. 1993. In Planetary Nebulae, ed. R Weinberger, A Acker, pp. 155-62. Dordrecht: Kluwer
249. Tielens AGGM. 1994. In Airborne Astronomy Symposium on the Galactic Ecosystem, ed. MR Haas, JA Davidson, EF Erickson, pp. 3-22. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
250. Tielens AGGM, Hollenbach DJ. 1985a. Ap. J. 291:722-46
251. Tielens AGGM, Hollenbach DJ. 1985b. Ap. J. 291:747-54
252. Tielens AGGM, Hollenbach DJ. 1985c. ICARUS 61:40-47
253. Tielens AGGM, Meixner MM, van der Werf PP, Bregman J, Tauber JA, et al. 1993. Science 262:86-89
254. Timmermann R, Bertoldi F, Wright CM, Drapatz S, Draine BT, et al. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 315:281-85
255. Turner BE. 1996. Ap. J. 461:246-64
256. Usuda T, Sugai H, Kawabata H, Inoue Y, Kataza H, et al. 1996. Ap. J. 464:818-28
257. van der Werf PP, Stutzki J, Sternberg A, Krabbe A. 1996.Astron.Astrophys. 313:633-48
258. van Dishoeck EF. 1987. In Astrochemistry, ed. MS Vardya, SP Tarafdar, pp. 51-65. Dordrecht: Kluwer
259. van Dishoeck EF. 1988. In Rate Coefficients in Astrochemistry, ed. TJ Millar, DA Williams, pp. 49-62. Dordrecht: Kluwer
260. van Dishoeck EF. 1991. In Astrochemistry of Cosmic Phenomena, ed. PD Singh, pp.143-51. Dordrecht: Kluwer
261. van Dishoeck EF. 1992. In Infrared Astronomy with ISO, ed. T Encrenaz, M Kessler, pp. 283-308. New York: Nova
262. van Dishoeck EF, Black JH. 1986. Ap. J. Suppl. 62:109-39
263. van Dishoeck EF, Black JH. 1988. Ap. J. 334: 711-802
264. van Dishoeck EF, Black JH. 1989. Ap. J. 340: 273-97
265. Verstraete L, Léger A, d'Hendecourt L, Dutuit O, Deforneau D. 1990. Astron. Astrophys. 237:436-44
266. Viala YP. 1986. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 64:391-437
267. Viala YP, Letzeiter C, Eidelsberg M, Rostas F. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 193:265-72
268. Voit GM. 1991. Ap. J. 377:158-70
269. Wagner AF, Graff MM. 1987. Ap. J. 317:423-31
270. Watson WD. 1972. Ap. J. 176:103-10
271. Watson D, Genzel R, Townes CH, Werner MW, Storey JWV. 1984. Ap. J. 279:L1-L4
272. White GJ, Ellison B, Claude S, Dent WRF, Matheson PN. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 284:L23-L26
273. White GJ, Padman R. 1991. Nature 354:511-13
274. White GJ, Sandell G. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 299:179-92
275. Williams DA, Hartquist TW. 1984. MNRAS 210:141-45
276. Williams DA, Hartquist TW. 1991. MNRAS 251:351-55
277. Willner SP, Soifer BT, Russell RW, Joyce RR, Gillett FC. 1977. Ap J. 217:L121-24
278. Wolfire M, Hollenbach D, Tielens AGGM. 1993. Ap. J. 402:195-215
279. Wolfire MG, Hollenbach DJ, Tielens AGGM. 1989. Ap. J. 344:770-78
280. Wolfire MG, Königl A. 1993. Ap. J. 415:204-17
281. Wolfire MG, Tielens AGGM, Hollenbach DJ. 1990. Ap. J. 358:116-31
282. Wright EL, Mather JC, Bennett CL, Cheng ES, Shafer RA, et al. 1991. Ap. J. 381:200-9
283. Wyrowski F, Walmsley CM, Natta A, Tielens AGGM. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. In press
284. Xie T, Allen M, Langer WD. 1996. Ap. J. 440:674-85
285. Yan M, Dalgarno A. 1997. Ap. J. In press