On the origin of the Bolivian high and related circulation features of the South American climate

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 656-677

  Lenters, J D ^a,b   Cook, K H ^a  

^a Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERE; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; METEOROLOGY;

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM; LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY;

SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 0031452204     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0656:otootb>2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Aceituno, P., and A. Montecinos, 1993: Circulation anomalies associated with dry and wet periods in the South American Altiplano. Preprints, Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology, Hobart, Australia, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 330-331.
2. Boffi, J. A., 1949: Effect of the Andes Mountains on the general circulation over the southern part of South America. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 30, 242-247.
3. Broccoli, A. J., and S. Manabe, 1992: The effects of orography on midlatitude Northern Hemisphere dry climates. J. Climate, 5, 1181-1201.
4. DeMaria, M., 1985: Linear response of a stratified tropical atmosphere to convective forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1944-1959.
5. Figueroa, S. N., P. Satyamurty, and P. L. Silva Dias, 1995: Simulations of the summer circulation over the South American region with an eta coordinate model. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1573-1584.
6. Flohn, H., 1968: Contributions to a meteorology of the Tibetan Highlands. Atmos. Sci. Paper 130, 120 pp. [Available from Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, CO 80523.]
7. Gandu, A. W., and J. E. Geisler, 1991: A primitive equations model study of the effect of topography on the summer circulation over tropical South America. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1822-1836.
8. Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462.
9. _, and P. J. Phlips, 1986: Nonlinear effects on heat-induced circulation of the tropical atmosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 69-91.
10. Gutman, G. J., and W. Schwerdtfeger, 1965: The role of latent and sensible heat for the development of a high pressure system over the subtropical Andes, in the summer. Meteor. Rundsch., 18, 69-75.
11. Hahn, D. G., and S. Manabe, 1975: The role of mountains in the South Asian monsoon circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1515-1541.
12. Hastenrath, S., 1991: Climate Dynamics of the Tropics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 488 pp.
13. Horel, J. D., A. N. Hahmann, and J. E. Geisler, 1989: An investigation of the annual cycle of convective activity over the tropical Americas. J. Climate, 2, 1388-1403.
14. Kessler, A., 1981: Fluctuations of the water budget on the Altiplano and of the atmospheric circulation (in German). Aachener Geographische Arbeiten, 14, 111-122.
15. Kleeman, R., 1989: A modeling study of the effect of the Andes on the summertime circulation of tropical South America. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3344-3362.
16. Kodama, Y.-M., 1992: Large-scale common features of subtropical precipitation zones (the Baiu Frontal Zone, the SPCZ, and the SACZ). Part I: Characteristics of subtropical frontal zones. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 813-835.
17. _, 1993: Large-scale common features of sub-tropical convergence zones (the Baiu Frontal Zone, the SPCZ, and the SACZ). Part II: Conditions of the circulations for generating the STCZs. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 71, 581-610.
18. Kousky, V. E., 1979: Frontal influences on Northeast Brazil. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 1140-1153.
19. _, and M. A. Gan, 1981: Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortices in the tropical South Atlantic. Tellus, 33, 538-550.
20. _, and M. T. Kagano, 1981: A climatological study of the tropospheric circulation over the Amazon region. Acta Amazonica, 11, 743-758.
21. Kreuels, R., K. Fraedrich, and E. Ruprecht, 1975: An aerological climatology of South America. Meteor. Rundsch., 28, 17-24.
22. Legates, D. R., and C. J. Willmott, 1990: Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected, global precipitation. Int. J. Climatol., 10, 111-127.
23. Lenters, J. D., 1997: Climate dynamics of South America during summer: Connections between the large-scale circulation and regional precipitation. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, 268 pp.
24. _, and K. H. Cook, 1995: Simulation and diagnosis of the regional summertime precipitation climatology of South America. J. Climate, 8, 2988-3005.
25. Manabe, S., 1969: Climate and the ocean circulation. The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the earth's surface. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 739-744.
26. Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 25-43.
27. Nishizawa, T., and M. Tanaka, 1983: The annual change in the tropospheric circulation and the rainfall in South America. Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol. Ser. B, 33, 107-116.
28. Phlips, P. J., and A. E. Gill, 1987: An analytical model of the heat-induced tropical circulation in the presence of a mean wind. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 213-236.
29. Rao, G. V., and H. van de Boogaard, 1986: A comparison between the Bolivian and Tibetan upper anticyclones. Preprints, Proc. Second Int. Conf. on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology, Wellington, New Zealand. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 278-279.
30. _, and S. Erdogan, 1989: The atmospheric heat source over the Bolivian plateau for a mean January. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 46, 13-33.
31. Rooney, D. M., and G. S. Janowitz, 1979: Flow over the Rocky and Andes Mountains: Application of an analytical model. J. Atmos. Sd., 36, 549-558.
32. Sardeshmukh, P. D., and B. J. Hoskins, 1985: Vorticity balances in the tropics during the 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 261-278.
33. Satyamurty, P., R. P. Santos, and M. A. M. Lemes, 1980: On the stationary trough generated by the Andes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 510-520.
34. Schubert, S. D., R. B. Rood, and J. Pfaendtner, 1993: An assimilated dataset for earth science applications. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2331-2342.
35. Schwerdtfeger, W., 1961: Strömungs-und temperaturfeld der freien atmosphäre über den Anden. Meteor. Rundsch., 14, 1-6.
36. Shea, D. J., K. E. Trenberth, and R. W. Reynolds, 1990: A global monthly sea surface temperature climatology. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-345 + STR. [Available from National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
37. Suva Dias, P. L., W. H. Schubert, and M. DeMaria, 1983: Large-scale response of the tropical atmosphere to transient convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2689-2707.
38. Ting, M., and I. M. Held, 1990: The stationary wave response to a tropical SST anomaly in an idealized GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2546-2566.
39. Valdes, P. J., and B. J. Hoskins, 1989: Linear stationary wave simulations of the time-mean climatological flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2509-2527.
40. Vergeiner, I., and Y. Ogura, 1972: A numerical shallow-fluid model including orography with a variable grid. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 270-284.
41. Virji, H., 1981: A preliminary study of summertime tropospheric circulation patterns over South America estimated from cloud winds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 599-610.
42. Webster, P. J., 1972: Response of the tropical atmosphere to local, steady forcing. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 518-541.
43. Zheng, Q., and K.-N. Liou, 1986: Dynamic and thermodynamic influences of the Tibetan Plateau on the atmosphere in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1340-1354.