Neurochemical studies of schizophrenia in Japan

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

Volumn 51, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 347-356

  Otsuki, Saburo ^a,b   Akiyama, Kazufumi ^a  

^a OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Japan)

^b Zikei Institute of Psychiatry   (Japan)

Author keywords

Dopamine; Excitatory amino acid; Gamma aminobutyric acid; Molecular genetics; Phospholipids; Regional cerebral blood flow; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; AMINO ACID; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DOPAMINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID; MONOAMINE; PROSTAGLANDIN; SEROTONIN;

BODY FLUID; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; DOPAMINERGIC TRANSMISSION; GABAERGIC TRANSMISSION; HUMAN; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MONOAMINERGIC SYSTEM; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEROTONINERGIC TRANSMISSION;

EID: 0031450937     PISSN: 13231316     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1997.tb02598.x     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. 2 dopamine-receptor activity, and negative symptoms in chronically medicated schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 1992; 31: 357-364.
2. Suzuki E, Kanba S, Nibuya M et al. Longitudinal changes in symptoms and plasma homovanillic acid levels in chronically medicated schizophrenic patients. Biol. Psychiatry 1994; 36: 654-661.
3. Nibuya M, Kanba S, Sekiya U et al. Schizophrenic patients with deficit syndrome have higher plasma homovanillic acid concentrations and ventricular enlargement. Biol. Psychiatry 1995; 38: 50-56.
4. Carpenter WT, Heinricks DW, Wagman AMI. Deficit and non-deficit forms of schizophrenia: The concept. Am. J. Psychiatry 1988; 145: 578-583.
5. Akiyama K, Tsuchida K, Kanzaki A et al. Plasma homovanillic acid levels and therapeutic outcome in schizophrenics: Comparisons of neuroleptic-naive first-episode patients and patients with disease exacerbation due to neuroleptic discontinuance. Biol. Psychiatry 1995; 38: 639-648.
6. Davila R, Manero E, Zumarraga M, Andia I, Schweitzer JW, Friedhoff AJ. Plasma homovanillic acid as a predictor of response to neuroleptics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1988; 45: 564-567.
7. Van Kammen DP, Petres J, Yao J et al. Norepinephrine in acute exacerbations of chronic schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1990; 47: 161-168.
8. Yui K, Goto K., Ikemoto S. Ishiguro T. Plasma monoamine metabolites and spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine-induced paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis: Relation of noradrenergic activity to the occurrence of flashbacks. Psychiatry Res. 1996; 63: 93-107.
9. Sato M, Numachi Y, Hamamura T. Relapse of paranoid psychotic state in methamphetamine model of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1992; 18: 115-122.
10. Kaneko M, Honda K, Kanno T et al. Plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in acute schizophrenics before and after treatment. Neuropsychobiology 1992; 25: 126-129.
11. Sarai M, Matsunaga H, Kimura S. Elevated plasma dopamine concentrations in unmedicated acute schizophrenics. Jpn. J. Psychiatr. Neurol. 1990; 44: 557-562.
12. Yoshimoto S, Kaku H, Shimogawa S, Watanebe A, Nakagawara M. Takahashi R. Urinary trace amine excretion and platelet monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1987; 21: 229-236.
13. Kobayashi K, Koide Y, Shohmori T. Determination of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Clin. Chim. Acta 1982; 123: 161-168.
14. Nagao T, Ohshimo T, Mitsunobu K, Sato M, Otsuki S. Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites and cyclic nucleotides in chronic schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia or drug-induced tremor. Biol. Psychiatry 1979; 14: 509-523.
15. Saito T, Ishizawa H, Tsuchiya F, Ozawa H, Takahata N. Neurochemical findings m the cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic-induced parkinonism. Jpn. J. Psychiatr. Neurol. 1986; 40: 189-194.
16. Nishijima K, Ishiguro T. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A study of CSF monoamine metabolism. Biol. Psychiatry 1990; 27: 280-288.
17. Nishijima K, Ishiguro T. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of monoamine metabolites and gamma-aminobutyric acid in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J. Psychiatr. Res. 1995; 29: 233-244.
18. Nishijima K, Ishiguro T. Does dantrolene influence central dopamine and serotonin metabolism in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome? A retrospective study. Biol. Psychiatry 1993; 33: 45-48.
19. Kaiya H. Second messenger imbalance hypothesis of schizophrenia. Prostagtandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 1992; 46: 33-38.
20. Kaiya H, Nishida A, Imai A, Nakashima S, Nozawa Y. Accumulation of diacylglycerol in platelet phosphoinositide turnover in schizophrenia: A biological marker of good prognosis? Biol. Psychiatry 1989; 26: 669-676.
21. Ofuji M, Kaiya H, Nozaki M, Tsurumi K. Platelet prostaglandin El hyposensitivity in schizophrenia: Reduction of prostaglandin E1- or forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP response in platelets. Life Sci. 1989; 45: 2135-2140.
22. Kaiya H. Prostaglandin E, suppression of platelet aggregation response in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1991; 5: 67-80.
23. 2 levels in schizophrenia. J. Neurol. Transm. 1989; 77: 39-46.
24. Kaiya H, Horrobin DF, Manku MS, Fisher NM. Essential and other fatty acids in plasma in schizophrenics and normal individuals from Japan. Biol. Psychiatry 1991; 30: 357-362.
25. Horrobin DF, Glen AI, Vaddadi K. The membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1994; 13: 195-207.
26. Nakashima H, Ueda K, Yasugawa S, Katsuragi S, Kimura T, Miyakawa T. Erythrocyte deformability in schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Clin, Neurosci. 1996; 50: 191-194.
27. Torn M, Nishikawa T, Mataga N, Takashima M. Dopamine metabolism increases in post-mortem schizophrenic basal ganglia. J. Neurol. Transm. 1982; 54: 181-191.
28. Toru M, Watanabe S, Shibuya H et al. Neurotransmitters, receptors and neuropeptides in post-mortem brains of chronic schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1988; 78: 121-137.
29. 2 receptors in chronic schizophrenics. Biol. Psychiatry 1986; 21: 1407-1414.
30. 1A receptors in prefrontal and temporal cortices of brains from patients with chronic schizophrenia. Life Sci. 1991; 48: 355-363.
31. 2 receptor binding in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 1993: 112(Suppl. 1): S35-S39.
32. 1 receptors in the frontal cortex of brains from patients with chronic schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 1991; 30: 349-356.
33. Toru M, Kurumaji A, Ishimaru M. Excitatory ammo acids: Implications for psychiatric disorders research. Life Sci. 1994; 55: 1683-1699.
34. 3H]kainic acid binding in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Neurosci. Lett. 1983; 40: 245-250.
35. 3H]amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid binding to human cerebral cortical membranes: Minimal changes in postmortem brains of chronic schizophrenics. J. Neurochemistry 1992; 59: 829-837.
36. Ishimaru M, Kurumaji A, Toru M. Increases in strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites in cerebral cortex of chronic schizophrenics: Evidence for glutamate hypothesis. Biol. Psychiatry 1994; 35: 84-95.
37. Hashimoto A, Nishikawa T, Oka T, Takahashi K. Endogenous D-serine in rat brain: N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor-related distribution and aging. J. Neurochemistry 1993; 60: 783-786.
38. Kumashiro S, Hashimoto A, Nishikawa T. Free D-serine in post-mortem brains and spinal cords of individuals with and without neuropsychiatric diseases. Brain Res. 1995; 681: 117-125.
39. Watanabe S, Nishikawa T, Takashima M, Toru M. Increased muscarinic cholinergic receptors in prefrontal cortices of medicated schizophrenics. Life Sci. 1983; 33: 2187-2196.
40. 3H]musciniol binding sites increased in autopsied brains of chronic schizophrenics. Life Sci. 1987; 40: 259-266.
41. Kiuchi Y, Kobayashi T, Takeuchi J, Shimizu H, Ogata H, Toru M. Benzodiazepine receptors increase in post-mortem brain of chronic schizophrenics. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Neurol. Sci. 1989; 239: 71-78.
42. oα immunoreactivities in left temporal cortices from patients with schizophrenia. Brain Res. 1993; 615: 41-49.
43. Okubo Y, Suhara T, Suzuki K et al. Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET, Nature 1997; 385: 634-636.
44. Shintani F, Kanba S, Maruo N et al. Serum interleukin-6 in schizophrenic patients. Life Sci. 1991; 49: 661-664.
45. Sasaki T, Nanko S, Fukuda R, Kawate T, Kunugi H, Kazamatsuri H. Changes of immunological functions after acute exacerbation in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 1994; 35: 173-178.
46. y antigen expression on T-lymphocytes in schizophrenic patients. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1993; 243: 82-86.
47. 31P magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1992; 86: 455-462.
48. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial temporal lobe of schizophrenic patients with neuroleptic-resistant marked positive symptoms. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1994; 244: 236-240.
49. Shioiri T, Kato T, Inubushi T, Murashita J, Takahashi S. Correlations of phosphomonoesters measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic-resonance spectroscopy in the frontal lobes and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1994; 55: 223-235.
50. Kato T, Shioiri T, Murashita J, Hamakawa H, Inubushi T, Takahashi S. Lateralized abnormality of high-energy phosphate and bilateral reduction of phosphomonoester measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobes in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1995; 61: 151-160.
51. Fujimoto T, Nakano, T, Takano T et al Proton magnetic-resonance spectroscopy of basal ganglia in chronic schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 1996; 40: 14-18.
52. Shioiri T, Hamakawa H, Kato T et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the basal ganglia in patients with schizophrenia: A preliminary report. Schizophr. Res. 1996; 22: 19-26.
53. Sagawa K, Kawakatsu S, Komatani A, Totsuka S. Frontality, laterality, and cortical-subcortical gradient of cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia: Relationship to symptoms and neuropsychological functions. Neuropsychobiology 1990; 24: 1-7.
54. Suzuki M, Kurachi M, Kawasaki Y, Kiba K, Yamaguchi N. Left hypofrontality correlates with blunted affect in schizophrenia. Jpn. J. Psychiatr. Neurol. 1992; 46: 653-657.
55. Kanoh M, Kamioka Y, Takahashi S. Reduction of cerebral blood How in chronic schizophrenia: Relation to age. Jpn. J. Psychiatr. Neurol. 1992; 46: 113-119.
56. Kawasaki Y, Maeda Y, Suzuki M et al. SPECT analysis of regional cerebral blood flow changes in patients with schizophrenia during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Schizophr. Res. 1993; 10: 109-116.
57. 123I-IMP SPECT. Schizophr. Res. 1992; 7: 159-168.
58. Nakashima Y, Momose T, Sano I et al. Cortical control of saccade in normal and schizophrenic subjects: A PET study using a task-evoked rCBF paradigm. Schizophr. Res. 1994; 12: 259-264.
59. 123I-IMP SPECT. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1993; 242: 257-261.
60. Kawasaki Y, Suzuki M, Maeda Y et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with schizophrenia, a preliminary report. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1992; 241: 195-200.
61. Yuasa S, Kurachi M, Suzuki M et al. Clinical symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1995; 246: 7-12.
62. Kawasaki Y, Maeda Y, Sakai N et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with schizophrenia: Relevance to symptom structures. Psychiatry Res. 1996; 67: 49-58.
63. 11C-glucose positron emission tomography. Psychiatry Res. 1987; 21: 285-292.
64. Miyauchi T, Kishimoto H, Hagimoto H, Fujita H, Tanaka K. Computerized EEG and brain imaging studies in untreated schizophrenic patients: A report of seven cases. Jpn. J. Psychiatr. Neurol. 1993; 47: 869-880.
65. Nanko S, Kunugi H, Sasaki T, Fukuda R, Kawate T, Kazamatsuri H. Pericentric region of chromosome 9 is a possible candidate region for linkage study of schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 1993; 33: 655-658.
66. Nanko S, Fukuda R, Hattori M et al. No evidence of linkage or allelic association of schizophrenia with DNA markers at pericentric region of chromosome 9. Biol. Psychiatry 1994; 36: 589-594.
67. Nanko S, Hattori M, Kuwata S et al. Neurotrophin-3 gene polymorphism associated with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1994; 89: 390-392.
68. Hattori M, Nanko S. Association of neurotrophin-3 gene variant with severe forms of schizophenia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995; 209: 513-518.
69. 311 → Cys). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1993; 196: 1369-1375.
70. Arinami T, Itokawa M, Enguchi H et al. Associatin of dopamine D2 receptor molecular variant with schizophrenia. Lancet 1994; 343: 703-704.
71. Hattori M, Nanko S, Dai X-Y, Fukuda R, Kazamatsuri H. Mismatch PCR RFLP detection of DRD2 Ser311Cys polymorphism and schizophrenia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1994; 202: 757-763.
72. 3 receptor gene. Hum. Genet. 1993; 92: 336-338.
73. Ohara K, Nakamura Y, Xie D-W et al Polymorphisms of dopamine D2-like (D2, D3, and D4) receptors in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 1996; 40: 1209-1217.
74. 2A receptor exons and the adjoining intron regions in schizophrenia, Neuropsychopharmacology 1996; 14: 339-347.
75. Sasaki T, Kuwata S, Dai XY et al. HLA-DR types in Japanese schizophrenics: Analysis by group-specific PCR amplification. Schizophr. Res. 1994; 14: 9-14.
76. Miyanaga K, Machiyama Y, Juji T. Schizophrenic disorders and HLA-DR antigens. Biol. Psychiatry 1984; 19: 121-129.
77. Sato M, Chen C-C, Akiyama K. Otsuki S. Acute exacerbation of paranoid psychotic state after long-term abstinence in patients with previous methamphetamine psychosis. Biol. Psychiatry 1983; 18: 429-440.
78. Sato M. A lasting vulnerability to psychosis in patients with previous methamphetamine psychosis. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1992; 654: 160-170.
79. Javitt DC, Zukin SR. Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 1991; 148: 1301-1308.
80. Machiyama Y. Chronic methamphetamine intoxication model of schizophrenia in animals. Schizophr. Bull. 1992; 18: 107-113.
81. Akiyama K, Kanzaki A, Tsuchida K, Ujike H. Methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization and its implications for relapse of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1994; 12: 251-257.
82. t selective D-l and D-2 dopamine antagonists on development of methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 1989; 98: 89-92.
83. Ujike H, Kanzaki A, Okumura K, Akiyama K, Otsuki S. Sigma (σ) antagonist BMY 14802 prevents methamphetamine-induced sensitization. Life Sci. 1992; 50: PL129-PL134.
84. Kalivas PW, Stewart J. Dopamine transmission in the initiation and expression of drug- and stress-induced sensitization of motor activity. Brain Res. Rev. 1991; 16: 223-244.
85. Tsuchida K, Ujike H. Kanzaki A, Fujiwara Y, Akiyama K. Ontogeny of enhanced striatal dopamine release .in rats with methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1994; 47: 161-169.
86. Nishikawa T, Mataga N, Takashima M, Toru M. Behavioral sensitization and relative hyperresponsiveness of striatal and limbic dopaminergic neurons after repeated methamphetamine treatment. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1983; 88: 195-203.
87. Kazahaya Y, Akimoto K, Otsuki S. Subchronic methamphetamine treatment enhances methamphetamine- cocaine-induced dopamine efflux in vivo. Biol. Psychiatry 1989; 25: 903-912.
88. Hamamura T, Akiyama K, Akimoto K et al. Co-administration ot either a selective D1 or D2 dopamine antagonist with methamphetamine prevents methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization and neurochemical change, studied by in vivo intracerebral dialysis. Brain Res. 1991; 546: 40-46.
89. Kanzaki A, Akiyama K, Otsuki S. Snbchronic methamphetamine treatment enhances ouabain-induced striatal dopamine efflux in vivo. Brain Res. 1992; 569: 181-188.
90. Shimizu Y, Akiyama K, Kodama M, Ishihara T, Hamamura T, Kuroda S. Alterations of calmodulin and its mRNA in rat brain after acute and chronic administration of methamphetamine. Brain Res. 1997; 765: 247-258.
91. Ujike H, Akiyama K, Nishikawa H, Onoue T, Otsuki S. Lasting increase in D1 dopamine receptors in the lateral part of the substantia nigra pars reticulata atter subchronic methamphetamine administration. Brain Res. 1991; 540: 159-163.
92. Umino A, Nishikawa T, Takahashi K. Methamphetamine-induced nuclear c-Fos in rat brain regions, Neurochem. Int. 1995; 26: 85-90.
93. Tanii Y, Nishikawa, T, Hashimoto A, Takahashi K. Stereoselective antagonism by enantiomers of alanine and serine of phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity, stereotypy and ataxia in the rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1994; 269: 1040-1048.
94. Nishijima K, Kashiwa A, Hashimoto A, Iwama H, Umino A, Nishikawa T. Differential effects of phencyclidine and methamphetamine on dopamine metabolism in rat frontal cortex and striatum as revealed by in vivo dialysis. Synapse 1996; 22: 304-312.
95. Kashiwa A, Nishikawa T, Nishijima K, Umino A, Takahashi K. Dizocilpine (MK-801) elicits a tetrodotoxin-sensitive increase in extracellular release of dopamine in rat medial frontal cortex. Neurochem. Int. 1995; 26: 269-279.