Effects of melting on frontogenesis

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 54, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 689-702

  Szeto, K K ^a   Stewart, R E ^a  

^a ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BAROCLINICITY; FRONTOGENESIS; KINEMATIC PERTURBATION; PRECIPITATION; SNOWMELT; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY;

EID: 0031450336     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0689:EOMOF>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Barth, M. C., and D. B. Parsons, 1996: Microphysical processes associated with intense frontal rainbands and the effects of evaporation and melting on frontal dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1569-1586.
2. Benard, P., J.-L. Redelsperger, and J.-P. Lafore, 1992a: Nonhydrostatic simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere. Part I: General description and narrow rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2200-2217.
3. _, J.-P. Lafore, and J.-L. Redelsperger, 1992b: Nonhydrostatic simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere. Part II: Moist potential vorticity budget and wide rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2218-2235.
4. Carbone, R. E., 1982: A severe frontal rainband. Part I: Stormwide hydrodynamic structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 258-279.
5. Carlson, T. N., 1980: Airflow through midlatitude cyclones and the comma cloud pattern. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1498-1509.
6. Clough, S. A., and R. A. A. Franks, 1991: The evaporation of frontal and other stratiform precipitation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117, 1057-1080.
7. Cox, G. P., 1988: Modelling precipitation in frontal rainbands. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 115-127.
8. Fabry, E, and I. Zawadzki, 1995: The melting layer of precipitation: Radar observations and their interpretation. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 838-851.
9. Findeisen, W., 1940: The formation of the 0°C isothermal layer and fractocumulus under nimbostratus. Meteor. Z., 57, 49-54.
10. Gedzelman, S. D., and R. Arnold, 1993: The form of cyclonic precipitation and its thermal impact. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1957-1978.
11. Hertzman, O., P. V. Hobbs, and J. D. Locatelli, 1988: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. XVI: Three-dimensional airflow and vertical vorticity budget for a warm front. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3650-3666.
12. Herzegh, P. H., and P. V. Hobbs, 1980: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in mid-latitude cyclones. Part II: Warm-frontal clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 597-611.
13. Huang, H. C., and K. A. Emanuel, 1991: The effects of evaporation on frontal circulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 619-628.
14. Hudak, D. R., R. E. Stewart, A. D. Thomson, and R. List, 1996: Warm frontal structure in association with a rapidly deepening extratropical cyclone. Atmos.-Ocean, 34, 103-132.
15. Keyser, D., and M. J. Pecnick, 1985: A two-dimensional primitive equation model of frontogenesis forced by confluence and horizontal shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1259-1282.
16. _, and _, 1987: The effects of along-front temperature variation in a two-dimensional primitive equation model of surface frontogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 577-604.
17. Locatelli, J. D., and P. V. Hobbs, 1987: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in mid-latitude cyclones. XIII: Structure of a warm front. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2290-2309.
18. Marwitz, J. D., 1983: The kinematics of orographic airflow during Sierra storms. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1218-1227.
19. _, and J. Toth, 1993: The Front Range blizzard of 1990. Part I: Synoptic and mesoscale structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 402-415.
20. Miller, J. E., 1948: On the concept of frontogenesis. J. Meteor., 5, 169-171.
21. Neiman, P. J., M. A. Shapiro, and L. S. Feder, 1993: The life cycle of an extratropical cylone. Part II: Mesoscale structure and diagnostics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2177-2199.
22. Parker, D. J., and A. J. Thorpe, 1995: The role of snow sublimation in frontogenesis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 763-782.
23. Reeder, M. J., and D. Keyser, 1988: Balanced and unbalanced upper-level frontogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3366-3386.
24. Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1983: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in mid-latitude cyclones. VIII: A model for the "seeder-feeder" process in warm-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1185-1206.
25. Stewart, R. E., 1991: Canadian Atlantic Storms Program: Progress and plans of the meteorological component. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 364-371.
26. _, and L. M. Patenaude, 1988: Rain-snow boundaries and freezing precipitation in Canadian east coast winter storms. Atmos.-Ocean, 26, 377-398.
27. _, and S. R. Macpherson, 1989: Winter storm structure and melting-induced circulations. Atmos.-Ocean, 27, 5-23.
28. _, and D. Yiu, 1993: Distributions of precipitation and associated parameters across precipitation type transitions over southern Ontario. Atmos. Res., 29, 153-178.
29. _, J. D. Marwitz, J. C. Pace, and R. E. Carbone, 1984: Characteristics through the melting layer of stratiform clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3227-3237.
30. _, D. T. Yiu, K. K, Chung, D. R. Hudak, E. P. Lozowski, M. Oleskiw, B. E. Sheppard and K. K. Szeto, 1995: Weather conditions associated with the passage of precipitation type transition regions over eastern Newfoundland. Atmos.-Ocean, 33, 25-53.
31. _, R. W. Crawford, K. K. Szeto, and D. R. Hudak, 1996: Horizontal aircraft passes across 0°C regions within winter storms. Atmos.-Ocean, 34, 133-159.
32. Szeto, K. K., and H. R. Cho, 1994a: A numerical investigation of squall lines. Part I: The control experiment. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 414-424.
33. _, and _, 1994b: A numerical investigation of squall lines. Part III: Sensitivity to precipitation processes and the Coriolis force. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1341-1351.
34. _, and R. E. Stewart, 1996: Cloud model simulations of surface weather elements associated with warm frontal regions of winter storms. Atmos. Res., in press.
35. _, C. A. Lin, and R. E. Stewart, 1988a: Mesoscale circulations forced by melting snow. Part I: Basic simulations and dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1629-1641.
36. _, R. E. Stewart, and C. A. Lin, 1988b: Mesoscale circulations forced by melting snow. Part II: Application to meteorological features. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1642-1650.
37. Taylor, P. A., J. R. Salmon, and R. E. Stewart, 1993: Mesoscale observations of surface fronts and low pressure centres in Canadian east coast storms. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 64, 15-54.